Roberta Pellizzoli Ppt
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The document discusses two irrigation schemes in Africa, focusing on gender perspectives. At the Chókwè scheme in Mozambique, competing demands are threatening rural livelihoods based on subsistence farming, especially for women small farmers. Issues include commercialization requirements, lack of markets and funds, and the HIV/AIDS crisis. At the Makuleke scheme in South Africa, the irrigation area benefits some individuals but excludes others, and high chemical usage raises public health concerns. While some note increased security and mutual aid with land titles, gender inequalities from colonial/apartheid times persist and governments prioritize commercial farming over subsistence.
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The privatization of water violates human rights and benefits large corporations at the expense of developing populations. Over 1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water, and water privatization has led to steep price increases, human rights violations, and in some cases wars and riots. While there may be benefits to privatization like cost control, changes must be made to prioritize access to clean water as a basic human right and save millions of lives.
Eliminating both Hunger and Poverty is Possible; A presentation to the United...
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Human Right to Food
The document discusses China's progress in combating hunger and poverty reduction since the 1970s through government policies and economic growth. While great strides have been made in reducing extreme poverty, recent decades have seen a slowing in poverty reduction and limited benefits for the poor from economic growth due to inequities. The concept of the human right to food has not been incorporated into China's strategies, which focus on instant poverty alleviation rather than sustainable approaches. Technical cooperation is suggested to build awareness of the right to food in China.
1.) Do you subscribe to the view that sharecropping is an inefficien.pdf
1.) Do you subscribe to the view that sharecropping is an inefficient form of tenancy in
agriculture? You may argue for or against this view.
2.) Currently, agriculture performs a supporting role in developing world—it supports the urban
industrial sector. Are you satisfied with this role or do you want to advocate a different role for
agriculture?
Solution
1. In my opinion, the system is not inefficient but there are loopholes in its implementation.
For African American families, sharecropping had the advantage of involving less work than
farming had involved during the slave era. Families worked together on a small plot, usually
growing cotton or tobacco. African American sharecroppers worked about one-third fewer hours
than they had as slaves, while women and children worked less than men. Workers were no
longer forced to work as hard as possible until they were exhausted, as they had been under the
slave system. Sharecroppers escaped the gang system and close supervision that had
characterized slave agriculture.
The disadvantages of sharecropping, however, soon became apparent. A new system of credit,
the crop lien, became closely associated with sharecropping. Under this system, a planter or
merchant extended a small line of credit to the sharecropper while taking the year’s crop as
collateral. The sharecropper could then draw food and supplies from the store of the planter or
the merchant. When the crop was harvested, the planter or merchants who held the lien sold the
harvest for the sharecropper and settled the debt. The system depended on the honesty of the
planter.
Sharecropping is a good mode as long as people involved are honest and ethical in their
approach. If one of the party tries to exploit other, it becomes unbearable.
2) This is an impoortant but not the only role for agriculture; Agriculture serves as raw material
provider for agro based industries. It provides employment to a large section of population. It
also acts as demand creating sector for non agriculture sectors.
Importance of agricultural sector can be shown as below:
1. Per capita income is the annual average income of the individuals of a nation. We derive it by
dividing national income on total population. Agricultural sector provides more jobs to
unemployed people. It increases the individuals as well as national income. Agricultural sector is
essential to increase the PCI, which is $ 1254 at present.
2. Agriculture sector provides employment to major portion of our labour force. More than
45.0% of our labour force is directly involved in agriculture sector, while 66.7% of our rural
population is dependent on agriculture. This is the major sector, which provides employment to a
large portion of our population. Agriculture sector is helpful to reduce the unemployment and
disguised unemployment.
3. Agriculture development has significant impact on rural development. If productivity
increases in agriculture it reduces poverty and stimulates non-farm employment, .
Appeal for Herbal Plantations 2008
The villagers of Charda Panchayat in Himachal Pradesh depend on collecting and selling wild herbs for survival. However, overexploitation has led to the disappearance of herbs from their area. With little farmland and few opportunities, they must travel long distances or migrate seasonally to find herbs. Lok Vigyan Kendra, an NGO, helped the villagers of Kut-Batoa village replenish their forests with herbs and establish protection mechanisms. This initiative has led to initial success and two more villages plan to start similar programs. The goal is to make these initiatives self-sustaining and expand to more villages to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable livelihoods.
Beyond Organic Farming - Natueco Farming
This document provides an overview of Natueco farming. Some key points:
1. Natueco farming aims to imitate nature through scientific methods to strengthen farm ecology in a holistic way that addresses issues like reducing dependency on external inputs and working within available resources without harming the environment.
2. It goes beyond organic farming by taking a scientific approach of continuously learning about nature through experiments rather than just trusting nature.
3. The vision is for every farmer to prosper, consumers to be healthy, and nature to thrive, by working in harmony with natural laws through a service-oriented approach rather than commercial exploitation.
