The document discusses the basic rights in patient empowerment. It defines patient empowerment as patients gaining greater control over decisions regarding their health. The key right is patient autonomy, which is the right of competent adults to make informed decisions about their own medical care. Other rights discussed include patients' entitlements from physicians, such as the right to choose or change doctors, obtain medical records, provide informed consent/refusal, and make complaints without reprisal. The document also notes patients have entitlements from hospitals/clinics regarding their care and services.
This document discusses various medical and ethical issues in obstetrics. It outlines key principles of ethics like beneficence, autonomy, non-maleficence, justice and confidentiality. It also discusses patient rights and legal/ethical principles in healthcare delivery. Specific issues covered include informed consent, privacy, medical negligence, safety of products used, codes of ethics for midwifery practice, ethics related to reproductive health procedures and technologies like IVF, genetics research and embryonic stem cell research. Potential areas of litigation in obstetrics like antenatal care, diagnosis, investigations and management of high-risk pregnancies are also outlined.
Stages of illness, patient's rights, nursing processReynel Dan
The document describes the five stages of illness:
1) Symptom experience and reaction
2) Assumption of the sick role and seeking validation
3) Medical care contact and confirmation of illness
4) Becoming a dependent patient and compliance with treatment
5) Recovery, rehabilitation, and relinquishing the sick role
It also lists the rights of dying persons and Filipino patients, including the right to treatment with dignity, informed consent, privacy, and continuity of care. Finally, it outlines the nursing process as assessment of data, diagnosis of actual or potential problems, planning interventions, implementation, and evaluation of outcomes.
The document discusses patients' rights and responsibilities in healthcare. It outlines the evolution of patients' rights in the US beginning in the 1960s. It then lists the rights included in the American Hospital Association's first Patient's Bill of Rights from 1973, such as the right to privacy, informed consent, and confidentiality. The document also discusses nurses' legal roles and responsibilities in ensuring quality care and avoiding malpractice. It addresses the ethics of protecting patients' dignity, providing individualized care, and respecting their independence.
1. Patient autonomy refers to a patient's right to self-determination and to make their own medical decisions.
2. Informed consent and respecting a patient's autonomy are important ethical and legal principles in medicine.
3. For consent to be valid, the patient must have decision-making capacity, provide voluntary consent, and be fully informed of the risks and benefits of the proposed treatment.
Patient Rights outline basic rules between patients and medical caregivers as well as institutions to improve patient outcomes. They are based on the concept of human dignity and equality from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Patient Rights vary between countries and regions depending on cultural and social norms but generally include rights like access to treatment, privacy, non-discrimination, and taking part in treatment decisions. Both the U.S. and European perspectives on Patient Rights establish lists of rights and responsibilities in an effort to protect patients and support high quality healthcare.
PRESENTATION ON Patients right and responsibilitiesBhavaniBangaram1
The document provides an overview of patient rights, including definitions, purposes, and key areas. It defines a patient as a person receiving medical treatment and outlines some basic patient rights such as privacy, informed consent, and quality care. It discusses the nurse's role in safeguarding patient rights and protecting patients from unethical practices. The presentation aims to help patients feel more confident in the healthcare system and stress the important relationship between patients and providers.
This document discusses various medical and ethical issues in obstetrics. It outlines key principles of ethics like beneficence, autonomy, non-maleficence, justice and confidentiality. It also discusses patient rights and legal/ethical principles in healthcare delivery. Specific issues covered include informed consent, privacy, medical negligence, safety of products used, codes of ethics for midwifery practice, ethics related to reproductive health procedures and technologies like IVF, genetics research and embryonic stem cell research. Potential areas of litigation in obstetrics like antenatal care, diagnosis, investigations and management of high-risk pregnancies are also outlined.
Stages of illness, patient's rights, nursing processReynel Dan
The document describes the five stages of illness:
1) Symptom experience and reaction
2) Assumption of the sick role and seeking validation
3) Medical care contact and confirmation of illness
4) Becoming a dependent patient and compliance with treatment
5) Recovery, rehabilitation, and relinquishing the sick role
It also lists the rights of dying persons and Filipino patients, including the right to treatment with dignity, informed consent, privacy, and continuity of care. Finally, it outlines the nursing process as assessment of data, diagnosis of actual or potential problems, planning interventions, implementation, and evaluation of outcomes.
