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· Question 1
0 out of 2 points
The chi-square statistic is often used in behavioral data to test for relationships between variables. This procedure is based on the null hypothesis of no association or independence. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding this analytic technique?
· Question 2
2 out of 2 points
Multiple logistic regression analysis applies when there is a single dichotomous outcome and more than one independent variable.
· Question 3
2 out of 2 points
For a two-tailed test using z values at the 5% significance level we reject H0:
· Question 4
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following measures is least affected by extreme or outlying values in a dataset?
· Question 5
0 out of 2 points
What is the first summary statistic for a continuous variable?
· Question 6
0 out of 2 points
The following are HDL levels measured in healthy females.
60 63 60 58 60 70 54 72 80 75 78 77
Calculate the range
· Question 7
2 out of 2 points
What is the median blood glucose level of the following data set collected from 8 individuals: 89, 95, 99, 102, 107, 108, 111, and 119?
· Question 8
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following types of bias is most commonly associated with a case-control study?
· Question 9
0 out of 2 points
A study is designed to evaluate the impact of a daily multivitamin on students’ academic performance. One hundred sixty students are randomly assigned to receive either the multivitamin or a placebo and are instructed to take the assigned drug daily for 20 days. On day 20, each student takes a standardized exam and the mean exam scores are compared between groups. This study is an example of a
· Question 10
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following is true about a positively skewed distribution of data?
· Question 11
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following types of mutation describes a point mutation?
· Question 12
2 out of 2 points
“Agent Orange” was used in Vietnam by the U.S. military as a:
· Question 13
2 out of 2 points
Health consequences of secondhand tobacco smoke have been persistently observed. There is biological plausibility of exposure to secondhand smoke causing adverse neurodevelopmental effects in children whose parents smoke. Which of the following statements is (are) accurate concerning the health effects of secondhand smoke?
· Question 14
2 out of 2 points
The first large-scale use of DDT occurred in Italy in 1943 when the insecticide was used for dusting refugees in a successful attempt to prevent an outbreak of a deadly disease spread by body lice which frequently occurs under wartime conditions of overcrowding and poor sanitation. What disease did DDT prevent in this situation?
· Question 15
2 out of 2 points
About ranges .
Question 1 of 254.0 PointsWhen assessing a positive relationship.docxteofilapeerless
Question 1 of 25
4.0 Points
When assessing a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and oral cancer using a case-control study, increasing the sample size of the study will result in which of the following
Reset Selection
Question 2 of 25
4.0 Points
The measure of the benefit to the population derived by modifying a risk factor is the:
Reset Selection
Question 3 of 25
4.0 Points
An approach to estimating the effects due to the single exposure factor is to compute the:
Reset Selection
Question 4 of 25
4.0 Points
A statistical association may be causal or noncausal. In addition, many diseases require that more than one factor be present for disease to develop. Examples of multiple causation models include:
Reset Selection
Question 5 of 25
4.0 Points
You are investigating the role of physical activity in heart disease and suggest that physical activity protects against having a heart attack. While presenting these data to your colleagues, someone asks if you have thought about confounders such as factor X. This factor X could have confounded your interpretation of the data if it
Reset Selection
Question 6 of 25
4.0 Points
The strategy which is not aimed at reducing selection bias is:
Reset Selection
Question 7 of 25
4.0 Points
The purpose of a double-blind study is to
Reset Selection
Question 8 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following is not a method for controlling the effects of confounding in epidemiologic studies
Reset Selection
Question 9 of 25
4.0 Points
Surgeons at Hospital A report that the mortality rate at the end of a one-year follow-up after a new coronary bypass procedure is 15%. At Hospital B, the surgeons report a one-year mortality rate of 8% for the same procedure. Before concluding that the surgeons at Hospital B have vastly superior skill, which of the following possible confounders would you examine?
Reset Selection
Question 10 of 25
4.0 Points
Sensitivity and specificity of a screening test refer to its:
Reset Selection
Question 11 of 25
4.0 Points
Lead time bias is best described as:
Reset Selection
Question 12 of 25
4.0 Points
The adverse consequences of using a screening test which has a low specificity include:
Reset Selection
Question 13 of 25
4.0 Points
The degree of agreement between several trained experts refers to
Reset Selection
Question 14 of 25
4.0 Points
A test that determines whether disease is actually present is a:
Reset Selection
Question 15 of 25
4.0 Points
A person with an inapparent infection
Reset Selection
Question 16 of 25
4.0 Points
The epidemiological triangle considers which factor(s) in the pathogenesis of disease:
Reset Selection
Question 17 of 25
4.0 Points
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published an article concerning the high rate of foot fungal disease in New Orleans. The article explains that there has been a high rate of foot fungal disease in New Orleans for decades. Foot fungal disease in New Orle.
The Role of Risk Stratification and Biomarkers in Prevention of CVDCTSI at UCSF
Presented by Mark Pletcher, MD, MPH, at UCSF's symposium "The Role of Risk Stratification and Biomarkers in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease" in Jan 2012.
1.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the following informationYou.docxchristiandean12115
1.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the following information:
You are called to investigate a possible health problem in an office building that may be due to a potential environmental toxin. You arrange with a company that occupies two levels of the building to follow all 300 office employees for 30 days. Every day the employees report their health status. Nothing happens until day 10, when 35 employees report of respiratory distress. On day 20, 70 employees report of respiratory distress. The remaining employees do not report any problems over the 30 day period.
What is the incidence rate of respiratory distress in this study population?
a. 1.4 per 100 person-days
b. 2.1 per 100 person-days
c. 2.8 per 100 person-days
d. 1.0 per 100 person-days
1 point
2.
What is the cumulative incidence of respiratory distress over a 30-day period?
a. 35%
b. 65%
c. 11.6 per 100 person-days
d. 35 per 100 person-days
1 point
3.
Question 3 is based on the following data among women in the United States (US)
3.Based on the information provided, what can you conclude about the crude mortality rate from cervical cancer among women 30-49 years of age in the US?
a. The crude mortality rate from cervical cancer among women 30-49 years of age was 1.2 times higher in 1980 than in 2000.
b. The crude mortality rate from cervical cancer among women 30-49 years of age was the same in 1980 as it was in 2000.
c. The crude mortality rate from cervical cancer among women 30-49 years of age was 1.2 times higher in 2000 than in 1980.
d. The crude mortality rate from cervical cancer among women 30-49 years of age cannot be calculated either for 1980 or 2000.
1 point
4.
Questions 4 and 5 are based on the following information:
Imagine researchers have developed a new rapid screening test for tuberculosis, which they hope will replace the sputum culture (reference standard). To pilot this new test, 1,000 participants were given both test.
Rapid test result
Sputum culture test result
Positive
Negative
Positive
120
360
Negative
30
490
4. What is the specificity of the new rapid test for detecting tuberculosis (tuberculosis is defined as positive for sputum culture test)? Show your work, and report your answer as a percent rounded to the percent’s tenths decimal place (i.e., to the nearest 0.1%). (If no work is shown, half credit will be deducted from the grading of your response to this question, even if your final answer is correct.)
Enter Answer
Your answer will appear here.
1 point
5.
If the true prevalence of tuberculosis were to decrease in the above study population, what effect would this have on the positive predictive value of the new rapid test for detecting tuberculosis?
a. The positive predictive value would increase.
b. The positive predictive value would decrease.
c. The positive predictive value would not change.
d. The impact on the positive predictive value would depend on the sensitivity.
1 point
6.
Which of the following options best represents the term “incubat.
Question 1 of 254.0 PointsWhen assessing a positive relationship.docxteofilapeerless
Question 1 of 25
4.0 Points
When assessing a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and oral cancer using a case-control study, increasing the sample size of the study will result in which of the following
Reset Selection
Question 2 of 25
4.0 Points
The measure of the benefit to the population derived by modifying a risk factor is the:
Reset Selection
Question 3 of 25
4.0 Points
An approach to estimating the effects due to the single exposure factor is to compute the:
Reset Selection
Question 4 of 25
4.0 Points
A statistical association may be causal or noncausal. In addition, many diseases require that more than one factor be present for disease to develop. Examples of multiple causation models include:
Reset Selection
Question 5 of 25
4.0 Points
You are investigating the role of physical activity in heart disease and suggest that physical activity protects against having a heart attack. While presenting these data to your colleagues, someone asks if you have thought about confounders such as factor X. This factor X could have confounded your interpretation of the data if it
Reset Selection
Question 6 of 25
4.0 Points
The strategy which is not aimed at reducing selection bias is:
Reset Selection
Question 7 of 25
4.0 Points
The purpose of a double-blind study is to
Reset Selection
Question 8 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following is not a method for controlling the effects of confounding in epidemiologic studies
Reset Selection
Question 9 of 25
4.0 Points
Surgeons at Hospital A report that the mortality rate at the end of a one-year follow-up after a new coronary bypass procedure is 15%. At Hospital B, the surgeons report a one-year mortality rate of 8% for the same procedure. Before concluding that the surgeons at Hospital B have vastly superior skill, which of the following possible confounders would you examine?
Reset Selection
Question 10 of 25
4.0 Points
Sensitivity and specificity of a screening test refer to its:
Reset Selection
Question 11 of 25
4.0 Points
Lead time bias is best described as:
Reset Selection
Question 12 of 25
4.0 Points
The adverse consequences of using a screening test which has a low specificity include:
Reset Selection
Question 13 of 25
4.0 Points
The degree of agreement between several trained experts refers to
Reset Selection
Question 14 of 25
4.0 Points
A test that determines whether disease is actually present is a:
Reset Selection
Question 15 of 25
4.0 Points
A person with an inapparent infection
Reset Selection
Question 16 of 25
4.0 Points
The epidemiological triangle considers which factor(s) in the pathogenesis of disease:
Reset Selection
Question 17 of 25
4.0 Points
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published an article concerning the high rate of foot fungal disease in New Orleans. The article explains that there has been a high rate of foot fungal disease in New Orleans for decades. Foot fungal disease in New Orle.
The Role of Risk Stratification and Biomarkers in Prevention of CVDCTSI at UCSF
Presented by Mark Pletcher, MD, MPH, at UCSF's symposium "The Role of Risk Stratification and Biomarkers in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease" in Jan 2012.
1.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the following informationYou.docxchristiandean12115
1.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the following information:
You are called to investigate a possible health problem in an office building that may be due to a potential environmental toxin. You arrange with a company that occupies two levels of the building to follow all 300 office employees for 30 days. Every day the employees report their health status. Nothing happens until day 10, when 35 employees report of respiratory distress. On day 20, 70 employees report of respiratory distress. The remaining employees do not report any problems over the 30 day period.
What is the incidence rate of respiratory distress in this study population?
a. 1.4 per 100 person-days
b. 2.1 per 100 person-days
c. 2.8 per 100 person-days
d. 1.0 per 100 person-days
1 point
2.
What is the cumulative incidence of respiratory distress over a 30-day period?
a. 35%
b. 65%
c. 11.6 per 100 person-days
d. 35 per 100 person-days
1 point
3.
Question 3 is based on the following data among women in the United States (US)
3.Based on the information provided, what can you conclude about the crude mortality rate from cervical cancer among women 30-49 years of age in the US?
a. The crude mortality rate from cervical cancer among women 30-49 years of age was 1.2 times higher in 1980 than in 2000.
b. The crude mortality rate from cervical cancer among women 30-49 years of age was the same in 1980 as it was in 2000.
c. The crude mortality rate from cervical cancer among women 30-49 years of age was 1.2 times higher in 2000 than in 1980.
d. The crude mortality rate from cervical cancer among women 30-49 years of age cannot be calculated either for 1980 or 2000.
