(Revised) Safety and Enviromental Impact Reduction Through Equipment Design

 Building a safer, stronger more efficient fleet is an
evolution. It will not happen immediately.
 With each new build are we looking at our historical
failures and how we can eliminate these failures?
 Did we look for ways to improve safety or spill
prevention in our equipment?
 Have we looked at builds from other fields and
contractors for ways to improve our builds?
 Are we being non-biased when assessing equipment
and human interaction? (i.e. Needs of the End User,
Fleet Shop, Materials)
September 14, 2016 2

Arctic Self Clearing
Running Boards
 Traditionally running
boards have had the
slip hazard mitigated
through:
• Studded Anti Slip
Pads & Tape
• Screws in running
boards
• Grip Strut screwed to
running boards
• Aggressive 3 points
of contact policies
 OEM and after
market running
boards in use with
BPXA, CPAI and
contractors have all
experienced slip
related injuries with
varying degrees of
severity.

 In 2008-2009 the Alpine
Equipment Shop designed a
heavy duty, durable running
board.
 The constant replacement of the
OEM running boards was the
primary driving force.
 The final design idea uses 1 ¼” X
3/16” type IWB aluminum bar
grating, 1 ¼” X ¼” aluminum flat
bar & ¼” X 4” aluminum flat bar.
 The 1 ¼” X ¼” flat bar was used
to wrap the bar grating edge to
prevent injury.
 After the first units were installed it
was discovered that this design
did not hold mud, ice, or snow
creating a safer running board.

Side Entry Box Van
Fold Out Step
 In 2014 Alpine designed a new
Kenworth T440 Valve Truck in
place of the old Freightliner
“Bread Van” design.
 The decision to use a
Kenworth chassis was based
on parts availability.
 The decision created stairwell
access problems forcing
Alpine to come up with a
solution other than the
standard RV Step.
 Using knowledge gained from
the pickup running boards
Alpine designed a stout fold
out access step built using
1¼” X 3/16” Type IWB
aluminum bar grating and
square tube to provide a solid,
slip resistant base step.
 Recessed LED pod lighting
activated by opening the
exterior door provides lighting
until the interior lights can be
turned on.

SIDE ENTRY BOX VAN STEP
FOLDED IN
SIDE ENTRY BOX VAN STEP
EXTENDED OUT

 A dash mounted warning light was installed to notify drivers if the
step is in the lowered position.
 This light is pressure switch activated, remaining a low
maintenance layer of safety.

Vac Trailer Rear Dog
House Steps
 Vac trailers produced by
Westmark have a solid,
rear doghouse step with
a poorly engineered
locking mechanism.
 The spring loaded lock
seizes or comes out of
alignment with the
locking hole.
 A better system must be
used if we expect drivers
to protect this needed
component from the
brutal North Slope roads.
 The field engineered
system to solve the rear
step problem is a simple
slide or flip lock.

VAC TRAILER STEP
FOLDED OUT
VAC TRAILER STEP
FOLDED IN AND LOCKED

 During a 2010 refurbishment of an older vac trailer, Alpine recognized the front doghouse access step needed to be
redesigned to provide a safer walking/working surface.
 A full width step, level with the doors, would eliminate a fall or slip risk.
 The design allowed for a second step permitting easier access.
 A flip up access panel in the upper step for allowed easy access to air, electric, and camera connections.
 The design originally allowed for all connections to be run under all access stairs eliminating trip hazards.

Tractor Deck Steps
 Tractor deck stairs and
handrails have specific
challenges when it comes to
design.
 DOT standards/regulations
 Trailer swing.
 Steep, narrow riser design
 Normally, short handrails are
only on the forward side of
the deck and offer the driver
little protection from slips,
trips, and falls.
 To comply with the 3 points of
contact policy upright posts
were welded to the top of a
manufacture’s handrail.
 The upright post has become
the standard answer to steep,
narrow risers.

 In 2010, working with Kenworth & Browns Services, a safer deck access was designed.
 Removing one stair riser allowed the stair risers to be widened, decreasing the angle of the run and permits a
more natural stance for ascending/descending to the tractor deck.
 Angled handrails were added to both sides of the stairwell to allow 3 points of contact.
 The rear handrail protects the operator/mechanics from stepping into the stairwell and a potential fall.
 Lessons learned from incident Alpine had in 2014 prompted changes to the tractor handrail design and create new
best practices for equipment specifications.
• Rear stairwell handrail is removable to accommodate trailer swing (If Needed).
• All tractors will use a 272” wheelbase to eliminate the chance of operator error, unless the application requires a shorter wheelbase.