The document discusses patients' rights and responsibilities in healthcare. It outlines the evolution of patients' rights in the US beginning in the 1960s. It then lists the rights included in the American Hospital Association's first Patient's Bill of Rights from 1973, such as the right to privacy, informed consent, and confidentiality. The document also discusses nurses' legal roles and responsibilities in ensuring quality care and avoiding malpractice. It addresses the ethics of protecting patients' dignity, providing individualized care, and respecting their independence.
1. Patient autonomy refers to a patient's right to self-determination and to make their own medical decisions.
2. Informed consent and respecting a patient's autonomy are important ethical and legal principles in medicine.
3. For consent to be valid, the patient must have decision-making capacity, provide voluntary consent, and be fully informed of the risks and benefits of the proposed treatment.
Patient Rights outline basic rules between patients and medical caregivers as well as institutions to improve patient outcomes. They are based on the concept of human dignity and equality from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Patient Rights vary between countries and regions depending on cultural and social norms but generally include rights like access to treatment, privacy, non-discrimination, and taking part in treatment decisions. Both the U.S. and European perspectives on Patient Rights establish lists of rights and responsibilities in an effort to protect patients and support high quality healthcare.
PRESENTATION ON Patients right and responsibilitiesBhavaniBangaram1
The document provides an overview of patient rights, including definitions, purposes, and key areas. It defines a patient as a person receiving medical treatment and outlines some basic patient rights such as privacy, informed consent, and quality care. It discusses the nurse's role in safeguarding patient rights and protecting patients from unethical practices. The presentation aims to help patients feel more confident in the healthcare system and stress the important relationship between patients and providers.
The document discusses issues and suggestions regarding India's draft Charter of Patients' Rights. It provides clarification questions and comments on 10 rights outlined in the charter, including the rights to information, medical records, emergency care, informed consent, confidentiality, non-discrimination, safety standards, choice of treatment sources, discharge from the hospital, and other points. The document emphasizes making rights definitions clearer, addressing complex healthcare scenarios, and balancing patient and hospital responsibilities.
The document discusses proposed guidelines for patients' rights in India as drafted by the National Human Rights Commission. It provides commentary and suggestions for clarifying and strengthening several aspects of the draft guidelines. Key points addressed include clarifying informed consent procedures for those unable to consent, defining basic emergency care, timelines for access to medical records, and ensuring non-discrimination on various grounds including economic status. Fulfilling patients' rights in hospitals is complex due to various scenarios, so the document aims to simplify rights and provide guidance for healthcare providers.
The document discusses a draft "Charter of Patients' Rights" published by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in India. It provides feedback and suggestions to clarify and strengthen several rights outlined in the charter, including the right to information, access to medical records, emergency care, informed consent, confidentiality, non-discrimination, safety standards, choice of treatment sources, and discharge from the hospital. The feedback addresses how to fulfill patients' rights for those incapable of consent, situations requiring urgent care without consent, and other complex healthcare scenarios. Clarifying the charter aims to better protect patients' rights while accounting for practical realities in healthcare.
The document discusses informed consent in medical ethics. It defines informed consent as a process where a healthcare provider educates a patient about risks, benefits, and alternatives of a procedure so the patient can make a voluntary decision. Valid consent requires the patient be competent, informed of risks/benefits, and consent voluntarily without coercion. Exceptions exist for emergencies or incompetent patients where a surrogate may provide consent.
This document discusses human morality and healthcare ethics. It outlines several key ethical principles for healthcare professionals, including beneficence, autonomy, and justice. It also discusses patients' rights such as informed consent and refusal of treatment. The document explores paternalism in healthcare and the justifications for both personal and state paternalism. Finally, it covers truth-telling and confidentiality in the physician-patient relationship.
The document discusses a patient's bill of rights, including defining rights and bills of rights. It outlines specific rights patients have, such as the right to informed consent, privacy, choosing treatment methods, and accessing their medical documents. The purposes of a patient bill of rights are to make patients aware of their rights, ensure dignity and respect, and legally protect both patients and healthcare providers. Nurses play an important role in implementing patient rights and ensuring patients understand their rights.