1 point
4.
Questions 4 and 5 are based on the following information:
Imagine researchers have developed a new rapid screening test for tuberculosis, which they hope will replace the sputum culture (reference standard). To pilot this new test, 1,000 participants were given both test.
Rapid test result
Sputum culture test result
Positive
Negative
Positive
120
360
Negative
30
490
4. What is the specificity of the new rapid test for detecting tuberculosis (tuberculosis is defined as positive for sputum culture test)? Show your work, and report your answer as a percent rounded to the percent’s tenths decimal place (i.e., to the nearest 0.1%). (If no work is shown, half credit will be deducted from the grading of your response to this question, even if your final answer is correct.)
Enter Answer
Your answer will appear here.
1 point
5.
If the true prevalence of tuberculosis were to decrease in the above study population, what effect would this have on the positive predictive value of the new rapid test for detecting tuberculosis?
a. The positive predictive value would increase.
b. The positive predictive value would decrease.
c. The positive predictive value would not change.
d. The impact on the positive predictive value would depend on the sensitivity.
1 point
6.
Which of the following options best represents the term “incubat.
1. Toxic substances can be described by their ability to cause unsandibabcock
1. Toxic substances can be described by their ability to cause unwanted health effects. Which of the following statements best describes risk?
a. Probability that a hazard will occur with specific exposure conditions
b. Weighing the various policy options and selecting the most appropriate regulatory action
c. A statistically derived probability that an adverse effect will occur at a defined exposure level
d. Capacity of a substance to cause an adverse effect in a specific target organ
2. The stages in Longest's policy-making systems model are similar to those in the ___ model commonly used in public health planning.
a. socioecological model
b. logic model
c. PRECEDE-PROCEED model
d. health belief model
3. Socioeconomic status is a social determinant of health that is directly influenced by all of the following except
a. educational attainment.
b. occupational position
c. financial income
d. race and ethnicity
4. Regarding a case-control design, all of the following are accurate, except
a. Recall bias is a potential problem
b. It is possible to have multiple comparison groups
c. Disease rates are compared for subjects with the factor of interest and for those without the factor of interest
d. The proportion of cases with exposure is compared to the proportion of controls with the exposure
e. The odds ratio is the measure of association
5. The following data are ages at death in years for a sample of people who were all born in the same year: 11, 34, 42, 44, 48, 50, 54 55,55,58, 59, 62, 65, 67, 68, 68, 69, 70, 70, 72, 74, 76, 76, 79, 81, 83, 85, 86. What is the mean age at death for these data?
a. 55 years
b. 62.8 years
c. 67 .5 years
d. 70 years
6. This test is used to compare the means from two or more independent groups
a. Chi-square
b. One-sample t-test
c. Paired 1-test
d. ANOVA
7. “The proportion of public health employees with formal training in public health" is a performance measure addressing system ...
a. capacity
b. processes
c. outcomes.
d. outputs.
8. A study investigated the effects of silicone breast implants used during the 1990s and subsequent development of rheumatoid arthritis among women exposed during their reproductive years_ Scientists used hospital data from the study area to trace and contact subjects to participate in the study. Screening consisted of sed rate, rheumatoid factor, and physical exam. An estimate of silicone exposure was determined by reviewing the surgical reports and subsequent patient history. As a result of screening, 27 subjects were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following terms is most appropriate to describe the cases of rheumatoid arthritis identified during the first screening in this study?
a-interval
b. prevalent
c. recurrent
d. incident
9. Which of the following statements is inaccurate regarding behavioral interventions?
a. Maintaining behavior over time is a greater challenge
b. Short-term changes in b ...
NSQIP 9-2007 Noel Eldridge FINAL 92407 for 925.pptxNoel Eldridge
Patient Safety Presentation to 2007 Veterans Health Association NSQIP Meeting - includes information on wrong site surgery, retained surgical items, human factors, and other topics
Dear students get fully solved PGDHHM assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
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-APA-825words-No plagiarism, will check with turnitinjolleybendicty
-APA
-825words
-No plagiarism, will check with turnitin
Introduction to Clinical Epidemiology (401173)
FINAL ASSIGNMENT
Autumn, 2019
Due date: 11.59pm , May 29 2019
This assignment is based on the learning objectives and concepts as described in the Unit Learning Guide. There are 9 questions worth a total of 64 marks and this assignment will contribute 64% towards the total assessment for this subject.
Your assignment should be typed, with adequate space left between questions. Assignments should be submitted via vUWS. Be as concise as possible in your answers, and use the number of marks allocated to each question as a guide for how much to write.
Please note this is an individual exercise.
Late assignments will not be accepted without prior approval.
You are required to answer ALL questions (1-9)
Page 1 of 7
Answer questions 1-2 based on the following scenarios:
Q1: Fred, a 65-year-old obese man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension presents to the GP practice for a follow-up appointment. During the consultation, he asks whether there is a better medication to glicazide and metformin, his oral hypoglycemic medications, which he has been taking to control his blood sugar. His friend has recently been put on a newer oral hypoglycemic medication (Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue), which has been shown to help with weight management in patients with diabetes and obesity. Fred has been finding it very difficult to lose weight for a few years now as he has tried various lifestyle modifications. He asks whether the new oral hypoglycemic medications could be an option for him in weight reduction.
Task [2 marks]
a. Write a focused research question for this particular problem that will help you organise a search of the literature for an answer (use the PICO elements as appropriate).
b. Identify the PICO elements in your research question
Q2: In the past 2 years, as an Infectious Disease Specialist in one of the tertiary hospitals in Australia, you have attended to 23 migrant patients who were referred by their General Practitioners with symptoms not typical of pulmonary tuberculosis. After taking a detailed history and performing appropriate physical examinations, as well as reviewing a range of relevant investigations, you clinically diagnosed and microbiologically confirmed that those patients have multi-drug resistance pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The Public Health Department was notified of disease and the patients were managed accordingly. Now, you and some colleagues from Western Sydney University want to investigate the risk factors for MDR-TB.
Task [2 marks]
a. Write a focused research question for this particular problem that will help you organise a search of the literature for an answer (use the PICO elements as appropriate).
b. Identify the PICO elements in your research question
...
Systematic Reviews: Searching for information on adverse effects by Dr. Su Go...Ann-Marie Roche
In this webinar, Dr. Su Golder, an information specialist at the University of York and with 15 years experience with systematic reviews, covered the following:
- Why we should search for information on adverse effects?
- Why information on adverse effects difficult to search for?
- How we currently search for information on adverse effects?
- How we should search for information on adverse effects?
Public perception on COVID-19 Vaccine(AstraZeneca) uptake presentation-Simon ...SimonMwaringa
Public Perception on Covid-19 ( AstraZeneca) Uptake at University of Eldoret: a case study at University of Eldoret.
2. Coronaviruses: from Animals to Humans
3. Covid-19: How does it affect you?
4. The pandemic "vaccine" development
5. Vaccine Devpt against SARS-CoV-2
6. How two types of COVID-19 Vaccine Work
7. Key features of the spike protein
8. Testing Vaccines
9. An array of Vaccines
10. Perception
11. Justification
12. Objectives
*General Objectives
*Specific Objectives
13. Research Questions
14. Materials and Methods
15. Demographic Characteristic of Respondents
16. Ratio of Male to Female Willingness for COVID-19 Vaccine
17. Immunization Centre Awareness
18. Vaccine Knowledge from Respondents
19. Public Trust in Government's choice of Vaccine
20. Public Trust in Pharmaceutical Companies
21. Vaccination Status of Respondents
22. Influence of Vaccine Uptake by Religious Leaders
23. Safety Concerns towards COVID-19 Vaccine
24. Conspiracies
25. Do you believe in the Conspiracy Theories
26. Conclusion
27. Recommendation
28. End
go to www.medicaldump.com to download this file and check out other medical powerpoints, medical powerpoint templates, medical pdfs and all other medical documents.
Medical Question Answering: Dealing with the complexity and specificity of co...Asma Ben Abacha
"Medical Question Answering: Dealing with the complexity and specificity of consumer health questions and visual questions". Invited talk at the Allen Institute for AI (AI2), Seattle, Washington.
Dr. Asma Ben Abacha.
November 12, 2019.
Review all of the Discussions Conflict Resolution Resources – I.docxzmark3
Review all of the Discussions: Conflict Resolution Resources – Influencers, TED Talks, and Websites. After reviewing all the resources presented, create your thread.
This week, identify the one resource that impacted you the most that you shared and identify one resource that impacted you the most that was shared by one of your peers and make it using 500 words
In your thread:
Introduce your classmates to the resource you shared that is the most impactful
Introduce your classmates to the resource that was shared by one of them that was the most impactful
Explain why you selected these resources
Explain how these resources impacted your thoughts and ideas on conflict resolution
Explain how these resources are personally applicable to you
Use this information to incorporate into the questions:
The resource that I shared that is the most impactful are the influencers Candace Owens and Brandon Tatum. The first influencer is Brandon Tatum he is known for being an American conservative political commentator, former police officer and football player. He Born in Forth Worth, Texas, Tatum was an All-American football player in high school. His father, Bobby Tatum, was a captain in the Fort Worth Fire Department. His great uncle, Jack Tatum, was an Ohio State All-American, NFL All-Pro, and a Super Bowl champion with the Oakland Raiders. Tatum was featured in the US-Army All-American Game, which showcases the top 78 high school football players in the nation. Tatum committed to playing on a full athletic scholarship from the University of Arizona in 2004. Tatum played at Arizona for 5 years and entered the NFL Draft in 2010. After he After going undrafted in the NFL Draft, Tatum became a police officer in Tucson, Arizona. He rose to prominence in early 2016 for a viral video about a campaign rally for U.S. President Donald Trump. Following the rally, he said in the video that he felt unsafe because of those who protested against the event. He went viral a second time in September 2017 for a video where he expressed his opposition to players "taking the knee" during the national anthem at NFL football games. Tatum later then Tatum resigned from the Tucson Police Department in October 2017 to join Liftable Media a conservative content producer that owns and operates The Western Journal and The Conservative Tribune. He then served, as director of urban engagement for the conservative action group Turning Point USA before founding his own media company in late 2019 and sells his own shirts and hats.
The second social media influencer I chose is Candace Owen. She is a American conservative author, political commentator, and activist. She was along with With her siblings, Owens was raised in Stamford, Connecticut, by her grandparents from around the age of 11 or 12, after her parents divorced. She was the third of four children. She said her paternal grandfather Robert Owens, a Black American, was born in North Carolina. Owens is also of Carib.
Review 3 to 4 stories on both the Media Matters (httpmediamatte.docxzmark3
Review 3 to 4 stories on both the Media Matters (
http://mediamatters.org
) and Newsbusters (
newsbusters.org
) websites. What stories did you review? Do the stories noted by each of the organizations as evidence of liberal or conservative bias in the media truly support this argument? Might some individuals argue that the stories noted as evidence of either liberal or conservative bias are actually factual rather than biased? To what extent do you feel media bias is based on each individual’s own ideological position?
.
