Oncology & Maxillofacial revisions

1. REVISION SESSION
FOR 6TH YEAR
DR HAPUNDA- CHIBANGA

2. OUTLINE
u CLINICAL CASES
u INVESTIGATIONS IN ENT
u INSTRUMENTS IN AN ENT CLINIC

3. CASE 1
A 10 year old child was having a right mucopurulent otorrea for the last 4 years. A week
ago he became dizzy with a whirling sensation, nausea, vomiting and nystagmus to the
opposite side; his deafness became complete and his temperature was normal. Three
days later he became feverish, irritable and continuously crying apparently from severe
headache. Also he had some neck retraction. The child was not managed properly
and died by the end of the week.
1. What is the probable diagnosis ?
2. Explain the above manifestations in the disease process
3. Further examination &/or investigations
4. Treatment

4. EAR CONDITIONS
u OTITIS MEDIA
u COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA
u OTITIS EXTERNA
u HEARING LOSS IN CHILDREN
u HEARING LOSS IN ADULT
u VERTIGO
u CONDITIONS OF EXTERNAL EAR (infectious and non infectious)
u FACIAL NERVE PALSY

5. CASE 2
u A 30 year old female has been suffering from seasonal nasal obstruction for the last
few years. A watery nasal discharge and attacks of sneezing accompanied this
nasal obstruction. 2 weeks ago she had an attack of common cold, she refused to
have medical treatment and 2 days later she began to develop pain around the
the eyes and a mild fever. She did not receive any treatment and so recently
developed right sided proptosis and diplopia.
1. What is the probable diagnosis ?
2. Explain the above manifestations in the disease process
3. Further examination &/or investigations
4. Treatment

6. Complications of Rhinosinusititis

7. SINONASAL CONDITIONS
u EPISTAXIS
u ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND NON ALLERGIC RHINITIS
u RHINOSINUSITIS
u NASAL POLYPOSIS
u COMPLICATIONS OF RHINOSINUSITIS

8. CASE 3
u A 24 year old male patient presented because of severe pain in the throat and the
left ear that increased with swallowing of sudden onset and 2 days duration. He gave
a history of sore throat and fever a few days prior to the condition. On examination,
the patient looked very ill and has a thickened voice. The temperature was 39.5 C
and the pulse 110/minute. The patient had fetor of the breath and was unable to
open his mouth. There was marked edema of the palate concealing the left tonsil
that was found injected. There was a painful hot swelling located below the left
angle of the mandible. The left tympanic membrane was normal.
1. Provisional diagnosis
2. Differential diagnosis
3. Investigations
4. Treatment

9. PHARYNGOLARYNGEAL
CONDITIONS
u ADENO-TONSILLAR DISEASE
u UPPER RESPIRATORY OBSTRUCTION
u LARYNGEAL PAPILLOMA

10. CASE 4
u A male patient 49 year old presented with the complaint of
enlargement of the upper deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides
of the neck of 6 months duration. The nodes appeared first on the
right side later on the other side. The patient gave a history of
decreased hearing in the right ear that was intermittent but later
became permanent. Recently he developed diminution of hearing
in his left ear, nasal regurge, nasal intonation of voice and recurrent
mild nosebleeds.
1. Provisional diagnosis
2. Differential diagnosis
3. Investigations
4. Treatment

11. CERVICAL TRIANGLES

12. TRIANGLES OF THE NECK

13. u NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
u CARCINOMA OF THE LARYNX
u OROPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
u SINONASAL CARCINOMA

14. NECK ZONES
ZONEIII

15. NECK
u EVALUATION OF A NECK MASS
u DEEP NECK INFECTIONS
u NECK TRAUMA

16. TRACHEOSTOMY
INDICATIONS
COMPLICATIONS
POST OP CARE
DECANNULATION
TYPES OF TRACHEOSTOMY TUBES

17. INDICATIONS FOR TRACHEOSTOMY
Five main categories:
I. Mechanical upper airway obstruction
II. Protection of tracheobronchial tree in patients at risk of aspiration
III. Respiratory failure
IV. Retention of bronchial secretions
V. Elective tracheostomy

18. Tracheostomy tubes

19. IMAGING

23. ENT INSTRUMENTS

31. THE END