Peer 1 When patients visit health care it is.docxwrite4
Health care professionals have a role in ensuring patients' rights are respected and protected in several ways:
1) By informing patients of their rights through pamphlets or verbally and ensuring they can exercise these rights with support and resources.
2) Advocating on behalf of patients to make sure their rights are respected and protected.
3) Ensuring patients have access to quality care, medical treatments, and information about their health condition and treatment.
The document discusses a patient empowerment program that aims to educate laypeople about patient autonomy and advance healthcare directives. It explains that patient autonomy is a basic right that gives competent adults the right to make informed healthcare decisions. An advance healthcare directive or living will allows someone to document their healthcare wishes in case they become unable to make decisions in the future, exercising their right to patient autonomy. The document provides an example of an individual's advance healthcare directive that outlines their medical treatment preferences if they become terminally ill or incapacitated.
This document outlines patient rights and ethics in healthcare. It defines a patient bill of rights as guaranteeing ethical care and decision making for clients. The purposes are to ensure ethical treatment for all people receiving care. A patient bill of rights typically articulates positive rights like access to records, informed consent, and privacy. It also discusses protecting patient privacy and concerns around trusting healthcare organizations with personal health information.
This document outlines various patient rights and ethics related to healthcare. It discusses the purpose of delineating patient rights to ensure ethical treatment. Some key rights mentioned include the right to informed consent, privacy, access medical records, file complaints, and continuity of care. It also discusses ethics principles like autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice and various codes of ethics for healthcare professionals. Additionally, it provides an overview of the US Senate passed Patient's Bill of Rights that would ensure patients have rights like access to specialists and emergency care.
Patient's rights are policies that protect patients and their families and ensure ethical care. They include the right to respect and non-discrimination, quality care, information and communication, participation in treatment decisions, the ability to refuse treatment, make complaints, request transfers or discharge, and know financial obligations. Understanding patient's rights is important for healthcare providers to respect patients and provide excellent care.
extravastion injry for pediatric 22222222BaraaTaha1
A six-step process is outlined for making ethical decisions that arrive at caring responses: 1) Gather relevant information, 2) Identify the ethical problem, 3) Analyze using ethics theories, 4) Explore practical alternatives, 5) Take action, and 6) Evaluate the process and outcome. Key ethical principles in medicine are also discussed, including beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence, justice, and dignity. Prototypes of ethical problems involve a moral agent, a course of action, and an outcome.
200 words in two answers to your peers 2 reference.docxwrite12
Health care professionals can ensure patients' rights are respected and protected in several ways:
1) By informing patients of their rights through pamphlets or verbal explanations and ensuring they can exercise these rights.
2) By advocating on patients' behalf and making sure their rights are respected in treatment and privacy of personal information.
3) By complying with all laws and regulations regarding patient rights, having policies to protect privacy, and obtaining consent before sharing patient information.
The document discusses patients' rights according to the American Hospital Association. It summarizes the key points of the Patient Care Partnership developed by the AHA, which informs patients of their rights and expectations during their hospital stay, including the right to high quality care, a clean and safe environment, involvement in their care, privacy, and help upon discharge. The document also lists the basic principles that Sandhills Endoscopy Center staff should follow to respect patients' rights and expectations as outlined in the Patient Care Partnership, such as treating patients with courtesy and respect, listening to patients, and maintaining privacy.
This document discusses medical legal and quality improvement topics including patient rights, duties of EMTs and medical providers, consent, do not resuscitate orders, and negligence. It addresses the legal system, medical direction, good Samaritan laws, duties to self, partners, patients and others. Patient rights covered include the right to information, choice of providers, emergency services, participation in decisions, nondiscriminatory care, privacy, and complaint resolution. Duties of providers and responsibilities of patients are also outlined.
The document outlines a patient's bill of rights, which includes the right to considerate and respectful care, the right to information about diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and the right to make decisions about their plan of care and refuse treatment. It also covers the rights to privacy, confidentiality, review of medical records, continuity of care, and informed consent regarding research studies. The document states that hospitals must respect patient dignity and values in all activities.