Space Cap
Removable Rear
Access Steps
 In 2012 Alpine purchased
their first Spacecap.
 Alpine discovered we had
not considered the safe
access to this canopy.
 The Alpine mechanic
shop welder/fitter
modified a standard box
van step design.
 Rather than welding or
bolting to the frame the
step was re-designed to
use the Class V hitch the
connection point.
 The end user can remove
the step for towing
operations if needed, with
no risk to the equipment.

 In 2012 Alpine and Knaphide built a custom utility body to provide a safer access to the bed on our DSO and Weld Trucks.
 The rear passenger side cabinet was removed to add a stairwell with hand rail to provide 3 points of contact.
 This change was to provide our oilers and mechanics safer access to bed mounted equipment (i.e. welders and DSO pumps).
 A custom utility body was chosen to provide the end user the ability to maintain better house keeping practices.
 This design option is now given to all user groups utilizing utility bodies at the time of new equipment acquisition.

Flatbed Access
Stairs
 In 2012 Alpine began
placing steps on the rear of
all flatbed pickups to provide
safer access to the deck.
 The steps created unique
challenges.
• Towing
• Vendor Design
• 3 Points of Contact
• Property Damage
 Most of the challenges have
been overcome with the
exception of 3 Points of
Contact.

 OEM manufactures are starting to understand the emphasis on safety driven by industry end users.
 As a result product selection has become more important.
 In 2013 Alpine chose to try a Volvo MCT135 Skidsteer in place of the standard Bobcat rubber track skidsteer.
 This decision was made based on the side door access improving the safety of our operators entering and exiting the machine.
 The Volvo skidsteer design allows the use of side mirrors (provided OEM) improving visibility for the operator.
• Bobcat T190 = 1900 LBS Operating Load, 7283 LBS Tipping Load, 3250 PSI Hydraulic Pressure
• Bobcat T250 = 2500 LBS Operating Load, 7167 LBS Tipping Load, 3300 PSI Hydraulic Pressure
• Volvo MCT135 = 3000 LBS Operating Load, 8628 LBS Tipping Load, 3350 PSI Hydraulic Pressure

 In most equipment designs ergonomics are only incorporated for the operator.
 Alpine recognized when designing equipment the access and ergonomics for a mechanic was
just as important as for an operator.
 Alpine has made a great effort to provide our mechanics equipment that is designed in a way
to minimize awkward positions, maximize green zone components, exterior access to all
components, and more space to work on componentry.

 By using drop below frame compartments and exterior access design. Alpine was able to
mitigate the hazard of loading grease drums into trucks.
 Alpine also used a locking slide to allow for external loading of grease drums, mitigating soft
tissue injuries, pinch points, and line of fire hazards.
 To further mitigate material handling hazards Alpine intends to purchase (In the future) a Birds
Beak Drum Handler for the J8 mechanics shop to use with their Bobcat Toolcat.

 Alpine purchased a new small mechanics box van (heat and start truck) in 2014.
 A side entry design allowed all frequently used components to be placed to the rear of the truck.
 Moving the components mitigated the trip hazards traditionally seen in rear entry box vans.
 Just like in the larger box vans, all major components (I.E. genset, indirect fired heater, and rotary screw air
compressor) are accessible from the exterior of the truck and mounted on locking slides.

 By once again using the drop below frame compartments, exterior access, and locking slides for side
mounted generators.
 Alpine was able to improve the ergonomics for mechanics working on these generators and mitigate
soft tissue injury and pinch points.
 The locking slide allows for fast safe replacement of any major component (I.E. engine, generator
end, genset) using mechanical means mitigating soft tissue injury, pinch points, and crushing hazards.

 Alpine’s custom weld bodies are an adaptation of a pipeliner weld body.
 Removing the forward drivers side compartment allowed us to mount a welder in a
manner allowing the operator to access all welder controls from ground level.
 The utility body cabinets allow the end user to practice safe housekeeping, allowing an
open work environment for Mechanics and Oilers to access the welder.