More Related Content
Similar to Results DisplayedFeedback· Question 10 out of 2 points.docx
1. Toxic substances can be described by their ability to cause unsandibabcock
1. Toxic substances can be described by their ability to cause unwanted health effects. Which of the following statements best describes risk?
a. Probability that a hazard will occur with specific exposure conditions
b. Weighing the various policy options and selecting the most appropriate regulatory action
c. A statistically derived probability that an adverse effect will occur at a defined exposure level
d. Capacity of a substance to cause an adverse effect in a specific target organ
2. The stages in Longest's policy-making systems model are similar to those in the ___ model commonly used in public health planning.
a. socioecological model
b. logic model
c. PRECEDE-PROCEED model
d. health belief model
3. Socioeconomic status is a social determinant of health that is directly influenced by all of the following except
a. educational attainment.
b. occupational position
c. financial income
d. race and ethnicity
4. Regarding a case-control design, all of the following are accurate, except
a. Recall bias is a potential problem
b. It is possible to have multiple comparison groups
c. Disease rates are compared for subjects with the factor of interest and for those without the factor of interest
d. The proportion of cases with exposure is compared to the proportion of controls with the exposure
e. The odds ratio is the measure of association
5. The following data are ages at death in years for a sample of people who were all born in the same year: 11, 34, 42, 44, 48, 50, 54 55,55,58, 59, 62, 65, 67, 68, 68, 69, 70, 70, 72, 74, 76, 76, 79, 81, 83, 85, 86. What is the mean age at death for these data?
a. 55 years
b. 62.8 years
c. 67 .5 years
d. 70 years
6. This test is used to compare the means from two or more independent groups
a. Chi-square
b. One-sample t-test
c. Paired 1-test
d. ANOVA
7. “The proportion of public health employees with formal training in public health" is a performance measure addressing system ...
a. capacity
b. processes
c. outcomes.
d. outputs.
8. A study investigated the effects of silicone breast implants used during the 1990s and subsequent development of rheumatoid arthritis among women exposed during their reproductive years_ Scientists used hospital data from the study area to trace and contact subjects to participate in the study. Screening consisted of sed rate, rheumatoid factor, and physical exam. An estimate of silicone exposure was determined by reviewing the surgical reports and subsequent patient history. As a result of screening, 27 subjects were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following terms is most appropriate to describe the cases of rheumatoid arthritis identified during the first screening in this study?
a-interval
b. prevalent
c. recurrent
d. incident
9. Which of the following statements is inaccurate regarding behavioral interventions?
a. Maintaining behavior over time is a greater challenge
b. Short-term changes in b ...
NSQIP 9-2007 Noel Eldridge FINAL 92407 for 925.pptxNoel Eldridge
Patient Safety Presentation to 2007 Veterans Health Association NSQIP Meeting - includes information on wrong site surgery, retained surgical items, human factors, and other topics
Dear students get fully solved PGDHHM assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
-APA-825words-No plagiarism, will check with turnitinjolleybendicty
-APA
-825words
-No plagiarism, will check with turnitin
Introduction to Clinical Epidemiology (401173)
FINAL ASSIGNMENT
Autumn, 2019
Due date: 11.59pm , May 29 2019
This assignment is based on the learning objectives and concepts as described in the Unit Learning Guide. There are 9 questions worth a total of 64 marks and this assignment will contribute 64% towards the total assessment for this subject.
Your assignment should be typed, with adequate space left between questions. Assignments should be submitted via vUWS. Be as concise as possible in your answers, and use the number of marks allocated to each question as a guide for how much to write.
Please note this is an individual exercise.
Late assignments will not be accepted without prior approval.
You are required to answer ALL questions (1-9)
Page 1 of 7
Answer questions 1-2 based on the following scenarios:
Q1: Fred, a 65-year-old obese man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension presents to the GP practice for a follow-up appointment. During the consultation, he asks whether there is a better medication to glicazide and metformin, his oral hypoglycemic medications, which he has been taking to control his blood sugar. His friend has recently been put on a newer oral hypoglycemic medication (Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue), which has been shown to help with weight management in patients with diabetes and obesity. Fred has been finding it very difficult to lose weight for a few years now as he has tried various lifestyle modifications. He asks whether the new oral hypoglycemic medications could be an option for him in weight reduction.
Task [2 marks]
a. Write a focused research question for this particular problem that will help you organise a search of the literature for an answer (use the PICO elements as appropriate).
b. Identify the PICO elements in your research question
Q2: In the past 2 years, as an Infectious Disease Specialist in one of the tertiary hospitals in Australia, you have attended to 23 migrant patients who were referred by their General Practitioners with symptoms not typical of pulmonary tuberculosis. After taking a detailed history and performing appropriate physical examinations, as well as reviewing a range of relevant investigations, you clinically diagnosed and microbiologically confirmed that those patients have multi-drug resistance pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The Public Health Department was notified of disease and the patients were managed accordingly. Now, you and some colleagues from Western Sydney University want to investigate the risk factors for MDR-TB.
Task [2 marks]
a. Write a focused research question for this particular problem that will help you organise a search of the literature for an answer (use the PICO elements as appropriate).
b. Identify the PICO elements in your research question
...
Systematic Reviews: Searching for information on adverse effects by Dr. Su Go...Ann-Marie Roche
In this webinar, Dr. Su Golder, an information specialist at the University of York and with 15 years experience with systematic reviews, covered the following:
- Why we should search for information on adverse effects?
- Why information on adverse effects difficult to search for?
- How we currently search for information on adverse effects?
- How we should search for information on adverse effects?
Public perception on COVID-19 Vaccine(AstraZeneca) uptake presentation-Simon ...SimonMwaringa
Public Perception on Covid-19 ( AstraZeneca) Uptake at University of Eldoret: a case study at University of Eldoret.
2. Coronaviruses: from Animals to Humans
3. Covid-19: How does it affect you?
4. The pandemic "vaccine" development
5. Vaccine Devpt against SARS-CoV-2
6. How two types of COVID-19 Vaccine Work
7. Key features of the spike protein
8. Testing Vaccines
9. An array of Vaccines
10. Perception
11. Justification
12. Objectives
*General Objectives
*Specific Objectives
13. Research Questions
14. Materials and Methods
15. Demographic Characteristic of Respondents
16. Ratio of Male to Female Willingness for COVID-19 Vaccine
17. Immunization Centre Awareness
18. Vaccine Knowledge from Respondents
19. Public Trust in Government's choice of Vaccine
20. Public Trust in Pharmaceutical Companies
21. Vaccination Status of Respondents
22. Influence of Vaccine Uptake by Religious Leaders
23. Safety Concerns towards COVID-19 Vaccine
24. Conspiracies
25. Do you believe in the Conspiracy Theories
26. Conclusion
27. Recommendation
28. End
go to www.medicaldump.com to download this file and check out other medical powerpoints, medical powerpoint templates, medical pdfs and all other medical documents.
Medical Question Answering: Dealing with the complexity and specificity of co...Asma Ben Abacha
"Medical Question Answering: Dealing with the complexity and specificity of consumer health questions and visual questions". Invited talk at the Allen Institute for AI (AI2), Seattle, Washington.
Dr. Asma Ben Abacha.
November 12, 2019.
Review all of the Discussions Conflict Resolution Resources – I.docxzmark3
Review all of the Discussions: Conflict Resolution Resources – Influencers, TED Talks, and Websites. After reviewing all the resources presented, create your thread.
This week, identify the one resource that impacted you the most that you shared and identify one resource that impacted you the most that was shared by one of your peers and make it using 500 words
In your thread:
Introduce your classmates to the resource you shared that is the most impactful
Introduce your classmates to the resource that was shared by one of them that was the most impactful
Explain why you selected these resources
Explain how these resources impacted your thoughts and ideas on conflict resolution
Explain how these resources are personally applicable to you
Use this information to incorporate into the questions:
The resource that I shared that is the most impactful are the influencers Candace Owens and Brandon Tatum. The first influencer is Brandon Tatum he is known for being an American conservative political commentator, former police officer and football player. He Born in Forth Worth, Texas, Tatum was an All-American football player in high school. His father, Bobby Tatum, was a captain in the Fort Worth Fire Department. His great uncle, Jack Tatum, was an Ohio State All-American, NFL All-Pro, and a Super Bowl champion with the Oakland Raiders. Tatum was featured in the US-Army All-American Game, which showcases the top 78 high school football players in the nation. Tatum committed to playing on a full athletic scholarship from the University of Arizona in 2004. Tatum played at Arizona for 5 years and entered the NFL Draft in 2010. After he After going undrafted in the NFL Draft, Tatum became a police officer in Tucson, Arizona. He rose to prominence in early 2016 for a viral video about a campaign rally for U.S. President Donald Trump. Following the rally, he said in the video that he felt unsafe because of those who protested against the event. He went viral a second time in September 2017 for a video where he expressed his opposition to players "taking the knee" during the national anthem at NFL football games. Tatum later then Tatum resigned from the Tucson Police Department in October 2017 to join Liftable Media a conservative content producer that owns and operates The Western Journal and The Conservative Tribune. He then served, as director of urban engagement for the conservative action group Turning Point USA before founding his own media company in late 2019 and sells his own shirts and hats.
The second social media influencer I chose is Candace Owen. She is a American conservative author, political commentator, and activist. She was along with With her siblings, Owens was raised in Stamford, Connecticut, by her grandparents from around the age of 11 or 12, after her parents divorced. She was the third of four children. She said her paternal grandfather Robert Owens, a Black American, was born in North Carolina. Owens is also of Carib.
Review 3 to 4 stories on both the Media Matters (httpmediamatte.docxzmark3
Review 3 to 4 stories on both the Media Matters (
http://mediamatters.org
) and Newsbusters (
newsbusters.org
) websites. What stories did you review? Do the stories noted by each of the organizations as evidence of liberal or conservative bias in the media truly support this argument? Might some individuals argue that the stories noted as evidence of either liberal or conservative bias are actually factual rather than biased? To what extent do you feel media bias is based on each individual’s own ideological position?
.
Review 1 Sustainable graphic designAs society continues to de.docxzmark3
Review 1: Sustainable graphic design
As society continues to develop, human beings have become more aware of the need to protect the environment. Today graphic designer’s obligation no longer limited in providing design service to our clients. But as a citizen in our society, contemporary designers should consume their career in a sustainable way, which include encouraging their colleagues and clients to follow the same eco-friendly practice.[1] Because without of the Earth’s ecosystems human life would be threatened. Human being is heavily reliant on the essential ecological elements like water and air.
Today, practicing sustainability does not simply mean recycling newspaper and water bottle. Because there is energy input and cost in each step of manufacturing, consuming the product and recycling. The principle of sustainable design has changed from reducing waste and choosing recyclable materials to consider each step in Life Cycle Assessment(LCA). In the book Sustainable Design: A Critical Guide, David Bergman states the concept of sustainability has shifted from its 1960s origins, which mainly emphasized in the phrase “Reduce, reuse, recycle.” Bergaman believes it oversimplified the sustainability we facing.[2] To achieve the goal of design for sustainability, graphic design could consider and utilize LCA to examine their product and each manufacturing process from beginning to end of life phase. A qualified sustainable design must be well-designed to reduce waste and unnecessary cost in each step of LCA, which are raw material extraction, material processing, part manufacturing, assembly, product use and end of life.[3]
The package design for Cereal Revolution by Modern Species is a good example of how contemporary company conducts sustainability through a piece of thoughtful design. In 2012, cereal company issued a line of health, low-calorie cereal called Cereal Revolution. To pair up with the health-friendly goal, design studio Modern Species create a series of cereal package that is eco-friendly. The size of boxes are designed to minimize the shipping cost and storage space, folded in a way that reduces the need for glue, and was printed on 100% recycled paperboard with soy-based inks. The bag inside the box is home compostable cellophane, which can are fully biodegradable.
The thoughtful package of Cereal Revolution showcases enforce sustainability by choosing 100% recyclable martial, eco-friendly soy-based ink, reduce assemble cots and lower the transportation cost. Using recycled materials not only minimized the cost of manufacturing materials but also could benefit the disposal process after the package was consumed. Folding the box in a way that is required less glue to reduce the pollution caused by the assemble process, and choosing this particular size could save energy and space in transportation and storage.