Ethical Issues in Obtaining Informed Consent.pptxAhmed Mshari
Medical ethics is a set of moral principles, beliefs and values that guide decisions about patient care.
It is an integral part of good medical practice.
The health care professional uses knowledge, experience, and judgment and considers the ethical principles to make decisions on management recommendations.
This document discusses end-of-life decision making through advance directives. It defines three types of advance directives: living wills, durable power of attorney for healthcare, and general advance directives. Living wills allow patients to specify treatment preferences if they become terminal or permanently unconscious. Durable power of attorney appoints a healthcare proxy. General advance directives provide instructions and may appoint a proxy. The document outlines requirements, limitations, and the nurse's role in educating patients and ensuring advance directives are documented and followed.
This document discusses informed consent in healthcare. It defines informed consent and its key components, including discussing the treatment plan, risks, benefits, alternatives, and ensuring the patient understands and is free from coercion. The document outlines principles of respecting patient autonomy, doing no harm, acting in their best interest, and fairness. It discusses assessing patient competence and capacity. Special considerations for informed consent in anesthesia are also covered, such as for Jehovah's Witnesses, minors, and pregnant women.
The document discusses issues and suggestions regarding India's draft Charter of Patients' Rights. It provides clarification questions and comments on 10 rights outlined in the charter, including the rights to information, medical records, emergency care, informed consent, confidentiality, non-discrimination, safety standards, choice of treatment sources, discharge from the hospital, and other points. The document emphasizes making rights definitions clearer, addressing complex healthcare scenarios, and balancing patient and hospital responsibilities.
The document discusses proposed guidelines for patients' rights in India as drafted by the National Human Rights Commission. It provides commentary and suggestions for clarifying and strengthening several aspects of the draft guidelines. Key points addressed include clarifying informed consent procedures for those unable to consent, defining basic emergency care, timelines for access to medical records, and ensuring non-discrimination on various grounds including economic status. Fulfilling patients' rights in hospitals is complex due to various scenarios, so the document aims to simplify rights and provide guidance for healthcare providers.
The document discusses a draft "Charter of Patients' Rights" published by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in India. It provides feedback and suggestions to clarify and strengthen several rights outlined in the charter, including the right to information, access to medical records, emergency care, informed consent, confidentiality, non-discrimination, safety standards, choice of treatment sources, and discharge from the hospital. The feedback addresses how to fulfill patients' rights for those incapable of consent, situations requiring urgent care without consent, and other complex healthcare scenarios. Clarifying the charter aims to better protect patients' rights while accounting for practical realities in healthcare.
The document discusses informed consent in medical ethics. It defines informed consent as a process where a healthcare provider educates a patient about risks, benefits, and alternatives of a procedure so the patient can make a voluntary decision. Valid consent requires the patient be competent, informed of risks/benefits, and consent voluntarily without coercion. Exceptions exist for emergencies or incompetent patients where a surrogate may provide consent.
This document discusses human morality and healthcare ethics. It outlines several key ethical principles for healthcare professionals, including beneficence, autonomy, and justice. It also discusses patients' rights such as informed consent and refusal of treatment. The document explores paternalism in healthcare and the justifications for both personal and state paternalism. Finally, it covers truth-telling and confidentiality in the physician-patient relationship.
The document discusses a patient's bill of rights, including defining rights and bills of rights. It outlines specific rights patients have, such as the right to informed consent, privacy, choosing treatment methods, and accessing their medical documents. The purposes of a patient bill of rights are to make patients aware of their rights, ensure dignity and respect, and legally protect both patients and healthcare providers. Nurses play an important role in implementing patient rights and ensuring patients understand their rights.
Peer 1 When patients visit health care it is.docxwrite4
Health care professionals have a role in ensuring patients' rights are respected and protected in several ways:
1) By informing patients of their rights through pamphlets or verbally and ensuring they can exercise these rights with support and resources.
2) Advocating on behalf of patients to make sure their rights are respected and protected.
3) Ensuring patients have access to quality care, medical treatments, and information about their health condition and treatment.