 The addition of a double wide, five foot tall cabinet allowed placement of our gas bottles and
regulators safely in a cabinet out of the weather and other potential damage sources.
 This cabinet incorporates a ¼” plate dividing the 2 compartments. Each compartment is
independently vented and equipped with bottle clamps or tie downs.
 The lower bottle height allows the operators to easily load the gas bottles from ground level.

Tank Straight Truck
Lowered Doghouse
 In 2010 Alpine received its
first new tank truck in 5
years.
 The rear doghouse was
lowered placing the
connection points and hose
reels at a more
ergonomically correct height
for the operator.
 The design opened up
space in the doghouse,
allowing more space for
mechanics to work on
componentry in less
awkward positions.
 This has become a
standard for all new builds
done by Alpine.

 The continuous improvement in equipment design for end users and mechanics has lead to a 2015 redesign effort to
build a side compartment chemical truck in cooperation with West-Mark.
 The design allows a user more positive process safety controls and ease of access and the servicing mechanics
improved access to components for mechanics.
 With this design Alpine was also able to increase capacity of the tank from 90BBL’s to 161BBL’s, minimizing the number
of fill transfers and spill potential.
 The increased capacity only increased the truck length1.5 feet beyond a standard 90BBL truck.

Tractor Headache
Rack Hose/Electrical
Connection Bulkhead
 The 2010 tractor
headache rack redesign
incorporated a removable
hose/electrical bulkhead.
 Previously mechanics
worked under the chassis
in between cab and
headache rack.
 The small modification
gave Alpine mechanics
the ability to repair
hydraulic hoses,
electrical/camera cables,
air lines and connections
in a safe and un-cramped
position.

 Process Safety Management improvements in early 2013 Alpine researched flameless heater options.
 In 2014 Alpine purchased two Therm Dynamic TD1200 Heaters after a trial in the 2013 winter season.
 The Therm Dynamic produces heat in two ways
• Primary heat is produced through low pressure hydraulics.
• Secondary heat is converted and recycled from engine exhaust.
 Optional improvements for process safety included Chalwyn Air intake shutdown valves and a brushless
alternators.

Tioga Heater Explosive
Gas Monitor/Run Away
Protection
 Indirect fired heaters have
been a process safety
concern industry wide.
 The concerns have greatly
gone unaddressed (in Alaska)
outside of using the hot work
permit standard.
 In 2013 Alpine did a single
Tioga Refurbish as part of the
PSM program & added two
safety features to the heater.
• Explosive gas monitoring
system
• Engine runaway protection
(Using experience learned
from Therm Dynamic
Heaters)
 Each device has limitations
and added maintenance
requirements.

 The explosive gas monitor is an intrinsically safe gas atmospheric monitor designed to shut down the burner if it senses
gas levels at a dangerous level.
 The explosive gas monitor requires an annual calibration to work properly.
 The Chalwyn air intake shutdown valve provide overspeed shutdown protection for diesel engines.
 The valves completely block the air intake system cutting off an uncontrolled external fuel source and air.
 These are an industry standard used on all equipment utilized in Canadian oil fields.

 A balance of longevity, cost, and traction must be found when purchasing tires.
Traditionally harder compound tires have been used on the slope compromising traction for
longevity.
 In 2009 heavy equipment operators requested the Alpine Equipment Shop find a long lasting
tire that would provide more traction than standard rock lug tires.
 The best solution came in the form of natural rubber or softer synthetic rubber compound
tires.
 On Volvo L120 and smaller loaders Bridgestone VSM Snow Wedge tire was chosen.
 On Volvo L150 and larger loaders Bridgestone VKT V-Steel tire was chosen.
 Both tires have proven to be long lasting and provide a superior form of traction than
previously used tires.

 When Alpine acquired the second Volvo MCT135 Skidsteer Loader
Alpine chose to have it upfit with Bridgestone Polar Tread Tracks.
 This trial is still ongoing but to date the Bridgestone tracks have proven
to be a superior track in all seasons.
Volvo OEMTracks Bridgestone PolarTreadTracks

 Employees and their health are our most important asset.
 At this time we are unable to engineer the noise hazard out of our Vac Trailers.
 Alpine Drilling Support, in an effort to protect themselves and their fellow coworkers,
took it upon themselves to have safety do noise testing and place warning signs on
both front and rear doghouses.
Front Doghouse Rear Doghouse

 Headache racks continued their evolution in 2015 with additional modifications to be made
Brown’s Services during manufacturing.
 Alpine added a framed, drop down screen to the rear window to allow the operator easy
access to clean the rear window.
 Alpine also added outer screens to accommodate the addition of cab corner windows
allowing for better lateral visibility from the cab.