The package design of Cereal Revolution is a successful sustainable graphic design because the designer has .
Reverse Interpreting Lab Results Table 87.2A possible reason why.docxzmark3
Reverse Interpreting Lab Results Table 87.2
A possible reason why the glucose and hemoglobin A1C levels are elevated is because
the pancreas is not producing enough insulin to breakdown glucose. Because the pancreas is not
effectively breaking down enough glucose, the excess glucose in the bloodstream causes nerve
damage especially to the kidneys, where the blood is filtered. The lack of proper blood filtration
because of kidney damage is the reason for the decreased levels of RBCs, platelets, hemoglobin,
platelets, and hematocrit levels. This also is the reason for increased mchc, mcv, and INR values.
Hdl levels are also decreased because of the cardiovascular issues associated with damage to the
blood vessels from continuous high blood sugar. The reason for the decreased level of white
blood cells would most likely be because the body is fighting a disease process most likely
caused by uncontrolled elevated blood sugar levels for an extended period of time.
Since most of the abnormal levels in this table are concurrent with abnormal values
associated with type 2 diabetes that is not well controlled, a good scenario would be that the
patient with these lab values has type 2 diabetes. The patient most likely does not control their
blood sugar well and has most likely had issues with maintaining a decreased blood sugar for an
extended period of time. The nurse would expect the patient to have a diet consisting of high
sugars and carbohydrates. The nurse would also expect the patient to have really white gums,
fatigue, lethargy, no energy, headaches, excessive thirst and hunger, and increased urine output.
Works Cited
Gauci, R., Hunter, M., Bruce, D. G., Davis, W. A., & Davis, T. M. E. (2017). Anemia
complicating type 2 diabetes: Prevalence, risk factors and prognosis. Journal of Diabetes
and Its Complications, 31(7), 1169–1174. https://doi-
org.ezproxy.hsutx.edu:4443/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.04.002
Jin Ook Chung, Seon-Young Park, Dong Hyeok Cho, Dong Jin Chung, Min Young Chung,
Chung, J. O., ... Chung, M. Y. (2017). Anemia, bilirubin, and cardiovascular autonomic
neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Medicine, 96(15), 1–4. https://doi-
org.ezproxy.hsutx.edu:4443/10.1097/MD.0000000000006586
Reverse interpreting results
For this assignment I chose table 87.2. The table shows that the patient has a high blood
glucose and HbA1c. A high blood sugar result is caused by eating too much sugar and
carbohydrates or because of diabetes mellitus. According to Huether (2017), in a person with
diabetes their pancreas does not produce enough insulin to break down the glucose, so the excess
ends up in the blood stream (p. 473). She also states that high HbA1c levels are caused by poor
control of one’s blood sugar. The excess blood sugar in the blood stream causes damage to the
kidneys which in result can lead to anemia. WebMD suggests that anemia can result from kidney
damage because the kidneys do not send out enough erythropoietin. Anemia can result.
Rev. 8.18 GUIDELINES FOR ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS ASSIGNMEN.docxzmark3
Rev. 8.18
GUIDELINES FOR ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT
Using Collins’ work as a model and framework for advanced organizational analysis (and other
references as needed), analyze a system, organization, organization systems and/or subsystems.
Consider each of the concepts proposed by Collins’ breaking down the organizations’ strategic plan,
financial management, organizational structure, leadership, organizational culture, performance
outcomes, etc. Collins’ work is a good foundational text, along with Fifth Discipline (Senge, 1990)
and other related writers and models.
When analyzing an organizational system, along with Collins’ work, consider chaos theory and
complexity science (Wheatley, Porter-O-Grady), learning organizations (Senge), change and
innovation (Gladwell, Rogers, Quinn). If you have not found these references in the required or
recommended course readings, google the names of these authors and learn more about their
contributions to understanding organizational behavior and leading complex systems. Such
references may be useful in arriving at a greater level of understanding of organizations necessary to
truly transform our current health care systems. As part of this analysis, consider interviewing
members of the staff, board members, organizational historians, key administrative personnel (CFO,
CEO, CNE, etc.). If you are not familiar with the organization/system, it will be essential that you
talk to members of the organization who can help you develop a rich understanding of the
leadership, culture, and decision-making patterns. Consider what is written about the organization
and its system in the local paper, regional documents, trade journals, etc. These qualitative methods,
along with review of clinical, financial and other evaluation measures (quantitative measures), will
provide a more holistic perspective of an organizational systems’ performance.
The paper should be carefully written in a formal style, based on primary sources, provide an
integration of ideas, and be 5-6 pages in length, excluding title page & reference list. Organized
flow, logical progression of ideas, and clarity in thought are essential. Please use headings to
separate content. References must be timely; published within the previous five (5) years. Liberal
number of primary and peer reviewed references (minimum of 10).
Deductions:
Papers over the page limit will be penalized by a disregard of content over the page limit.
Scholarship Expectations:
A lack of Scholarship deduction of up to 20% of the total point value of the assignment will be
applied to address such deficiencies as APA errors, Title or Reference page errors, a lack of
clarity and conciseness in writing, grammatical and spelling errors, exceeding the prescribed
page limit, and poor overall writing skills. For example, an assignment worth 15 points could
have a maximum lack of scholarship deduction of 3 points (20% x 15). The amount of.
Revenue recognition
Academic Resource Center
Revenue recognition Page 2
General
► This new guidance will supersede almost all existing revenue guidance under US
GAAP (including industry guides) and IFRS.
► The AICPA has formed various industry task forces to help develop non-authoritative
guidance.
► The FASB and IASB announced the formation of a joint transition resource group
(TRG) that will be responsible for informing the Boards about interpretive issues that
arise as companies implement the revenue standards. The TRG will not issue
guidance.
The FASB and IASB issued new guidance on accounting for revenue
recognition, Revenue Recognition – Revenue from Contracts with
Customers.
► FASB – ASC 606 (ASU 2014-09)
► IASB – IFRS 15
May 2014
Academic Resource Center
Revenue recognition Page 3
General
► ASC 606 applies to both public and non-public entities. For non-public entities, there is
some specific relief related to disclosures, transition and the effective date.
► At the December 5, 2016 AICPA National Conference on Current SEC and PCAOB
Developments, Sylvia E. Alicea, a professional accounting fellow of the office of the chief
accountant (OCA) made the following comments:
“SAB Topic 13 will continue to apply to registrants prior to their adoption of the new
revenue standard so it will continue to be relevant until all registrants have completed their
transition. New guidance will be provided, as needed. However, when OCA evaluates
implementation-related consultations under U.S. GAAP, our starting point is the new
revenue standard (and any subsequent amendments) as issued by the FASB. Therefore, I
believe registrants should also apply that model (as opposed to SAB Topic 13) when
evaluating their revenue arrangements for adoption of Topic 606.”
► IFRS 15 does not specifically apply to non-public entities. These non-public entities may
apply IFRS for Small and Medium-Sized Entities.
Academic Resource Center
Revenue recognition Page 4
Effective date and adoption methods
US GAAP
► For US public entities, certain not-for-profit entities and
certain employee benefit plans, the guidance is effective
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.
Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning
after December 15, 2016.
► All other US entities are required to apply the standard to
annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 but
can also early adopt beginning after December 15, 2016.
IFRS
► The guidance is effective for annual
periods beginning on or after
January 1, 2018.
► Early adoption is permitted. Early
adoption was permitted when IFRS
15 was originally issued.
The adoption methods available for both US GAAP and IFRS include the full retrospective approach
and the modified retrospective approach. These are further explained on the following slide.
Academic Resource Center
Revenue recognition Page 5
Effective date and adoption methods
Key .
ReturnsA return, also known as a financial return is the money m.docxzmark3
Returns
A return, also known as a financial return is the money made or lost on an investment. A return can be expressed nominally as the change in dollar value of an investment over time or as a percentage derived from the ratio of profit to investment. We will cover those ratios below. If we make a profit on our investment or venture, we have a positive return. If we lose money on our investment or venture, we have negative return.
A nominal return is the net profit or loss of an investment expressed in nominal terms (i.e., levels). It can be calculated by figuring the change in value of the investment over a stated time period plus any distributions minus any outlays. Distributions received by an investor depend on the type of investment or venture but may include dividends, interest, rents, rights, benefits, or other cash flows received by an investor. Outlays paid by an investor depend on the type of investment or venture but may include taxes, costs, fees, or expenditures paid by an investor to acquire, maintain, and sell an investment. For example, assume an investor buys $2,000 worth of publicly traded stock, receives no distributions, pays no outlays, and sells the stock two years later for $2,200. The nominal return in dollars is $2,200 - $2,000 = $200.
A percentage return is a return expressed as a percentage. It is known as the return on investment (ROI). ROI is the return per dollar invested and is calculated by dividing the dollar return by the dollar initial investment. This ratio is multiplied by 100 to get a percentage. Assuming a $200 return on a $1,000 investment, the percentage return or ROI = ($200 / $1,000) × 100 = 20 percent.
A holding period return is an investment's return over the time it is owned by a particular investor. Holding period return may be expressed nominally or as a percentage.
Rate of return is the proportion of profit earned from an investment during a periodic interval of time, expressed as a percentage. For example, the return earned during the periodic interval of a month is a monthly return and of a return earned during a year is an annual return.
Returns over periodic internals of different lengths can only be compared when they have been converted to same length intervals. It is customary to compare returns earned during yearlong intervals. Return of capital refers to the recovery of the original investment.
Return Ratios
Companies use different kinds of return ratios to compare one investment option to another one:
· Return on equity (ROE) is a profitability ratio figured as net income divided by average shareholder's equity, which measures how much net income is generated per dollar of stock investment. If a company makes $10,000 in net income for the year and the average equity capital of the company over the same time period is $100,000, the ROE is 10 percent.
· Return on assets (ROA) is a profitability ratio figured as net income divided by average total assets, which measures how much net p.
Retirement usually results in leaving a major life structure—one.docxzmark3
Retirement usually results in leaving a major life structure—one that provided social status, focus, purpose, and economic resources. The potential loss of daily stimulation poses threats to both cognitive and social functioning. Because so much of one’s social status is linked to occupational attainment, leaving a work role is almost like giving up a social identity" (Newman & Newman, 2018).
Given the information and evidence you have read about later adulthood, what are your thoughts about retirement?
Is age a relevant factor in deciding when to retire? If not, what other factors should a person consider?
Describe an approach to retirement that inspires you.
What is your own plan regarding retirement? Do you expect to retire? How does work fit into your sense of life satisfaction? How important is work to your personal identity?
.
RethinkingtheWesternTraditionThe volumes in th.docxzmark3
Rethinking
the
Western
Tradition
The volumes in this series
seek to address the present debate
over the Western tradition
by reprinting key works of
that tradition along with essays
that evaluate each text from
di!erent perspectives.
EDITORIAL
COMMITTEE FOR
Rethinking
the
Western
Tradition
David Bromwich
Yale University
Gerald Graff
University of Illinois at Chicago
Geoffrey Hartman
Yale University
Samuel Lipman
(deceased)
The New Criterion
Gary Saul Morson
Northwestern University
Jaroslav Pelikan
Yale University
Marjorie Perloff
Stanford University
Richard Rorty
Stanford University
Alan Ryan
New College, Oxford
Ian Shapiro
Yale University
Frank M. Turner
Yale University
Allen W. Wood
Stanford University
The Social
Contract and
The First and
Second
Discourses
J E A N - J A C Q U E S R O U S S E A U
Edited and with an Introduction by Susan Dunn
with essays by
Gita May
Robert N. Bellah
David Bromwich
Conor Cruise O’Brien
Yale University Press
New Haven and London
Copyright ! 2002 by Yale University.
