The document summarizes Robert and Maria's love in Ernest Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls in reference to the seven stages of love in Sufism. It discusses each stage as depicted between the two main characters: 1) initial attraction, 2) infatuation, 3) expressing love for one another, 4) developing trust, 5) worship through risking her life to join his mission, 6) madness in dreaming of their future together before the mission, and 7) death with Robert's passing while still caring for Maria's well-being.

1. Robert - Maria's love in
reference to seven stages
of love.
-Himanshi Parmar

2. Date :- 13/4/2022
Day :- Wednesday
Time :- 02 - 04:30
Name :- Himanshi parmar.
Roll number :- 8
Enrollment number :- 4069206420210025
Email id : himanshiparmar3004@gmail.com
Paper number :- 108
paper name :- The American Literature.
2

3. Points to ponder
1- What is Sufism?
2- Seven stages of love.
3 - The plot of Novel.
4 - Robert - Maria's love in reference to seven stages of
love.
3

4. What is Sufism?
In the reference of JSTOR Website, Julia Withers’s article titled, Mind and Matter: The
Complementary Nature of Quantum Mechanics to Sufism, i have make this points.
Sufism is religious practice within Islam.
This is mainly focus on Islamic spirituality, ritualism, asceticism and esotericism.
Sufism dates back to the very beginning of the Islamic tradition in the seventh century.
It is not sect of Islame but it is a way of approaching the religion from a more personal, spiritual, and
mystical place.
Click here to read more about Sufism.

5. Seven stages of love
1- Dilkashi (attraction)
2- Uns (infatuation)
3- Ishq (love)
4- Akidat (trust)
5- Ibadat (worship)
6- Junoon (madness)
7- Maut (death)

6. Novel Summary
For Whom The Bell Tolls is the novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1940.
Protagonist of the novel named Robert Jordan is a young American fighter (Volunteer),
working for secret mission blow up a bridge during an attack on the city of Segovia.
He successfully completed his mission with the help of Republican guerrilla group.
During this mission he also met Maria, female protagonist of novel, and they both fall in
love with eachother.
But the novel ends with heartbreaking separation of Maria and Robert with the death of
Robert.
Link of the Movie, click to Watch.

7. “
1- Dilkashi (attraction)
“No, there is no time for girls” said Robert Jordan. (His view before he saw Maria)
Robert Jordan’s life moto is his nation and his secret missions.
First meeting with Maria and attraction towards her.
Same attraction from Maria also.
. She smiled and said, “Hola,Comrade,” and Robert Jordan said, “Salud,” and was careful not to stare
and not to look away.
She has a beautiful face, Robert Jordan thought. She’d be beautiful if they hadn’t cropped her hair.
She sat down opposite him and looked at him.
The girl watched him all through the meal.
He leaned over and dipped his cup full of wine and the girl still watched him.
Page number - 29,30

8. 2- Uns (infatuation)
You have a very beautiful face,” he said to Maria. “I wish I would have had the luck
to see you before your hair was cut.
Anselmo said to her and Robert Jordan realized suddenly that he and the girl were
not alone and he realized too that it was hard for him to look at her because it made
his voice change so.
Good. I have no time for any woman, said Robert Jordan.
He looked at the girl, Maria, and his throat felt too thick for him to trust himself to
speak. (In the answer to gypsy)
Page number - 31, 32

9. 3- Ishq (love)
After the meeting with horse holders, pilar left them Alone and
they make love. Both confess their love for eachother.
Jordan :“I love you,”
“I love thee, Maria.” Robert repeat it thrice in a page number 80.
Same love reflects in page 81 and 82 also. As both confess their love
for eachother.
The third stage of love we find throughout the novel, they kissed
eachother, make physical relationship, they care for eachother
which lead them towards the next stage of love.

10. Though Maria, in novel has recently suffered a traumatic rape and has had
most of her hair shorn off, she trust Robert and give herself entirely to Robert.
She share his worst experience with him because she trust him.
She trust that he is not going to leave him.
Page number 361,362.
4- Akidat (trust)

11. 5- Ibadat (worship)
After the trust the next stage is Ibadat means Worship.
She put her life in danger and joined mission with Robert.
At the last part of novel Also she Persist that she can not leave Robert to die but
stay with him and die.
Maria turned and shouted. “Let me stay! Let me stay!
But you care for Maria.”
“Yes. Suddenly and very much.” said Robert. (Page 103)
Page number :- 475

12. 6- Junoon (madness)
Bofore a day of mission, Maria and Robert were discussing about tomorrow's
mission.
Maria told, pablo said that we all will die tomorrow, and she started dreaming
about the life if they survived.
She madly describing that they will buy a home, they will live good life, with
all the love they has made.
Even when Robert tried to stop her she hasn't stop talking. That shows her
madness for Robert.

13. 7- Maut (Death)
The last stage of love according to Sufism is Maut means Death.
In the case of robert and Maria we can connect Robert's death with this
concept.
“Pilar will take care of her as well as any one can “ Rober was close to death
but still caring not for him. But for maria. Page 476
Also Maria's deep desire to stay with Robert even if she aware about danger
of it, reflects this last stage of love.

14. Thank you.

15. Citation
Ernest, Hemingway. “For Whom the Bell Tolls.” For Whom the Bell Tolls,
The Blakiston Company, 1940,
https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20210122.
Julia, Withers. “(PDF) Mind and Matter: The Complementary Nature of
Quantum ...” Mind and Matter: The Complementary Nature of Quantum
Mechanics to Sufism, Julia Withers, Dec. 2018,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340251193_Mind_and_Matter_Th
e_Complementary_Nature_of_Quantum_Mechanics_to_Sufism.