rock, in geology, naturally occurring and coherent aggregate of one or more minerals. Such aggregates constitute the basic unit of which the solid Earth is composed and typically form recognizable and mappable volumes. Rocks are commonly divided into three major classes according to the processes that resulted in their formation. These classes are (1) igneous rocks, which have solidified from molten material called magma; (2) sedimentary rocks, those consisting of fragments derived from preexisting rocks or of materials precipitated from solutions; and (3) metamorphic rocks, which have been derived from either igneous or sedimentary rocks under conditions that caused changes in mineralogical composition, texture, and internal structure. These three classes, in turn, are subdivided into numerous groups and types on the basis of various factors, the most important of which are chemical, mineralogical, and textural attributes.

49. 1
2
3
4
5
6

51. EXOGENIC
PROCESS
I. WEATHERING
II. MASSWASTING
III. EROSION AND
TRANSPORTATION
IV. DEPOSITION AND
DEPOSITIONAL
V. LANDFORMS

52. EXOGENIC PROCESS
•External process that occur at or near the surface of the
earth
•Part of the rock cycle
•Responsible for transforming rock into sediment
•Includes degradation of process (weathering, mass
wasting. Erosion and transportation) and aggradation
process (deposition)

54. WEATHERING

55. WEATHERING
•The physical breakdown and/or chemical
alteration of rocks at or near Earth’s surface.
•It is a degradation process and does not involve
movements of materials
2Types:
MECHANICAL
CHEMICAL

60. CHEMICAL WEATHERING
•Chemical weathering decomposes rocks through
chemical change.
•The process includes: OXIDATION, HYDROLYSIS,
CARBONATION, SOLUTION AND BIOLOGICAL
ACTION

66. MASS WASTING

69. What is Mass Wasting?
Down-slope movement of rock and soil
under the influence of GRAVITY.

70. •The role of water
•Slopes to steep
•Removal of vegetation
•Earthquakes

75. TYPES OF MASS WASTING

81. EROSION AND TRANSPORTATION

87. GLACIER

90. DEPOSITION AND DEPOSITIONAL
LANDFORMS