Phase
Condition/Convoy
Strobe Light
 Following an incident
during the 2009-2010 ice
road season, Alpine
began putting blue strobe
beacons on the rear of all
equipment that may be
involved in Phase
Condition Convoys.
 This has become a
standard upfit within
specifications to all
90BBL Trucks,
Vac/Tanker Trailers, and
Boxvans.
 Adding NFPA chevron
striping to the rear of all
90BBL Trucks,
Vac/Tanker Trailers, and
pickup tailgates is also
being researched to
improve visibility.

90BBL Scene
Lighting
 Recognizing most of our
work occurs in the dark the
need for scene lighting to
be readily available was
addressed in 2015.
 For years all box vans and
pickups have been
equipped with work lights.
 In 2015 side lighting was
added to 90BBL Trucks to
compliment the rear work
lights.
 Alpine is using a Vision X
8” X 5” LED light on the
front and rear of both sides
of all tanks.
 This will provide better
lighting for operators at
worksites with limited
lighting.

 Lighting on a is key to employee safety.
 LED rope lights or LED pod lights are included in all Utility Body and Boxvan Cabinets.
 By including cabinet lighting it provides team members the ability to easily see the materials in the space
on the darkest worksites.
 The lighting eliminates the need for bulky headlamps or removing a hand to use a flashlight, and allows
employees to concentrate on the task at hand.

 In response to a recent incident Alpine Drilling Support and Equipment Services decided all new
tractors (starting in 2016) will be equipped with Anti-Glare hoods.
 Alpine was already using anti-glare paint on the front doghouse doors of some of our Vac Trailers.
 If this shows to be of benefit, the project will be expanded to pickups and boxvans in the future.
 Currently this will only be done at time of accusation and not be a retrofit on existing equipment.

 Incidents while backing equipment and light vehicles have plagued the North Slope for many years.
 Alpine has backup cameras on almost all equipment, reducing the number of backing incidents but not
eliminating them.
 In 2016 Alpine will be testing the Brigade Backsence Radar backup system on one new truck in an effort
to eliminate backing incidents.
 This system has great potential for equipment with limited rear visibility.

 In 2014 Pall Filter Corporation discontinued the 8200 series hydraulic return filter and replaced it with the UR319 series.
 Traditionally the hydraulic return filters were mounted to the frame rail of straight trucks.
 Alpine, not having experience with the replacement filter housing, requested Westmark mount these in the rear
doghouse of two new 90BBL trucks.
 Where applicable all hydraulic return filters are mounted where any leaks that may occur can be contained.

Heated Hydraulic
Tanks
 In 2012 Alpine installed Arctic
Fox Hydra Liner glycol
heaters into all tractor
mounted hydraulic tanks.
 Keeping the fluids near
operating temperature
reduces pump wear and
cavitation.
 Reduced spill potential due to
the reduced thermal
expansion and contraction of
seals was a side benefit.
 Hydraulic hoses also
benefited through having
warm fluid run through them
instead of having to exercise
hydraulics before having
warm fluid.
 In 2013 with the introduction
of the AHG the hydraulics are
able to now kept warm while
the primary chassis engine is
not operating.

 Alpine’s redesigned DSO trucks brought redesigned DSO pump units.
 New DSO pumps are fully contained to prevent any fluid release.
 Hose and controls are protected from environmental condition in a sealed cabinet.
 As an added benefit controls and hoses are at an ergonomically correct position for operation
from ground level.

 In 2014 and 2015 Alpine designed two utility bodies requiring day tanks.
 In an effort to minimize potential leaks the forward driver side cabinets were used to contain all componentry less the
pump.
 Both cabinets incorporate containment pans to further mitigate spill potential.
 Added benefit include:
 Reduced hose degradation by not being exposed to environmental conditions and ultraviolet rays.
 Reduced potential of tampering due to the units being concealed.