Translations of The Discourse on the Sciences and Arts and
The Social Contract copyright ! 2002 by Susan Dunn.
All rights reserved.
This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part,
including illustrations, in any form (beyond that
copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S.
Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public
press), without written permission from the publishers.
Printed in the United States of America by Vail-Ballou Press, Binghamton, New York.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1712–1778.
[Selections. English. 2002]
The social contract ; and, The first and second discourses / Jean-Jacques Rousseau ;
edited and with an introduction by Susan Dunn ; with essays by Gita May . . . [et al.].
p. cm. — (Rethinking the Western tradition)
Includes bibliographical references.
isbn 0-300-09140-0 (cloth : alk. paper) — isbn 0-300-09141-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Political science—Early works to 1800. 2. Social contract—Early works to 1800.
3. Civilization—Early works to 1800. I. Dunn, Susan. II. May, Gita. III. Title. IV. Series.
jc179 .r7 2002
320%.01—dc21 2001046557
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The paper in this book meets the guidelines
for permanence and durability of the Committee on
Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the
Council on Library Resources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Robert N. Bellah is Elliott Professor of Sociology Emeritus at the Univer-
sity of California at Berkeley. He is the author of numerous books, includ-
ing Beyond Belief and The Broken Covenant, and is co-author of Habits of
the Heart and The Good Society.
David Bromwich is Housum Professor of English at Yale University. He is
the author of several books, including Politics by Other Means: Higher
Education and Group Thinking, Skeptical Music: Essays on Modern Po-
etry, and A.
Restraining Overconfident CEOs through
Improved Governance: Evidence from the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Suman Banerjee
College of Business, University of Wyoming
Mark Humphery-Jenner
UNSW Business School, UNSW Australia
Vikram Nanda
Rutgers University and University of Texas at Dallas
The literature posits that some CEO overconfidence benefits shareholders, though high
levels may not. We argue that adequate controls and independent viewpoints provided by
an independent board mitigates the costs of CEO overconfidence. We use the concurrent
passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and changes to the NYSE/NASDAQ listing rules
(collectively, SOX) as natural experiments, to examine whether board independence
improves decision making by overconfident CEOs. The results are strongly supportive:
after SOX, overconfident CEOs reduce investment and risk exposure, increase dividends,
improve postacquisition performance, and have better operating performance and market
value. Importantly, these changes are absent for overconfident-CEO firms that were
compliant prior to SOX. (JEL G23, G32, G34)
Overconfidence can lead managers to overestimate returns and underestimate
risk. The literature suggests that even though some CEO overconfidence
We acknowledge the thoughtful comments of David Hirshleifer (the editor) and two anonymous reviewers.
We thank the seminar participants at University of Calgary, Fudan University, IIMC Kolkota, Kobe University,
Massey University, Nanyang Technological University, National University of Singapore, Peking University
HSBC School of Business, UNSW School of Business, University of Technology Sydney, the J.P. Morgan ESG
Quantferance (2013), American Finance Association Meeting (2015), American Law and Economics Association
Annual Meeting (2014), Asian Bureau of Finance and Economic Research Conference (2014), Australasian
Finance and Banking Conference (2013), Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (2014), Conference on
Global Financial Stability (2013), Financial Management Association Annual meeting (2013), and the Paul
Woolley Conference on Capital Market Dysfunctionality (2014). The paper also benefited from comments
from Itzhak Ben-David, Gennaro Bernille, Oleg Chuprinin, Wai Mun Fong, Jarrad Harford, Gerard Hoberg,
Russell Jame, Jon Karpoff, Asad Kausar, Andy Kim, Jaehoon Lee, Angie Low, Kasper Nielsen, Thomas Noe,
Terrence Odean, Nagpurnanand Prabhala, David Reeb, Anand Srinivasan, Geoffrey Tate, Stephen Taylor, Robert
Tumarkin, John Wald, and Emma Zhang. Suman Banerjee gratefully acknowledges the SUG Tier 1 research
grant from the Ministry of Education, Singapore. Mark Humphery-Jenner acknowledges the support of the ARC
DECRA grant# DE150100895. Supplementary data can be found on The Review of Financial Studies web site.
Send correspondence to Vikram Nanda, Naveen Jindal School of Management, University of Texas at Dallas,
Richardson, TX 75080 & Rutgers University, Rockafeller Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08854; telephone: (404)
769-.
Restorative Justice
Supporting Lectures:
Social Process
Positive Criminology
Punishment
A recent movement in criminology has been the development of “restorative justice.” Some restorative justice programs seek to find alternative forms of punishment, with the goal of better serving the needs of the victim, offender, and community. Often, punishments involving shame or stigma are utilized instead of incarceration.
Prepare a PowerPoint presentation of 8-10 slides that will cover the points listed below. Make use of the “notes” areas to elaborate on the brief points presented on the slide.
How effective are policies of shaming and placing stigmas on individuals in deterring crimes?
Critically evaluate the process of restorative justice, and identify barriers to successful implementation. What factors might hinder a restorative justice effort?
Have any restorative justice models proven to be effective in the United States? Provide an example of a program and analyze its effectiveness.
Relate the idea of restorative justice to the impact of attachments, such as to school and social activities.
How can the lessons learned in this assignment be used to improve existing policies?
Name your PowerPoint presentation SU_MCJ6003_W4_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.ppt. Submit your presentation to the
Submissions Area
by the
due date assigned. Cite sources in APA format on a separate slide.
Week 4 Project
Due April 19 at 11:59 PM
.
Rethinking The Current Inflation Target Range In South Afric.docxzmark3
Rethinking The Current Inflation Target Range In South
Africa
Lumengo Bonga-Bonga, Ntsakeseni Letitia Lebese
The Journal of Developing Areas, Volume 53, Number 2, Spring 2019, pp.
13-27 (Article)
Published by Tennessee State University College of Business
DOI:
For additional information about this article
Access provided by Ebsco Publishing (11 Sep 2018 13:19 GMT)
https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2019.0018
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/702993
https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2019.0018
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/702993
T h e J o u r n a l o f D e v e l o p i n g A r e a s
Volume 53 No. 2 Spring 2019
RETHINKING THE CURRENT INFLATION
TARGET RANGE IN SOUTH AFRICA
Lumengo Bonga-Bonga
Ntsakeseni Letitia Lebese
University of Johannesburg, South Africa
ABSTRACT
Critics argue that inflation targeting is not an appropriate monetary policy framework for
developing countries. They maintain that developing countries are more susceptible to the negative
effects of external shocks due to the uncertainty perceived by investors with respect to their
political and economic stability. It is in this line that this paper assesses whether the 3%-6%
inflation target is the optimal inflation target band in South Africa. To determine the optimal level
of inflation target in South Africa, this paper follows the methodology developed by Ball and
Mankiw (2002), which rests on the premise that there is a short run trade-off between inflation and
unemployment. Ball and Mankiw (2002) show that there exists a level of unemployment that is
consistent with stable inflation. The unemployment level that corresponds with a stable inflation is
known as the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU). Thus, this paper uses an
expectations-augmented Phillips curve to estimate a time-varying NAIRU for South Africa from
1980 to 2015. We use the headline inflation rate and the official unemployment rate based on the
narrow definition to evaluate the appropriateness of the current inflation target range. Quarterly
data from 1980 to 2015 sourced from Quantec is used to this end. The results of the empirical
analysis indicate that, if South Africa were to put in place an inflation target range based on the
NAIRU, it would have to target an inflation rate that ranges from 1.4 to 11.5 percent. This range is
different to the official inflation target of 3% to 6% adopted by the South African Reserve Bank
(SARB). Furthermore, this paper finds that the Phillips curve is not vertical in South Africa, as
actual inflation does not depend solely on inflation expectations. The policy implication of the
findings of this paper is that the South African Reserve Bank should think about revising its current
inflation target, as it is too narrow for an emerging economy. The current low range of inflation
target could have a negative effect on output and unemployment.
Rethinking the Social Responsibility of BusinessA Reason debate fe.docxzmark3
Rethinking the Social Responsibility of Business
A Reason debate featuring Milton Friedman, Whole Foods' John Mackey, and Cypress Semiconductor's T.J. Rodgers.
October 2005 Print Edition Reason Magazine
Thirty-five years ago, Milton Friedman wrote a famous article for The New York Times Magazine whose title aptly summed up its main point: "The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits." The future Nobel laureate in economics had no patience for capitalists who claimed that "business is not concerned 'merely' with profit but also with promoting desirable 'social' ends; that business has a 'social conscience' and takes seriously its responsibilities for providing employment, eliminating discrimination, avoiding pollution and whatever else may be the catchwords of the contemporary crop of reformers."
Friedman, now a senior research fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Paul Snowden Russell Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Chicago, wrote that such people are "preaching pure and unadulterated socialism. Businessmen who talk this way are unwitting puppets of the intellectual forces that have been undermining the basis of a free society these past decades."
John Mackey, the founder and CEO of Whole Foods, is one businessman who disagrees with Friedman. A self-described ardent libertarian whose conversation is peppered with references to Ludwig von Mises and Abraham Maslow, Austrian economics and astrology, Mackey believes Friedman's view is too narrow a description of his and many other businesses' activities. As important, he argues that Friedman's take woefully undersells the humanitarian dimension of capitalism.
In the debate that follows, Mackey lays out his personal vision of the social responsibility of business. Friedman responds, as does T.J. Rodgers, the founder and CEO of Cypress Semiconductor and the chief spokesman of what might be called the tough love school of laissez faire. Dubbed "one of America's toughest bosses" by Fortune, Rodgers argues that corporations add far more to society by maximizing "long-term shareholder value" than they do by donating time and money to charity.
Reason offers this exchange as the starting point of a discussion that should be intensely important to all devotees of free minds and free markets. Comments should be sent to [email protected]
Putting Customers Ahead of Investors
John Mackey
In 1970 Milton Friedman wrote that "there is one and only one social responsibility of business--to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud." That's the orthodox view among free market economists: that the only social responsibility a law-abiding business has is to maximize profits for the shareholders.
I strongly disagree. I'm a businessman and a free market libertarian, but I believe that the .
RestructuringImagine that you are the liaison between the decisi.docxzmark3
Restructuring
Imagine that you are the liaison between the decision makers and the followers and that your role is to communicate potential personnel change initiatives. Using the communication strategies found in the text, what actions will you take to format the conversation with employees regarding the restructuring process?
.
Restructuring Debt DataYour company is in financial trouble an.docxzmark3
Restructuring Debt Data
Your company is in financial trouble and is in the process of reorganizing. Your manager wants to know how you will report on restructuring the debt. Use the following information to help with this assignment.
• Part A
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 108,340
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances 2,866,260
Other receivables 62,150
Operating supplies, at lower of average
cost or market 58,630
Prepaid expenses 446,050
Total Current Assets 3,541,430
PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT (at cost)
Land 1,950,000
Buildings and improvements 2,327,410
Equipment 5,015,660
Other equipment and leasehold improvements 1,645,580
total 10,938,650
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (7,644,430)
Net Property, Plant, and Equipment 3,294,220
OTHER ASSETS
Deposits and other assets 1,000,080
TOTAL ASSETS $ 7,835,730
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable $ 972,160
Accrued liabilities 2,071,270
Accrued claims costs 793,620
Federal and other income taxes 19,710
Deferred income taxes 500
Current maturities of long-term debt and
capital lease obligations 50,610
Short-term borrowings 249,250
Total Current Liabilities 4,157,120
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Capital lease obligation 54,580
Note outstanding 3,000,000
Mortgage outstanding 608,030
Other liabilities 95,860
Total long-term liabilities 3,758,470
Total Liabilities 7,915,590
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Common stock, $.01 par value; authorized
500,000 shares; issued 231,000 shares 2,310
Additional paid-in capital 731,090
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (113,500)
Retained earnings (deficit) (639,180)
Treasury stock (60,580)
Total Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) (79,860)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY $ 7,835,730
• Part B
As stipulated, your company is having financial difficulty and has asked the bank to restructure its $3 million note outstanding. The present note has 3 years remaining and pays a current interest rate of 10%. The present market rate for a loan of this nature is 12%. The note was issued at its face va.