The document discusses a patient empowerment program that aims to educate laypeople about patient autonomy and advance healthcare directives. It explains that patient autonomy is a basic right that gives competent adults the right to make informed healthcare decisions. An advance healthcare directive or living will allows someone to document their healthcare wishes in case they become unable to make decisions in the future, exercising their right to patient autonomy. The document provides an example of an individual's advance healthcare directive that outlines their medical treatment preferences if they become terminally ill or incapacitated.
This document outlines patient rights and ethics in healthcare. It defines a patient bill of rights as guaranteeing ethical care and decision making for clients. The purposes are to ensure ethical treatment for all people receiving care. A patient bill of rights typically articulates positive rights like access to records, informed consent, and privacy. It also discusses protecting patient privacy and concerns around trusting healthcare organizations with personal health information.
This document outlines various patient rights and ethics related to healthcare. It discusses the purpose of delineating patient rights to ensure ethical treatment. Some key rights mentioned include the right to informed consent, privacy, access medical records, file complaints, and continuity of care. It also discusses ethics principles like autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice and various codes of ethics for healthcare professionals. Additionally, it provides an overview of the US Senate passed Patient's Bill of Rights that would ensure patients have rights like access to specialists and emergency care.
Patient's rights are policies that protect patients and their families and ensure ethical care. They include the right to respect and non-discrimination, quality care, information and communication, participation in treatment decisions, the ability to refuse treatment, make complaints, request transfers or discharge, and know financial obligations. Understanding patient's rights is important for healthcare providers to respect patients and provide excellent care.
extravastion injry for pediatric 22222222BaraaTaha1
A six-step process is outlined for making ethical decisions that arrive at caring responses: 1) Gather relevant information, 2) Identify the ethical problem, 3) Analyze using ethics theories, 4) Explore practical alternatives, 5) Take action, and 6) Evaluate the process and outcome. Key ethical principles in medicine are also discussed, including beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence, justice, and dignity. Prototypes of ethical problems involve a moral agent, a course of action, and an outcome.
200 words in two answers to your peers 2 reference.docxwrite12
Health care professionals can ensure patients' rights are respected and protected in several ways:
1) By informing patients of their rights through pamphlets or verbal explanations and ensuring they can exercise these rights.
2) By advocating on patients' behalf and making sure their rights are respected in treatment and privacy of personal information.
3) By complying with all laws and regulations regarding patient rights, having policies to protect privacy, and obtaining consent before sharing patient information.
The document discusses patients' rights according to the American Hospital Association. It summarizes the key points of the Patient Care Partnership developed by the AHA, which informs patients of their rights and expectations during their hospital stay, including the right to high quality care, a clean and safe environment, involvement in their care, privacy, and help upon discharge. The document also lists the basic principles that Sandhills Endoscopy Center staff should follow to respect patients' rights and expectations as outlined in the Patient Care Partnership, such as treating patients with courtesy and respect, listening to patients, and maintaining privacy.
This document discusses medical legal and quality improvement topics including patient rights, duties of EMTs and medical providers, consent, do not resuscitate orders, and negligence. It addresses the legal system, medical direction, good Samaritan laws, duties to self, partners, patients and others. Patient rights covered include the right to information, choice of providers, emergency services, participation in decisions, nondiscriminatory care, privacy, and complaint resolution. Duties of providers and responsibilities of patients are also outlined.
The document outlines a patient's bill of rights, which includes the right to considerate and respectful care, the right to information about diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and the right to make decisions about their plan of care and refuse treatment. It also covers the rights to privacy, confidentiality, review of medical records, continuity of care, and informed consent regarding research studies. The document states that hospitals must respect patient dignity and values in all activities.
Ethical Issues in Obtaining Informed Consent.pptxAhmed Mshari
Medical ethics is a set of moral principles, beliefs and values that guide decisions about patient care.
It is an integral part of good medical practice.
The health care professional uses knowledge, experience, and judgment and considers the ethical principles to make decisions on management recommendations.