Double Walled Day
Tanks
 In 2013 Alpine began to
provide double walled
day tanks and bulk tanks
for mobile equipment.
 This provided a layer of
protection from rub
through and puncture on
the tanks while providing
a secondary containment
in the event of primary
tank failure.
 This has become a best
practice on the Alpine
field and all new day tank
or bulk tanks for mobile
equipment are ordered
double walled.

Vac Trailer Air Intake
Shroud
 In the spring/summer months of
2015 Alpine preformed an
experiment to prevent
overheating of the pony motor.
 Through an incident in 2014
(previously addressed) that the
doors of the lake water vac
trailer had to remain open.
 The Alpine Equipment Shop
had an air intake to radiator
duct built to direct the air flow
directly to the radiator which
completely eliminating the
engine overheating issue.
 Alpine is now in the process of
redesigning the front doghouse
of Vac Trailers in all future new
builds and refurbished units.
 Modifications to include:
• Engine moved closer to air
intake
• Thermostatically controlled
louvers
• Modified curbside doghouse
structure to allow lateral slide
out of engine

Gates Chemical
Hose
 In 2009 the Alpine Equipment
Shop Materials found a low
temperature, chemically
compatible hose for use on
our chemical trucks.
 The existing Goodyear Arctic
Flexwing hose was on a 6
month replacement program.
 The Gates Chem Master
Extreme (Formerly Gates
Stallion) was selected.
 Gates was able to meet
compatibility with all
chemicals being transferred,
provided a -40 degree rating,
and still provided hose
flexibility.
 Alpine now replaces chemical
hoses about once every two
years instead of every six
months and has reduced the
risk of internal hose
degradation.

 In 2008 Alpine Equipment
Shop Materials found true
arctic grade, high pressure,
hydraulic hose.
 A field test of Aeroquip,
Parker, and Weatherhead
hoses was conducted.
 After one complete winter
season the results were:
• Aeroquip 5 failed hoses
• Parker 1 failed hose
• Weatherhead 0 failed hoses
 All new equipment purchased
by Alpine is now upfit at the
vendor with the appropriate
arctic grade hose.
 The only high pressure
hydraulic hose used today at
Alpine is the Eaton EC810
(Formerly Weatherhead
H487) rated for -69 degrees
Eaton EC810 Arctic
Grade Hydraulic
Hose

Kenworth T440
Cummins ISL9
 In 2012 Alpine chose a new
model (T440) class 7
Kenworth chassis for their
new valve truck build. This
chassis was chosen for it’s
smaller size and suitability for
a Box Truck.
 By using the Cummins ISL9
Alpine was able to reduce fuel
consumption and emissions.
 Alpine has experienced less
emissions issues than with
tractors with the Cummins
ISX15.
 The smaller engine operates
at higher temperatures,
making it more conducive to a
exhaust filter regeneration.
 This chassis has become the
standard platform for all large
Box Trucks and 90BBL Trucks
unless the application
requires more than 74000
pounds GVWR.

Puritan AHG
 Alpine’s test of 11 Puritan
AHG units has proven to
be successful.
 Alpine has seen on
average a 45%-55%
reduction of operation
time on primary chassis
engines on units
equipped with the AHG.
 The best results are seen
when chassis are upfit
with AHG at time of
acquisition.

 The Puritan AHG allowed Alpine to reduce heavy truck engine operating time by an average of 53% during the 2014-2015 ice road season.
 With an average of 53% reduced operating time Alpine will be able to extend replacement schedules having a large impact upon the way capital budgets are spent.
 Alpine was able to reduce fuel costs by $100,288.80 across 8 units, an average fuel savings of $12,536.10 per unit. (Based on $4.00 per gallon)
 Averaged AHG hourly cost of operation (fuel & maintenance) is $2.83.
 Largest benefits seen when the AHG is installed at time of equipment acquisition.
 Larger savings are expected as the project continues and expands to other applications.
 To make this work Alpine needed involvement from management to equipment operator.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Chassis
Engine
Hours
AHG
Hours
Combined
Hours
Engine Hours
Chassis Engine Burns 3 GPH
AHG Burns 0.3 GPH
0.00
1,000.00
2,000.00
3,000.00
4,000.00
AHG Maintenance Cost per
Unit
AHG
Maintainance
Cost

 In 2015 Alpine received two new 5500 Gallon Tank Trucks. One Diesel/Urea Dispensing Truck and one Potable Water
Truck.
 Each was equipped with dual heating system.
 The new Diesel/Urea Dispensing unit was done out of necessity.
 Chassis mounted AHG provides heat to the chassis, tanks, and doghouses without the main chassis engine operating.
 The primary chassis engine mounted Liquid Heat Generator maintains the primary engine at operating temperature
allowing for a cleaner burning engine and better regeneration.