Rethinking security:
A discussion paper
The Ammerdown Group
May 2016
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ammerdown Group brings together practitioners and academics in search of a new
vision for the future of our common peace and security. The group includes participants
from Conciliation Resources, Campaign Against Arms Trade, International Alert, Joseph
Rowntree Charitable Trust, Oxford Research Group, Quaker Peace and Social Witness,
Saferworld, and Three Faiths Forum, as well as independent practitioners, and academics
from the universities of Bradford, Coventry, Kent, Leeds Beckett and Oxford Brookes.
The Ammerdown Group takes its name from the Ammerdown Centre, a retreat and
conference centre in Somerset, where the group meets together. The views expressed
in this document do not necessarily represent those of the Ammerdown Centre’s staff or
trustees, but the Ammerdown Centre fully supports the work of the Ammerdown Group
as part of its charitable commitment to promoting justice, peace and reconciliation and
to facilitating free and open discussion on these issues.
The Ammerdown Group has produced this publication to stimulate debate about the
UK’s approach to security. The group welcomes feedback on the paper and is interested
in working with others to promote further discussion about the security challenges of
the 21st century. For more information, visit rethinkingsecurity.org.uk
The Ammerdown Group, 2016.
This report may be distributed freely for non-commercial purposes. Please cite as:
Ammerdown Group. (2016). Rethinking Security: A discussion paper.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0
International Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0.
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ammerdown Group brings together peacebuilding practitioners and academics concerned about the effects of geopolitics
on the security of people worldwide. The group is seeking a public conversation in search of a new vision for peace and
security. This paper is one contribution. It explores the security strategies of Western states, particularly the UK, and
proposes principles for a more effective approach in the common interest. We welcome responses from all quarters.
To download the complete paper with references please visit rethinkingsecurity.org.uk
A failing response to growing insecurity
People across the world face growing insecurity. Violent conflict is spreading and intensifying,
economic inequality is widening, and the natural ecology on which human life depends is in jeopardy.
The world’s poorest people bear the brunt, while those in rich countries are also increasingly affected.
The preferred responses of Western states are manifestly not working and have often made matters
worse. The UK’s primary response has been to ‘project power’, joining the US and other Western
states in a series of military intervention.
Responsibilities after divorceDo you ever wonder what kind of.docxzmark3
Responsibilities after divorce
Do you ever wonder what kind of Responsibilities couples have to go thru after they go from their divorce? Within my case #8 Responsibilities after divorce Elmer and Doris where married, Elmer had donated a pint of blood that Doris needed during an operation, several years after they had gotten divorced Elmer had an accident and he needed a pint of blood Doris was the only one with the same blood type.
In my opinion, I believe Doris should to the right thing and donate the blood to Elmer. According to the synopsis, there is no moral reason for Doris not to donate because she was a match and had good health. As I grew up, I learned that you should always help people even if you are upset with them or do not talk to them as much as friends. I was also raised to believe that we are all morally obligated to help each other as friends and family in their times of needs. I believe Doris is morally obligated to donate but legally she is not obligated
Doris had no legal obligation to donate the pint of blood for Elmer unless there was a legal clause in their divorce decree. In addition, in this case #8 Elmer current wife was not a match to Elmer’s blood type so Cora could not legally donate because they are not a match.
Doris was the only one Elmer was able to reach at this time and the only one with the match and she was faced with the dilemma on donating blood for Elmer. Everyday people are forced to dill with ethical dilemmas and conflicts. I believe it is our morals and values that guide us on how to deal with them and help us with the choices that we make during our lifetime.
In conclusion, I Believe life teaches us on to treat others, as we want to be treated. I would not want anyone who had the same blood type as I do and say they do not want to for a reason I will feel bad for someone to say that I would help that person if I had that same blood type or any other donation they need.
.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Results DisplayedFeedback· Question 10 out of 2 points.docx
1. Results Displayed
Feedback
· Question 1
0 out of 2 points
The chi-square statistic is often used in behavioral data to test
for relationships between variables. This procedure is based on
the null hypothesis of no association or independence. Which of
the following statements is incorrect regarding this analytic
technique?
· Question 2
2 out of 2 points
Multiple logistic regression analysis applies when there is a
single dichotomous outcome and more than one independent
variable.
2. · Question 3
2 out of 2 points
For a two-tailed test using z values at the 5% significance level
we reject H0:
· Question 4
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following measures is least affected by extreme or
outlying values in a dataset?
3. · Question 5
0 out of 2 points
What is the first summary statistic for a continuous variable?
· Question 6
0 out of 2 points
The following are HDL levels measured in healthy females.
60 63 60 58 60 70 54 72 8
0 75 78 77
Calculate the range
· Question 7
2 out of 2 points
4. What is the median blood glucose level of the following data set
collected from 8 individuals: 89, 95, 99, 102, 107, 108, 111, and
119?
· Question 8
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following types of bias is most commonly
associated with a case-control study?
· Question 9
0 out of 2 points
5. A study is designed to evaluate the impact of a daily
multivitamin on students’ academic performance. One hundred
sixty students are randomly assigned to receive either the
multivitamin or a placebo and are instructed to take the
assigned drug daily for 20 days. On day 20, each student takes a
standardized exam and the mean exam scores are compared
between groups. This study is an example of a
· Question 10
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following is true about a positively skewed
distribution of data?
· Question 11
0 out of 2 points
6. Which of the following types of mutation describes a point
mutation?
· Question 12
2 out of 2 points
“Agent Orange” was used in Vietnam by the U.S. military as a:
· Question 13
2 out of 2 points
Health consequences of secondhand tobacco smoke have been
persistently observed. There is biological plausibility of
exposure to secondhand smoke causing adverse
neurodevelopmental effects in children whose parents smoke.
7. Which of the following statements is (are) accurate concerning
the health effects of secondhand smoke?
· Question 14
2 out of 2 points
The first large-scale use of DDT occurred in Italy in 1943 when
the insecticide was used for dusting refugees in a successful
attempt to prevent an outbreak of a deadly disease spread by
body lice which frequently occurs under wartime conditions of
overcrowding and poor sanitation. What disease did DDT
prevent in this situation?
· Question 15
2 out of 2 points
8. About ranges of tolerance for limiting factors, which of the
following population groups is most sensitive to adverse
environmental conditions?
· Question 16
2 out of 2 points
What is the most common type of genetic mutation in humans?
· Question 17
2 out of 2 points
Which waterborne disease that is caused by a protozoan present
in the intestinal tract of both humans and wild animals may
occur among campers in wilderness areas who unwittingly
swallow pathogenic cysts when they drink unfiltered water from
9. mountain streams?
· Question 18
0 out of 2 points
Long-term, low-level exposure electromagnetic fields may
cause adverse health effects via “chronic” health impacts, or
otherwise influence people’s wellbeing. Scientific knowledge
about the health effects of electromagnetic fields is substantial
and is based on a large number of epidemiological, animal, and
in vitro studies. Many health outcomes have been examined.
Which of the following health outcomes have been consistently
linked with electromagnetic fields?
· Question 19
2 out of 2 points
10. Which of the following teratogens is associated with vaginal
cancer in girls and genital cancer in boys?
· Question 20
0 out of 2 points
What does the term “hazard” refer to?
· Question 21
2 out of 2 points
A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in
the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the
new test are 65% and 75%, respectively. Four hundred people
are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is
11. implemented. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease
among clinic attendees is 15%. Calculate the predictive value of
a positive test.
· Question 22
2 out of 2 points
A total of 850 insulation workers employed between 1940 and
1945 was identified from the personnel records of three large
insulation manufacturing plants in the Midwestern U.S. in 1980.
During the period 1940-1980, 28 deaths from lung cancer were
discovered among the workers. Only eight lung cancer deaths,
however, were reported among a comparable group of 800
coworkers who did not work with insulation during the same
time period. The investigators had hypothesized that exposure
to the insulation material increases the risk of lung cancer.
Which epidemiology study design best represents this
description?
12. · Question 23
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following measures of disease burden is
determined from a screening test?
· Question 24
0 out of 2 points
An epidemiologic survey of skate board injuries in Caseville, a
city with a population of 100,000 (population size at midpoint
(mid-interval) of the year), had the following data for a given
year:
Number of skate boarders in Caseville during any
given month 9,000
Skate board injuries
in Caseville 500
Total number of residents injured from
skate boarding 1,200
Total number of deaths from
skate boarding 50
Total number of deaths from
all causes 900
13. The cause-specific mortality rate from skate boarding was:
· Question 25
2 out of 2 points
The major disadvantage of crude rates is that:
· Question 26
2 out of 2 points
A type of bias that occurs due to measurement error in
assessment of both exposure and disease is:
14. · Question 27
2 out of 2 points
In a trial of a cytotoxic drug for lung cancer treatment, the
investigators reported 6 deaths among 60 patients treated with
this agent, compared with 15 deaths among 58 controls on
placebo. Calculate the attributable benefit of this agent in
reducing lung cancer-related mortality in this population.
· Question 28
2 out of 2 points
In a clinical trial, an important aspect of the study design often
involves the subjects not being aware of their group assignment
with regard to treatment or placebo; this technique is used to
alleviate bias in study results and is known as:
15. · Question 29
2 out of 2 points
A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in
the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the
new test are 65% and 75%, respectively. Four hundred people
are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is
implemented. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease
among clinic attendees is 15%. Calculate the predictive value of
a negative test.
· Question 30
2 out of 2 points
In a case-control study of osteoporosis, 150 women were
enrolled as cases and an equal number as controls. Among the
cases 50 reported low calcium intake, while only 20 of the
16. controls reported low calcium intake. Calculate the odds ratio in
the association between low calcium intake and developing
osteoporosis in this population.
· Question 31
0 out of 2 points
All of the following are commonly used to address quality
chasms in healthcare except:
· Question 32
0 out of 2 points
You are part of a state health department performance
management team tasked to evaluate the effectiveness of local
public health departments statewide. Which of the following
17. planning tools are you most likely to use to guide your
performance measurements?
· Question 33
0 out of 2 points
The first ancient people to implement widespread use of public
health practices were the
· Question 34
0 out of 2 points
While some skills overlap, it is commonly agreed that
leadership and management are distinct functions that require
different skill sets. This is true in public health as well as in
private industry. You are the director of a large voluntary health
18. agency. Which one of the following activities are you likely to
perform in your role as the leader of the organization? (Note:
differentiate this activity from those normally performed by
managers.)
· Question 35
2 out of 2 points
You are the recreation director at a large inner city. You notice
a dramatic drop in attendance in a usually popular aerobics
class shortly after hiring a new instructor. You interview the
dropouts who inform you they don’t like the calisthenics-like
exercise routines the new instructor, a former Marine Corps PT
trainer, uses in the class. This is an example of what type of
program evaluation?
· Question 36
0 out of 2 points
19. Public health infrastructure can be measured in part by:
· Question 37
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following national public health interventions for
the primary prevention of tobacco use is likely to have the
greatest effect?