This document discusses end-of-life decision making through advance directives. It defines three types of advance directives: living wills, durable power of attorney for healthcare, and general advance directives. Living wills allow patients to specify treatment preferences if they become terminal or permanently unconscious. Durable power of attorney appoints a healthcare proxy. General advance directives provide instructions and may appoint a proxy. The document outlines requirements, limitations, and the nurse's role in educating patients and ensuring advance directives are documented and followed.
This document discusses informed consent in healthcare. It defines informed consent and its key components, including discussing the treatment plan, risks, benefits, alternatives, and ensuring the patient understands and is free from coercion. The document outlines principles of respecting patient autonomy, doing no harm, acting in their best interest, and fairness. It discusses assessing patient competence and capacity. Special considerations for informed consent in anesthesia are also covered, such as for Jehovah's Witnesses, minors, and pregnant women.
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The document provides information about a zoom session on April 13, 2024 from 1400H to 1500H on High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Management. The objective is for laypeople to have an essential understanding of managing hypertension as part of their health management. The session will include a presentation, group pictures, an online test for a certificate, and feedback in the chat box. [/SUMMARY]
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
2. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have
an understanding
of the BASIC
RIGHTS in Patient
Empowerment.
Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
I have a Patient
Empowerment
Program in which I
like to empower the
lay people or
patients to take
control in the
management of
their health.
3. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have
an understanding
of the BASIC
RIGHTS in Patient
Empowerment.
Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
I launched this PEP
TALK on May 15,
2021 with MODULE
on COVID19.
2nd Module: PATIENT
EMPOWERMENT
3rd Module: PATIENT
MANAGEMENT
PROCESS
4th Module
RIGHTS IN PATIENT
EMPOWERMENT
4. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have
an understanding
of the BASIC
RIGHTS in Patient
Empowerment.
Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
What I have in mind
in my PEP TALK
which may run for 3
years is to empower
at least 30 persons,
with my family
members and my
patients as a
priority. This is my
key performance
indicator.
I hope you will be in
my group of 30.
5. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have
an understanding
of the BASIC
RIGHTS in Patient
Empowerment.
Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
4th Module
RIGHTS IN PATIENT
EMPOWERMENT
2 Parts
• Basic Rights
• Patient
Autonomy and
Advance Directive
6. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have
an understanding
of the BASIC
RIGHTS in Patient
Empowerment.
Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
My PEP TALK today
is entitled: Basic
Rights in Patient
Empowerment.
7. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
The World Health Organization (WHO)
defines patient empowerment as the
process through which people gain
greater control over decisions and actions
affecting their health.
8. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
World Health Organization (WHO) has
identified four components as being
fundamental to the process of patient
empowerment:
•Understanding of their role
•Sufficient knowledge to be able to
engage their healthcare providers
•Patient skills
•Presence of facilitating environment
In the WHO
definition, rights
in patient
empowerment
can be subsumed
at the very least
under
“understanding of
their role.”
9. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
In a Community of Inquiry or survey that I
conducted in June 2021 among 55 Filipino
respondents, we agree that patient
empowerment can be translated in Filipino as
PAGPAPALAKAS NG PASYENTE with the
following 4 strategies (K4):
• KAALAMAN (knowledge and
understanding)
• KAKAYANAN (capability)
• KARAPATAN (rights)
• KAPANGYARIHAN (self-determination).
KARAPATAN
means rights in
patient
empowerment.
10. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Before I go to the rights in patient
empowerment, let me remind everybody that
everyone has the right to health,
which is part of human rights.
Right to health means the states or
countries have the legal obligation
to promote the health of their
citizens.
11. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
The right to health has 2 components:
freedom and entitlement.
Freedom includes rights to control one’s
health and body, including sexual and
reproductive freedom and freedom from
interference such as non-consensual
medical treatment and experimentation.
Entitlement includes access to adequate
health care facilities and services.
12. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
So, rights in patient empowerment
emanate from this human right on health,
specifically on the freedom or right to
gain greater control over decisions and
actions affecting the health of laypeople
or patients.
Every person has the right to make his
own choices with regards to his health
and health care.
13. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patient autonomy means the right
of competent adults to make
informed decisions about their own
medical care.
The principle underlies the requirement
to seek the consent or informed
agreement of the patient before any
investigation or treatment takes place.
