Transport infrastrucure and transport services are organized and carried out with a cross border perspective more often nowadays compared to earlier. This is a presentation around these issues made in relation to a Baltic Sea Region/Trans Governance meeting in Helsinki on September 18

1. Experiences of governance
and transport in the
Öresund region
Björn Hasselgren, September 18, 2013,
BSR Trans Governance, Helsinki

2. Institutional level and change
(Williamson, 2000)
INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS – Language, Culture, Customs
Spontaneous 100- 1000 y
Social theory
INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT – Property rights, legal systems
Get the institutional setting right 10 - 100 y
Economics of property rights/political theory
GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE - Governance, contract
Get the governance structures right 1-10 y
Transaction cost theory
RESOURCE ALLOCATION – Prices, incentives
Get the marginal conditions right Continuous
Neo-classical theory

3. Commercial and Guardian syndromes – and
”monstrous hybrids”
Jane Jacobs
”Systems of Survival”
Commerce Syndrome Guardian Syndrome
• Shun force
• Compete
• Be efficient
• Be open to
inventiveness and
novelty
• Use initiative and
enterprise
• Come to voluntary
agreements
• Respect contracts
• Dissent for the sake of
the task
• Be industrious
• Be thrifty
• Invest for productive
purposes
• Collaborate easily with
strangers and aliens
• Promote comfort and
convenience
• Be optimistic
• Be honest
• Shun trading
• Exert prowess
• Be obedient and
disciplined
• Adhere to tradition
• Respect hierarchy
• Be loyal
• Take vengeance
• Deceive for the sake of
the task
• Make rich use of
leisure
• Be ostentatious
• Dispense largesse
• Be exclusive
• Show fortitude
• Be fatalistic
• Treasure honor
Tensions between
carriers of
guardian and
commerce
syndromes shape
“monstrous moral
hybrids”

4. From national to local level
Local level
National level
1990 2013
Copenhagen/Malmö,
Helsingborg/
Helsingör
Local initiatives
The Öresund-region
Öresundskommiteen
Sweden and
Denmark
National
agreements

5. Different structures for cooperation
Coexistence Communication CooperationCo-
ordination
Integration
informal formal
Type of
relation
Formality of
the relation
Character of
the relation
(Modified from Institute of Policy Studies 2008:14)
Collaboration
Indepen-
dent units
Compe-
tition
focus
Shared
information
Compe-
tition
upheld
Shared
resources
Compe-
tition
weakened
Shared
working-
efforts
Weak
competiti
on
Shared
responsibili
ty
Weak
competiti
on
Integrated
organi-
sation
No
compe-
tition

6. Transport in the Öresund region
Coexistence Communication CooperationCo-
ordination
Integration
informal formal
Type of
relation
Formality of
the relation
Character of
the relation
Infra-
structure
(Modified from Institute of Policy Studies 2008:14)
Collaboration
Copen-
hagen
Malmö Port
Passengers
Car-drivers
Air
transport

7. Management models (Hayek, Ostrom)
Spontaneous
order
Centralized
planner
Market
failure
Government
failure
Coordinated
Un-coordinated
Centralized
knowledge
Individual
knowledge

8. Some reflections
• Informal institutions are stable over time
• Competition and differences => integration
• Integration ambitions => frustration
• Monstrous moral hybrids a real problem
• Spontaneity or planning?
• Carrot or whip?
• Think like a business firm!

9. What’s in it for BSR Trans Governance?
• No ”one size fits all” solutions
-> governance has to be designed in accordance with
the institutional environment
• The institutional environment changes slowly
–> quick fixes might be easiest to find in day to day
business with a focus on cost reduction
• Integration-games are difficult
–> competition within an internal market is the
method for integration in market economies
• Watch out for monstrous moral hybrids
-> have you experienced any such examples?

10. Björn Hasselgren
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Architecture and the Built Environment
+46-70-762 33 16
bjorn.hasselgren@abe.kth.se
www.kth.se/blogs/hasselgren
@HasselgrenB