· Question 38
2 out of 2 points
The Healthy People initiative was introduced in 1979 as a/an:
20. · Question 39
2 out of 2 points
In an attempt to increase diversity in your local public health
department workforce you decide to obtain more information
from candidates than merely their skills and experience. Which
of the following questions can you legally ask in a face-to-face
job interview when the information is not provided on the
application?
· Question 40
2 out of 2 points
The FDA functions as the nation’s largest consumer protection
agency. Among its activities, it investigates and regulates the
21. efficacy and safety of:
· Question 41
2 out of 2 points
The United States spends significantly more on annual per
capita health care costs than other industrialized countries but
has only a mediocre life expectancy rate of its citizens. Which
of the following statements best describes the implication of
this finding?
· Question 42
2 out of 2 points
In the Genesis account of the fall, Eve decides to eat the fruit
offered by the serpent after mentally rehearsing the
22. benefits: “So when the woman saw that the tree was good for
food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was
to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate, and
she also gave some to her husband who was with her, and he
ate” (Gen. 3:6). According to the PRECEDE Model, Eve was
identifying __________ factors of her action.
· Question 43
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements is true about the PRECEDE-
PROCEED Model?
· Question 44
0 out of 2 points
23. “Upstream” public health interventions are typically more
effective than “downstream” ones in mitigating a health
problem. All but one of the following are examples of
“upstream” public health approaches. Which one is it?
· Question 45
2 out of 2 points
Sam wants to maintain a consistent practice of Bible study and
prayer. He has tried doing regular devotions a few times, but
just can’t seem to stay with them. He is now looking for study
resources that might help in stay on track. Which stage of the
Transtheoretical Model of Change is Sam in?
· Question 46
2 out of 2 points
24. An investigator is interested in a behavioral intervention that
will increase self-efficacy in participants. In which of the
following conditions will self-efficacy be an effective
intervention tool in reducing risky behavior and maintaining
healthful behavior?
· Question 47
2 out of 2 points
Which statement and its example is not true about self-efficacy
as it relates to behavior change?
· Question 48
2 out of 2 points
25. As a health education specialist for a large national voluntary
health agency, you are charged with promoting a new internet-
based screening tool for breast cancer risk. It has already been
beta tested and the research has been promising; now the agency
wants to go public with it and encourage its use by the priority
population of at risk women in America. Using diffusion theory
as your guide, you choose to focus your initial promotional
efforts on:
· Question 49
0 out of 2 points
Which part of a SMART objective is missing from the following
learner outcome statement? Use the ABCDE model to guide
your response. “By the end of the class on behavioral theory,
students will accurately recall the stages of change in proper
order, measured by a quiz.”
26. · Question 50
0 out of 2 points
Exam
Which one of the following is not associated with the
PROCEED stage of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model?
· Question 1
0 out of 2 points
What is the most appropriate graphical display for an ordinal
variable?
27. · Question 2
2 out of 2 points
A new non-invasive screening test is proposed that is claimed to
be able to identify patients with impaired glucose tolerance
based on a battery of questions related to health behaviors. The
new test is given to 75 patients. Based on each patient’s
responses to the questions they are classified as positive or
negative for impaired glucose tolerance. Each patient also
submits a blood sample and their glucose tolerance status is
determined. The results are tabulated below.
Screening Test
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Not Impaired
Positive
17
13
Negative
8
37
What is the sensitivity of the screening test?
28. · Question 3
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following is true concerning confounding?
· Question 4
0 out of 2 points
With a binomial distribution with n = 25 and p = 0.48, which is
larger?
· Question 5
0 out of 2 points
29. An experiment is designed to investigate the impact of different
positions of the mother during ultrasound on fetal heart rate.
Fetal heart rate is measured by ultrasound in beats per minute.
The study includes 20 women who are assigned to one position
and have the fetal heart rate measured in that position. Each
woman is between 28 and 32 weeks gestation.
Source of variation
Sums of Squares (SS)
Degrees of Freedom (df)
Mean Squares (MS)
F
F Critical
Between treatments
96.2
3
32.1
4.7
3.24
Error or residual
110.8
16
6.9
Total
207.0
19
Based on the ANOVA results above which of the following is
30. the correct conclusion?
· Question 6
2 out of 2 points
The following are advantages of a prospective cohort study,
except:
· Question 7
2 out of 2 points
Five hundred people are enrolled in a 10-year cohort study. At
the start of the study, 50 have diagnosed CVD. Over the course
of the study, 40 people who were free of CVD at baseline
develop CVD. What is the cumulative incidence of CVD over 10
years?
31. · Question 8
0 out of 2 points
The following are HDL levels measured in healthy females.
60 63 60 58 60 70 54 72 8
0 75 78 77
Calculate the mean
· Question 9
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following measures is least affected by extreme or
outlying values in a dataset?
32. · Question 10
2 out of 2 points
A simple random sample of 25,000 individuals are surveyed to
determine the prevalence of individuals that contracted the flu
in the past year. Assuming 4,250 individuals indicated they had
been diagnosed with the flu at some point in the past year, what
is the prevalence of flu for the past year, as indicated from the
survey participants?
· Question 11
2 out of 2 points
The first large-scale use of DDT occurred in Italy in 1943 when
the insecticide was used for dusting refugees in a successful
attempt to prevent an outbreak of a deadly disease spread by
body lice which frequently occurs under wartime conditions of
33. overcrowding and poor sanitation. What disease did DDT
prevent in this situation?
· Question 12
2 out of 2 points
Why is radon gas in homes considered a problem?
· Question 13
2 out of 2 points
The limit beyond which an environment cannot support a
population is called its:
34. · Question 14
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements about noise is false?
· Question 15
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following foodborne diseases is particularly
worrisome to public health officials because the pathogen
involved can grow quite well at temperatures considerably
lower than those within the “Danger Zone”?
35. · Question 16
0 out of 2 points
Health consequences of secondhand tobacco smoke have been
persistently observed. There is biological plausibility of
exposure to secondhand smoke causing adverse
neurodevelopmental effects in children whose parents smoke.
Which of the following statements is (are) accurate concerning
the health effects of secondhand smoke?
· Question 17
0 out of 2 points
Transport is the dominant means of air pollution in urban areas.
Which of the following is a (are) known source(s) of air
pollution that has been associated with transport?
36. · Question 18
2 out of 2 points
Which waterborne disease that is caused by a protozoan present
in the intestinal tract of both humans and wild animals may
occur among campers in wilderness areas who unwittingly
swallow pathogenic cysts when they drink unfiltered water from
mountain streams?
· Question 19
2 out of 2 points
About ranges of tolerance for limiting factors, which of the
following population groups is most sensitive to adverse
environmental conditions?
37. · Question 20
2 out of 2 points
Lyme disease is a newly recognized ailment transmitted by the
bite of which of these pests?
· Question 21
2 out of 2 points
The major disadvantage of crude rates is that:
· Question 22
38. 2 out of 2 points
Based on the following data, what is the most likely infective
food that caused illness?
People Who Ate Food
People Who Did Not Eat
Food
Sick
Well
Sick
Well
Herring
200
800
100
900
Oysters
300
700
400
600
Spinach
200
800
500
500
Chicken
650
350
100
900
39. · Question 23
2 out of 2 points
A total of 850 insulation workers employed between 1940 and
1945 was identified from the personnel records of three large
insulation manufacturing plants in the Midwestern U.S. in 1980.
During the period 1940-1980, 28 deaths from lung cancer were
discovered among the workers. Only eight lung cancer deaths,
however, were reported among a comparable group of 800
coworkers who did not work with insulation during the same
time period. The investigators had hypothesized that exposure
to the insulation material increases the risk of lung cancer.
Which epidemiology study design best represents this
description?
· Question 24
2 out of 2 points
40. A major health insurance company is considering nationwide
implementation of a test using biomarkers to screen for colon
cancer. The test is delivered in health clinics in two similar
regions of the country, with the following results:
Region A
Region B
Sensitivity
73%
84%
Specificity
86%
97%
What is the most likely cause of the difference in the test’s
sensitivity and specificity between the two regions?
· Question 25
0 out of 2 points
In women with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), a case-control
study was conducted to test the association between DVT and
past exposure to oral contraceptive (OC) use. Based on the data
below, what is the unadjusted odds of exposure to OC use
41. among the cases of women with DVT compared to that among
the controls without DVT?
Oral Contraceptive Use Cases
of DVT Controls
Yes 67
23
No 108
152
Total 175
175
· Question 26
2 out of 2 points
Examples of descriptive epidemiologic studies do not usually
include:
· Question 27
42. 0 out of 2 points
An investigator wants to assess whether smoking is a risk factor
for bladder cancer. Electronic medical records at a city hospital
will be used to identify one hundred patients with pancreatic
cancer. Two hundred patients who are similar but free of
bladder cancer will also be selected. Each participant’s medical
record will be analyzed for smoking history. Which of the
following is not true about this study?
· Question 28
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following measures of disease burden is
determined from a screening test?
43. · Question 29
2 out of 2 points
In a clinical trial, an important aspect of the study design often
involves the subjects not being aware of their group assignment
with regard to treatment or placebo; this technique is used to
alleviate bias in study results and is known as:
· Question 30
0 out of 2 points
A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in
the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the
new test are 65% and 75%, respectively. Four hundred people
are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is
implemented. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease
among clinic attendees is 15%. Calculate the predictive value of
a positive test.
44. · Question 31
0 out of 2 points
While some skills overlap, it is commonly agreed that
leadership and management are distinct functions that require
different skill sets. This is true in public health as well as in
private industry. You are the director of a large voluntary health
agency. Which one of the following activities are you likely to
perform in your role as the leader of the organization? (Note:
differentiate this activity from those normally performed by
managers.)
· Question 32
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following national public health interventions for
the primary prevention of tobacco use is likely to have the
greatest effect?
45. · Question 33
2 out of 2 points
When you are working to identify social determinants of
maternal health in a priority population, you are primarily
operating in the essential public health service area of:
· Question 34
2 out of 2 points
The epidemiologic transition of mortality from communicable to
noncommunicable diseases that occurred in the 18th-19th
centuries, was mainly the result of widespread application of
46. · Question 35
2 out of 2 points
A sentinel health event is one in which public health alarm is
triggered by:
· Question 36
0 out of 2 points
Ancient Israel’s health code, as stated in the biblical book of
Leviticus, is an example of an __________ intervention at the
community level.
47. · Question 37
2 out of 2 points
Your community health coalition is applying for a grant to
address social determinants of health in your neighborhood.
Which of the following would not be appropriate to include in
the application because it is not an example of a social
determinant of health?
· Question 38
2 out of 2 points
You are the recreation director at a large inner city. You notice
a dramatic drop in attendance in a usually popular aerobics
class shortly after hiring a new instructor. You interview the
dropouts who inform you they don’t like the calisthenics-like
exercise routines the new instructor, a former Marine Corps PT
trainer, uses in the class. This is an example of what type of
program evaluation?
48. · Question 39
0 out of 2 points
Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping has become an
indispensable tool in public health needs assessment and
intervention evaluation. It typically analyzes and integrates all
of the following types of data into a digital display except:
· Question 40
0 out of 2 points
In an attempt to increase diversity in your local public health
department workforce you decide to obtain more information
from candidates than merely their skills and experience. Which
of the following questions can you legally ask in a face-to-face
job interview when the information is not provided on the
application?
49. · Question 41
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following theoretical models is likely to help the
most in moving an innovation across the social chasm defined in
diffusion theory?