In the medical world,
one of the principal
ethical principles
that has been
established and
being observed and
practiced is patient
autonomy.
14. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
So, the foremost right in patient
empowerment is for everybody,
physicians or health care providers
and even relatives included, to
respect patient autonomy.
Again, to repeat, patient autonomy is the
right of all competent adults to make
informed decisions about their own
medical care.
15. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
There are 2 keywords or phrases in the definition
of patient autonomy: “competent adults” and
“informed decisions.”
“Competent adults” means conscious, coherent
and discerning adults.
“Informed decisions” means a permission or no
permission is granted by the competent adults
after proper understanding of the purpose;
options with benefit, risk, cost and availability
data analysis; and consequences of procedures
to be undertaken.
These 2
components or
requirements
must be fulfilled
for patient
autonomy to be
ethically and
legally binding.
16. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patient autonomy should be observed
when a patient is being managed by a
physician in whatever setting, such as
when consulting at the clinic, at the
outpatient departments or inside the
hospital as a confined patient.
Patient autonomy should also be
respected when being managed by
relatives or significant others.
17. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
When being managed by a physician,
patient autonomy should be respected
before any paraclinical laboratory
diagnostic procedure and/or treatment
procedure take place.
18. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
After the patient is properly advised, respecting
patient autonomy can end up either in informed
refusal or informed consent.
With informed refusal, no paraclinical laboratory
diagnostic procedure and/or treatment
procedure are executed.
With informed consent, the agreed paraclinical
laboratory diagnostic procedure and/or
treatment procedure are executed.
19. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
To repeat, before informed refusal and
informed consent are decided upon, the
patient must have proper understanding
of the purpose; options with benefit, risk,
cost and availability data analysis; and
consequences of procedures to be
undertaken.
20. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
In medical practice, exercising patient
autonomy is prominently seen in
situations where terminally-ill patients
have to decide whether to have life-
sustaining treatment or not.
Whatever their decisions, the physicians
will have to abide, thereby respecting
patient autonomy.
21. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
When being managed by relatives or
significant others especially during
terminally-ill stage,
the wish and decision of the
competent-adult patients should be
respected as part of their right to
autonomy.
22. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Aside from patient autonomy, the other rights in
patient empowerment will include entitlements
from physicians managing them and from
hospitals and clinics serving them.
The laypeople or patients should know these
entitlements so that they can demand as part of
their strategies to gain greater control on
decisions and actions affecting their health,
particularly in terms of being recipients of
quality and safe services.
23. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
In my presentation of the other rights in
patient empowerment, I will categorize
them into
• Patient’s Entitlements from Physicians
and
• Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals
and Clinics.
However, let me say that there will be overlaps
with some similarities in both categories. Note
also that I don’t guarantee that I will be able to
list all.
24. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients are entitled to:
•Choose a physician they want to manage them
and corollary to this, change a physician
anytime, without having to justify their
decisions.
•Have a second opinion from another physician
and from other physicians with no limit and
without having to justify their decisions.
25. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients are entitled to:
•Have quality services (patient-centered
compassionate care; equitable care with dignity
and no discrimination; effective, efficient and
timely services; holistic, well-integrated and
well-coordinated services, etc.)
•Have safe medical care with no undue harms
being inflicted on them.
26. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients are entitled to:
•Have right to information related to their health
concerns (on diagnosis; paraclinical diagnostic
procedures and results; treatment; prognosis;
etc.)
•Have participation in care decisions with their
physicians.
•Have informed consent and informed refusal
without prejudice to continuing health care.
27. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients are entitled to:
•Have medical records of their medical
consultations such as physician’s notes and tape
recordings of interactions.
•Keep their medical records from other
physicians and other hospitals and clinics and for
physicians not to get and keep them without
giving back or giving a copy to the patients.
28. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients are entitled to:
•Have no undue long waiting time for medical
consultation (as much as possible there is an
appointment time for the consultation and if
physicians not able to comply, they should
forewarn or advise the patients).
•Have privacy and confidentiality of the medical
consultation.
29. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients are entitled to:
•Know the professional bill or policy of charging
prior to medical consultation.