 Tier 4 engines in non-mobile equipment bring a new challenge as to how to maintain engine and exhaust temperatures
in the arctic.
 In early 2015 Alpine received their first Final Tier 4 Generator equipped with a engine mounted Liquid Heat Generator.
 By doing this the engine is kept under constant load maintaining proper operating temperatures and increasing exhaust
gas temps.
 With the increased exhaust gas temperatures wet stacking is eliminated and efficient engine regeneration occurs.

 By the end of September 2015 Alpine will have replaced the generator
on their 150 Ton Linkbelt Crane with a 24 volt AHG tied into the upper
engine.
 A 12 volt AHG will still need to be placed on the 150 Ton Linkbelt Crane
for the carrier engine to see maximum benefit.
 Alpine is exploring testing some pickups upfit with Ventech Liquid Heat
Generators in an attempt to increase exhaust gas temperatures to
improve engine regeneration. This will also improve cab heat.
 In the future a 2 cylinder AHG may be used in boxvans with invertors to
provide heat and 12 volt power to the chassis engine, cab, and box.
 Alpine is exploring the option of retrofitting Boxvan generators with
Ventech Liquid Heat Generators in turn making the generator a Heat
Generator. This would maximize their existing infrastructure.

Diesel/Urea
Dispensing Truck
 In an effort to improve
efficacy Alpine built a
Diesel/Urea Dispensing
Truck delivered in the
spring of 2015
 This is a duel tank (1000
Gallon Front Urea Tank
and 4500 Gallon Rear
Diesel Tank).
 Front tank is heated in
the winter months via
duel heating system
(AHG for non-operating
and Liquid Heat
Generator for operating).
 Heat system incorporates
thermostatically
controlled valves to
prevent overheating of
urea.

 Side mounted dispensing compartment was chosen to prevent accidental cross contamination of equipment tanks.
 Urea nozzle is a OPW 21Gu with Mis-Filling Prevention Device to prevent accidental cross contamination of equipment
tanks.
 All stainless steel plumbing, pump, and hose reel are used to prevent corrosion.
 Titan Logix level gauge with overfill prevention was used to prevent accidental bulk tank overfill.
 A cat heater tied into the AHG heating circuit was used to maintain heat in the side cabinet to prevent freezing of the Urea.

 Using a drop below frame rear doghouse opens space for mechanics to access plumbing and mechanical componentry.
 Alpine uses Cim-Tek water absorbing filters plumbed in parallel to prevent water contamination in equipment.
 All plumbing is stainless steel with Victaulic gaskets for added ease of removal of components.
 Titan Logix level gauge with overfill prevention was used to prevent accidental bulk tank overfill.
 An Arctic Rated (-65 Degrees) OPW 7H diesel nozzle was used. (non-standard 7H nozzle)
 Three Magnalight 12 volt LED explosion proof were used in the rear doghouse for improved lighting and longevity.

 Building a safer and environmentally responsible fleet takes time. It is an
evolution.
 We must be able to see deficiencies within our builds and be willing to correct
those deficiencies in future builds.
 The input of end users and mechanics is vital to building a user friendly fleet.
 We must encourage our end users and mechanics to look for ways to improve
our equipment and share those thoughts with us.
 Equipment Management Professionals must keep an open mind and leave
behind the “we have done it this way for 20 years” mentality.
 We will never make equipment perfect for everyone, but it does not mean we
do not try.

 Cultures will drive how fleets develop. Alpine’s fleet developed as a
result of the cultural shift.
 In the current economic state we will need to find a balance between
Safety, Environmental, and Cost.
 Each Fleet Manager will need to decide where of these three items
fall in priority.
 Cost will always maintain a high priority, but expectations have been
raised on providing safe and environmentally responsible equipment.

Contact Steve Lehmer
Office 907/670-4410
Cell 907/841-4146
Or
Alpine Equipment Shop
670-4054
Greg Hoeft/Dave Madden

(Revised) Safety and Enviromental Impact Reduction Through Equipment Design

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