· Question 42
2 out of 2 points
To be a culturally competent public health professional with a
diverse priority population, you must:
50. · Question 43
2 out of 2 points
Sam wants to maintain a consistent practice of Bible study and
prayer. He has tried doing regular devotions a few times, but
just can’t seem to stay with them. He is now looking for study
resources that might help in stay on track. Which stage of the
Transtheoretical Model of Change is Sam in?
· Question 44
2 out of 2 points
You wish to expand a new exercise program offered as part of
the women’s ministry of your church. The most effective
communication channel to influence attitudesabout participating
is:
51. · Question 45
2 out of 2 points
You are planning a weight control program in your church. You
have assessed the need and interest; you have identified
program goals and outcomes; you have selected resources and
materials; all you have left to do is plan the evaluation. You
choose several measures of process evaluation, some of which
are listed below. Which one of the following would not
be a measure of process evaluation for the program?
· Question 46
0 out of 2 points
“Upstream” public health interventions are typically more
effective than “downstream” ones in mitigating a health
problem. All but one of the following are examples of
“upstream” public health approaches. Which one is it?
52. · Question 47
2 out of 2 points
You are a health counselor in an employee wellness program. In
your intake interviews with employees joining the program, you
identify many cigarette smokers who have never seriously
considered quitting. Which of the following theoretical
frameworks would be most effective in moving them from the
precontemplation to contemplation stage of the Transtheoretical
Model of Change?
· Question 48
2 out of 2 points
Which one of the following is associated with the PROCEED
stage of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model?
53. · Question 49
0 out of 2 points
You are a health educator in a local public health agency. The
principal of a local high school has noticed an increase in
cigarette smoking among its students and has appealed to the
county school board for help. At a school board meeting, the
superintendent asks you for ideas on how to mitigate the
problem. One week later you submit your suggestions, all of
which are shown in the responses below. Which of these is most
likely to have the greatest deterrent effect on smoking among
students in the high school?
· Question 50
2 out of 2 points
54. An investigator is interested in a behavioral intervention that
will increase self-efficacy in participants. In which of the
following conditions will self-efficacy be an effective
intervention tool in reducing risky behavior and maintaining
healthful behavior?
Exam 3
· Question 1
0 out of 2 points
A study is run to estimate the mean Systolic Blood Pressure
level in adults 60 to 80 years of age. A sample of 10
participants is selected and their Systolic Blood Pressure levels
are measured as follows.
125 135 160 146 135 140 154 170 11
0 140
Compute Quartiles 1 and 3
55. · Question 2
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following is true about a positively skewed
distribution of data?
· Question 3
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following types of bias is most commonly
associated with a case-control study?
· Question 4
0 out of 2 points
56. What is the most appropriate graphical display for an ordinal
variable?
· Question 5
2 out of 2 points
A new non-invasive screening test is proposed that is claimed to
be able to identify patients with impaired glucose tolerance
based on a battery of questions related to health behaviors. The
new test is given to 75 patients. Based on each patient’s
responses to the questions they are classified as positive or
negative for impaired glucose tolerance. Each patient also
submits a blood sample and their glucose tolerance status is
determined. The results are tabulated below.
Screening Test
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Not Impaired
Positive
17
13
Negative
8
37
57. What is the false positive fraction of the screening test?
· Question 6
2 out of 2 points
A researcher suspects that the actual prevalence of generalized
anxiety among children and adolescents is higher than the
previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder
among children and adolescents. The previously reported
prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among children and
adolescents is 3.9%, and the researcher conducts a study to test
the accuracy of the previously reported prevalence of
generalized anxiety disorder by recruiting 98 children and
adolescents from various pediatricians’ offices and tests them
for generalized anxiety disorder using the DSM-5. The
researcher determines that the prevalence of generalized anxiety
disorder among the participants of the study is 6.1%. For a level
of significance of 5%, what should the researcher’s decision
rule look like?
58. · Question 7
2 out of 2 points
What is the first summary statistic for a continuous variable?
· Question 8
0 out of 2 points
The following are advantages of a prospective cohort study,
except:
· Question 9
0 out of 2 points
59. A school district has a population of 2,000 students. A
researcher intends to select a small sample of these students for
a study on physical activity. Using a simple random sampling
technique, what is the probability that any of the students in the
school is selected into the sample?
· Question 10
2 out of 2 points
Multiple logistic regression analysis applies when there is a
single dichotomous outcome and more than one independent
variable.
· Question 11
2 out of 2 points
60. About ranges of tolerance for limiting factors, which of the
following population groups is most sensitive to adverse
environmental conditions?
· Question 12
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following would be a likely target of public health
efforts to control breeding of the Asian tiger mosquito?
· Question 13
2 out of 2 points
61. Long-term, low-level exposure electromagnetic fields may
cause adverse health effects via “chronic” health impacts, or
otherwise influence people’s wellbeing. Scientific knowledge
about the health effects of electromagnetic fields is substantial
and is based on a large number of epidemiological, animal, and
in vitro studies. Many health outcomes have been examined.
Which of the following health outcomes have been consistently
linked with electromagnetic fields?
· Question 14
2 out of 2 points
Why is radon gas in homes considered a problem?
· Question 15
2 out of 2 points
62. Transport is the dominant means of air pollution in urban areas.
Which of the following is a (are) known source(s) of air
pollution that has been associated with transport?
· Question 16
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following is not one of the basic steps involved in
risk assessment?
· Question 17
0 out of 2 points
Dioxin is chemically related to polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) and other chlorinated hydrocarbons. All the following
63. are correct about dioxins, except:
· Question 18
2 out of 2 points
In the food chain, which of the following is a (are) producer(s)?
· Question 19
2 out of 2 points
Lyme disease is a newly recognized ailment transmitted by the
bite of which of these pests?
64. · Question 20
2 out of 2 points
Cigarette smoking is the most common cause of lung cancer.
The second leading cause of lung cancer is:
· Question 21
2 out of 2 points
An investigator wants to assess whether smoking is a risk factor
for bladder cancer. Electronic medical records at a city hospital
will be used to identify one hundred patients with pancreatic
cancer. Two hundred patients who are similar but free of
bladder cancer will also be selected. Each participant’s medical
record will be analyzed for smoking history. Which of the
following is not true about this study?
65. · Question 22
0 out of 2 points
In women with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), a case-control
study was conducted to test the association between DVT and
past exposure to oral contraceptive (OC) use. Based on the data
below, what is the unadjusted odds of exposure to OC use
among the cases of women with DVT compared to that among
the controls without DVT?
Oral Contraceptive Use Cases
of DVT Controls
Yes 67
23
No 108
152
Total 175
175
· Question 23
0 out of 2 points
66. In the following table, which value represents “false positives”
in a screening test for diabetes?
Condition According to Gold Standard (True Diagnosis)
Screening Test Result
Positive
Negative
Total
Positive
240
25
265
Negative
15
220
235
Total
255
245
500
· Question 24
2 out of 2 points
67. An outbreak due to exposure of a group of persons to the same
harmful influence common to the individuals in the group is
known as:
· Question 25
0 out of 2 points
Which screening measure best represents the following
statement? Eighty percent of those with diabetes had a positive
screening test.
· Question 26
2 out of 2 points
68. Based on the following data, what is the most likely infective
food that caused illness?
People Who Ate Food
People Who Did Not Eat
Food
Sick
Well
Sick
Well
Herring
200
800
100
900
Oysters
300
700
400
600
Spinach
200
800
500
500
Chicken
650
350
100
900
69. · Question 27
0 out of 2 points
A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in
the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the
new test are 65% and 75%, respectively. Four hundred people
are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is
implemented. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease
among clinic attendees is 15%. Calculate the predictive value of
a negative test.
· Question 28
0 out of 2 points
In a case-control study of osteoporosis, 150 women were
enrolled as cases and an equal number as controls. Among the
cases 50 reported low calcium intake, while only 20 of the
controls reported low calcium intake. Calculate the odds ratio in
the association between low calcium intake and developing
osteoporosis in this population.
70. · Question 29
2 out of 2 points
The capacity of an agent to enter and multiply in a susceptible
host and thus produce infection or disease is:
· Question 30
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following measures of disease burden is
determined from a screening test?
71. · Question 31
2 out of 2 points
The Healthy People initiative was introduced in 1979 as a/an:
· Question 32
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following national public health interventions for
the primary prevention of tobacco use is likely to have the
greatest effect?
72. · Question 33
2 out of 2 points
The CDC administers a range of programs designed to prevent
and control disease, injury, and disability risks on a national
level. Which of the following activities does it not typically do?
· Question 34
2 out of 2 points
Your community health coalition is applying for a grant to
address social determinants of health in your neighborhood.
Which of the following would not be appropriate to include in
the application because it is not an example of a social
determinant of health?
73. · Question 35
0 out of 2 points
Given the responsibility to create an effective public health
intervention on a limited budget, you start by exploring
evidence-based approaches to address your area of interest.
Which of the following published sources provides the best,
most trustworthy evidence?
· Question 36
0 out of 2 points
You are an MPH student intern in a local church. Part of your
assigned tasks is to research the possibility of getting a grant to
fund a new Head Start preschool program in the church. You
find out the following:
74. · Question 37
2 out of 2 points
Mobilizing community partnerships to identify and solve health
problems is:
· Question 38
0 out of 2 points
Public health infrastructure can be measured in part by:
· Question 39
0 out of 2 points
75. The FDA functions as the nation’s largest consumer protection
agency. Among its activities, it investigates and regulates the
efficacy and safety of:
· Question 40
2 out of 2 points
Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping has become an
indispensable tool in public health needs assessment and
intervention evaluation. It typically analyzes and integrates all
of the following types of data into a digital display except:
· Question 41
0 out of 2 points
76. To be a culturally competent public health professional with a
diverse priority population, you must:
· Question 42
2 out of 2 points
An investigator is interested in a behavioral intervention that
will increase self-efficacy in participants. In which of the
following conditions will self-efficacy be an effective
intervention tool in reducing risky behavior and maintaining
healthful behavior?
· Question 43
2 out of 2 points
77. “Upstream” public health interventions are typically more
effective than “downstream” ones in mitigating a health
problem. All but one of the following are examples of
“upstream” public health approaches. Which one is it?
· Question 44
0 out of 2 points
Which aspect of health is not clearly identified in the World
Health Organization’s definition of health?
· Question 45
0 out of 2 points
Which one of the following is associated with the PROCEED
stage of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model?
78. · Question 46
0 out of 2 points
You wish to test the validity of a questionnaire you designed for
use with HIV patients attending a self-care educational
program. The simplest and most common way to do this is by:
· Question 47
2 out of 2 points
You are planning a weight control program in your church. You
have assessed the need and interest; you have identified
program goals and outcomes; you have selected resources and
materials; all you have left to do is plan the evaluation. You
choose several measures of process evaluation, some of which
79. are listed below. Which one of the following would not
be a measure of process evaluation for the program?
· Question 48
0 out of 2 points
Which statement and its example is not true about self-efficacy
as it relates to behavior change?
· Question 49
0 out of 2 points
Which part of a SMART objective is missing from the following
learner outcome statement? Use the ABCDE model to guide
your response. “By the end of the class on behavioral theory,
students will accurately recall the stages of change in proper
80. order, measured by a quiz.”
· Question 50
0 out of 2 points
You are providing prenatal counseling to a first time pregnant
woman who continues to smoke a few cigarettes a day even
after completing a stop smoking program. She explains that her
mother smoked during all of her pregnancies and she and her
siblings turned out fine. Which of the following constructs
should be the initial focus of your attention to help motivate
mental processing leading to her totally quitting smoking?