•Complain about the care and services provided
without fear of reprisal.
30. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
(Note: There are posters entitled Patients’ Rights
and Responsibilities in hospitals and clinics as
required by the Department of Health. These
vary from hospitals to hospitals, not uniform.
Below are my listings.)
31. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
All patients in hospitals and clinics are entitled
to:
•Choose a hospital and/or clinic they want to
serve them and corollary to this, change
anytime, without having to justify their
decisions.
•Have quality and safe health care in accordance
with generally approved medical and hospital
principles (should have Patient Safety Program
and Safe Hospital Initiative).
32. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
All patients in hospitals and clinics are entitled
to:
•Have respect and dignity without
discrimination.
•Have participation in care decisions with their
physicians and other health care professionals.
33. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
All patients in hospitals and clinics are entitled
to:
•Have informed consent and informed refusal
without prejudice to continuing health care.
•Have second opinion from alternate health care
professionals of choice.
34. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
All patients in hospitals and clinics are entitled
to:
•Be asked for consent for additional procedures
to be done on them not included in the initial
prescription of their attending physicians.
•Be asked for consent or refusal to allow
additional physicians to manage them beside
their attending physicians.
35. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
All patients in hospitals and clinics are entitled
to:
•Have privacy and confidentiality of personal
information subject to applicable laws.
•Have right to Information related to their health
concerns and services being done to them.
•Have right to medical records.
36. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
All patients in hospitals and clinics are entitled
to:
•Avail of benefits and privileges in accordance
with government regulations.
•Be billed accurately (patients have to monitor
the medications and procedures done).
•Complain about the care and services provided
without fear of reprisal.
37. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
All patients in hospitals and clinics are entitled
to:
•Be discharged from institution upon their
request and after settlement of accounts.
•Be treated at the Department of Emergency
Medicine without initial deposit.
•Refuse participation in medical research.
38. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
Above, I have presented lists of Patient’s
Entitlements from Physicians and Patients’
Entitlements from Hospitals and Clinics. As I
said, there could be more that I may have
missed. I will update once I recognize the
missing ones.
39. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
I use the word “entitlement” to mean patients
having a legal or ethical right to have or obtain
something from the physicians, hospitals and
clinics.
At the same, they have the right to expect
physicians, hospitals and clinics to act in a
certain way that will promote and facilitate
quality and safe services to them.
40. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
Knowing these entitlements will enable the
patients to look for them, not to say, demand,
which redound to patient empowerment, which
is gaining greater control on decisions and
actions affecting their health.
41. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
However, let me say, that patients should
be proactive aside from expectation of
these entitlements and rights which may
not flow naturally or smoothly to them.
42. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
• They carry a responsibility to make
them happen.
• They should ask and, if needed, they
should demand if they are not being
given the entitlements.
• They have recourses if the rights and
entitlements are not afforded them
and worst, are in violations.
43. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
Here are some recourses that patients can do:
•Remind
•Change physicians, hospitals and clinics as
indicated
•Give feedback and hope for improvement of
services
•File a complaint and hope for improvement of
services
44. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
Complaints can be filed with the hospital
and clinic administration and/or with
external monitoring agencies like the
Professional Regulation Commission
and/or with the courts of law.
45. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
The best promoting and facilitating measure in
seeking and getting the rights in patient
empowerment to enable patients to gain greater
control over decisions and actions affecting their
health
is to look around now, as early as now, for the
right physician, right hospital and right clinic.
Once found, place them in a list of hotline
numbers in the house.
46. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
In case a physician, hospital or clinic is tested to
be undesirable, change right away.
Remember the first right after patient autonomy
is that everybody can choose his physician,
hospital or clinic anytime without having to
justify.
47. Basic Rights in
Patient
Empowerment
Patients’ Entitlements from Physicians
Patients’ Entitlements from Hospitals and
Clinics
So, there you are – the rights in patient
empowerment.
Maximize your knowledge (KAALAMAN) on
these rights.
Maximize your capability (KAKAYANAN) in
seeking for and implementing these rights.
Lastly, maximize your self-determination
(KAPANGYARIHAN) in using the rights in gaining
greater control over decisions and actions
affecting your health.