4. Young farmers are adopting it and reaping benefits like lower resource use and
Tumusiime Rhoda Peace UNCCD Executive Secretary - Key note speech
This document contains the text of a speech given at a conference on beating famine in Lilongwe, Malawi. It discusses the challenges of land degradation and increasing population pressures on natural resources by 2050 if practices do not change. 2/3 of sub-Saharan Africa's arable land is already degraded, costing $68 billion annually. To meet growing food demands, an additional 4 million hectares would need to be converted to agriculture each year. However, 12 million hectares are lost annually to degradation. The speaker argues for land degradation neutrality and rehabilitating 2 billion hectares of degraded land through sustainable practices to boost food security and resilience. Building smallholder capacity is key to overcoming challenges and beating famine
Water and Peace
This document discusses how lack of access to clean water leads to conflict and outlines ways that Rotarians can help address water issues and promote peace. It notes that 750 million people lack safe water and 2.5 billion lack sanitation, and this disparity has led to many conflicts over water resources. However, the document provides examples of how Rotarian-led water projects have improved access to water, increased cooperation between groups, and created peace in places like Togo, Kenya, India, and Oregon. It argues that Rotarians can help mitigate conflict by convening discussions, strengthening local water management, and implementing sustainable water and sanitation solutions. The document encourages Rotarians to adopt a holistic approach that focuses on both increasing water supply
Gor side event
Farmers, fisher folk, workers and women from Asia-Pacific gathered in Bali to call for an end to the WTO and its free trade agreements. They shared experiences of how WTO policies have undermined food sovereignty, land rights, and social justice. The WTO agreements have imperiled local economies and pushed many communities into deeper poverty by prioritizing corporate interests over local livelihoods. The groups issued a unanimous call to end the WTO in order to protect food sovereignty and local control over resources and rights.
World Water Day 2014
Without water, no life could exist. Water is essential not only for human survival but also underpins all human activities and systems like food production, energy, industry, and more. However, water resources are under increasing stress due to growing demand from population growth, agriculture, and industry coupled with issues like pollution, waste, and climate change. This has led to water scarcity in many regions and increased risks of water conflicts between communities and nations competing for limited water supplies. Better management of water resources through reduced waste, pollution, reuse, and more efficient use could help over 1 billion people escape severe water scarcity.
VILLAGE PROFILE AND MICRO PLANNING, Etah, Uttar Pradesh
This is the report of the Baseline Survey (BLS) of Village- Mubarakpur Nibarua, Block-Sakit, Dist.-Etah, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.). It is one of the 107452 identified villages of the Uttar Pradesh. The Survey has been sponsored by a solar energy solutions company Urja Unlimited for exploring development deficit in the availability of electricity for development of basic amenities such as housing, drinking water, sanitary toilets etc. and critical linkages like lightings on roads, schools, banks, markets etc. It also intends to identify artisanal income generating activities for villagers.
Why we are in crisis
Pakistan has abundant water resources from glaciers and rivers, supporting the world's largest irrigation system. However, over 10 million people still need food assistance and livelihood support. The constitution guarantees food security, but Pakistan remains underdeveloped and malnourished. This is largely due to blame games between politicians and the persistent feudal system. Feudal lords illegally divert canal water and exploit poor farmers through low wages and land grabs. They also prevent education to maintain control. Urgent action is needed to address these major problems of feudalism and political inaction in order to support farmers and improve food security.
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This document discusses changes in the balance of power in the Nile Basin, including the addition of South Sudan as a new riparian state, new infrastructure projects like the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, and Ethiopia taking a more assertive stance. It argues that upstream states are gaining bargaining power and challenging the historical status quo dominated by Egypt through counter-hegemonic actions. There is a debate around whether the Cooperative Framework Agreement and shift towards more bilateral and trilateral cooperation represents a new paradigm that could tip the balance of power towards upstream states.
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This document discusses the political dynamics around water sharing in the Nile River Basin. It notes that the basin covers 10 riparian states and 160 million people. Historically there have been tensions between upstream and downstream states over issues like uneven water distribution and inequitable utilization. The document outlines how Egypt had dominated decisions around Nile water usage as the main downstream state. However, it suggests recent political changes like South Sudan's independence and the Egyptian revolution may shift power dynamics and lead upstream states to push for more influence over Nile water governance.
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- 5. HICEP Chokwe Union of Farmers’ Associations CIC-Batà Spanish Cooperation WUA JICA Japanese Cooperation World Bank and donors Ministry of Agriculture Biofuel producers
- 6. Views from HICEP... «in the irrigation scheme all the production has to be for commercialisation, not for subsistence» «the water fee should increase up to 125 US$ in order to balance all the expenses. This will happen when rehabilitation is finished» «if you live in a luxury house you have to deserve it and to take good care of it» «everyone should produce rice! But small farmers would rather grow vegetables. And if they grow rice, they would sell it to Palmeiras rather than do contract farming for MIA» «small farmers are not efficient, they mainly use irrigated plots for subsistence production. It’s a waste of water. Water users must be efficient producers.»
- 9. Ch ó kwè Union of Farmers'Associations involved in the Spanish cooperation project 0,83 84 309 59 307 0,98 69 35 16 50 Agropem 0,86 55 12 10 19 Zonas Verdes 0,59 87 66 10 45 Casa Agraria 0,76 85 100 17 89 Josina Machel 1 79 19 5 24 IV Congresso 1,02 99 77 1 80 21 de Maio Ha/Member % ♀ ♀ ♂ Ha Association
- 10. WUA established by HICEP 25% 3 9 2,50 12 30 Combatentes da Luta de Liberação Nacional 7% 1 13 21,43 14 300 Produtores Cereais Macarretane 13% 2 13 3,33 15 50 Nhongane 58% 15 11 1,54 26 40 Cocotive 21% 89 340 1,24 429 534 Gajane 42% 83 117 1,31 200 262 Maria Guebuza 43% 90 117 0,61 207 127 Samora Machel 25% 37 113 2,82 150 423 Eduardo Mondlane 30% 142 339 0,95 481 459 Armando Guebuza 47% 226 258 0,67 484 326 Nelson Mandela ♀ % ♀ ♂ Ha/WU n. of water users (WU) ha Water Users Association