The document describes a resource allocation example using a serial method. It shows a project schedule network diagram with multiple activities (A, B, C, etc.) that require a single critical resource. The serial method allocates the critical resource to activities one at a time without interruption to determine the minimum project duration needed to complete all activities.
The document is a parts list for a speaker bracket assembly containing 7 items. It lists the item number, quantity, part number, and description for each part. A diagram shows the assembly of the parts into the speaker bracket design.
The document discusses a new technology called AR that can overlay digital images on the real world in real time. AR has applications in fields like education, navigation, and entertainment but also raises privacy concerns if personal data is collected without consent. Further development is still needed to improve AR capabilities and address related ethical issues.
The document lists various chess openings organized by code. It provides the standard first few moves of each opening in algebraic notation. There are over 80 different openings listed ranging from well known openings like the Ruy Lopez and Sicilian Defense to more obscure and rare openings.
The document discusses four methods for estimating activity durations in project management: 1) guessing, 2) using published materials on similar tasks, 3) using a company's historical data on similar past projects, and 4) calculating duration based on labor costs and rates. It then provides an example of estimating duration using labor costs. The document also discusses using a beta distribution and three time estimates to model activity duration variability in PERT analysis.
The document provides information on how to get PMP certification in 3 steps: 1) Commit to a target date and prepare a study plan. Become a PMI member and sign up for training. 2) Prepare well through comprehensive training, practice questions, and visualizing success. 3) Relax and feel confident on exam day, review answers, and celebrate upon passing. It also advertises an online PMP exam preparation training course.
This document provides an overview of project cost management. It covers definitions of key cost management terms, techniques for estimating costs such as analogous estimating, determining a project budget, and controlling costs over the lifetime of a project. The main techniques discussed are estimating costs, setting a cost performance baseline budget, monitoring project performance against the baseline through earned value management, and analyzing variances to manage project costs.
The document describes procedures for updating construction schedules, including:
1) Setting the duration of completed activities to zero and identifying live activities currently in progress.
2) Setting the early start time of live activities to the update time and their remaining durations.
3) Changing durations of future activities as given in the update report and performing network analysis to prepare a new schedule.
Lessons learned are a great way for PMP exam candidates to learn about how best to prepare for the PMP exam. After analyzing dozens of lessons, here are the top 7 recommendations for passing the exam from past students. www.pm-exam-simulator.com
The document is a parts list for a speaker bracket assembly containing 7 items. It lists the item number, quantity, part number, and description for each part. A diagram shows the assembly of the parts into the speaker bracket design.
The document discusses a new technology called AR that can overlay digital images on the real world in real time. AR has applications in fields like education, navigation, and entertainment but also raises privacy concerns if personal data is collected without consent. Further development is still needed to improve AR capabilities and address related ethical issues.
The document lists various chess openings organized by code. It provides the standard first few moves of each opening in algebraic notation. There are over 80 different openings listed ranging from well known openings like the Ruy Lopez and Sicilian Defense to more obscure and rare openings.
The document discusses four methods for estimating activity durations in project management: 1) guessing, 2) using published materials on similar tasks, 3) using a company's historical data on similar past projects, and 4) calculating duration based on labor costs and rates. It then provides an example of estimating duration using labor costs. The document also discusses using a beta distribution and three time estimates to model activity duration variability in PERT analysis.
The document provides information on how to get PMP certification in 3 steps: 1) Commit to a target date and prepare a study plan. Become a PMI member and sign up for training. 2) Prepare well through comprehensive training, practice questions, and visualizing success. 3) Relax and feel confident on exam day, review answers, and celebrate upon passing. It also advertises an online PMP exam preparation training course.
This document provides an overview of project cost management. It covers definitions of key cost management terms, techniques for estimating costs such as analogous estimating, determining a project budget, and controlling costs over the lifetime of a project. The main techniques discussed are estimating costs, setting a cost performance baseline budget, monitoring project performance against the baseline through earned value management, and analyzing variances to manage project costs.
The document describes procedures for updating construction schedules, including:
1) Setting the duration of completed activities to zero and identifying live activities currently in progress.
2) Setting the early start time of live activities to the update time and their remaining durations.
3) Changing durations of future activities as given in the update report and performing network analysis to prepare a new schedule.
Lessons learned are a great way for PMP exam candidates to learn about how best to prepare for the PMP exam. After analyzing dozens of lessons, here are the top 7 recommendations for passing the exam from past students. www.pm-exam-simulator.com
The document discusses different contractual and organizational approaches for projects. It describes four main organizational types: traditional, owner-builder, turnkey, and professional construction manager. For each type, it outlines the key advantages and disadvantages, such as who is involved, how responsibilities are allocated, opportunities for cost and schedule optimization, and potential conflicts of interest. The goal is to establish effective relationships between the work, people, and workplaces for a given project.
The document discusses project scope management. It covers collecting requirements, defining scope, creating a work breakdown structure (WBS), controlling scope, and verifying scope. The presenter outlines the key inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs for each scope management process. He provides examples of a project charter, WBS, and quizzes to reinforce the material. The overall presentation provides a comprehensive overview of how to plan, monitor, and control the scope of a project.
This document provides an overview of project management frameworks and concepts. It introduces key topics such as the definition of a project, project lifecycles, organizational structures for managing projects, and the five process groups of project management. It also discusses project stakeholders and deliverables. The document was compiled by Waleed El-Naggar and includes information on obtaining PMP certification from the Project Management Institute.
The document discusses implementing a Project Management Office (PMO) and outlines various PMO models, roles, responsibilities, and best practices. It recommends starting with a small PMO of 3 project managers, a team leader, and 5 support staff. Key PMO roles include an executive, portfolio manager, mentor, and specialists in tools, methodology, training, and data administration. For a PMO to succeed, it must demonstrate value by improving project performance and be supported by executives.
Project management is the use of specific knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to deliver something of value to people. ... Leading these projects are Project Professionals—people who either intentionally or by circumstance are asked to ensure that a project team meets its goals.
The document discusses the six key processes for project time management: (1) define activities, (2) sequence activities, (3) estimate activity resources, (4) estimate activity durations, (5) develop schedule, and (6) control schedule. It provides details on the inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs for each process. The overall purpose is to plan and track the timely completion of a project through developing and managing a project schedule.
A recently completed Role Delineation Study (RDS) provided an updated description of the project management professional role. Research included a large-scale survey of global Project Management Professional (PMP)® certification holders to validate updates to domains, tasks, knowledge, and skills. The RDS captures perspectives of project management practitioners
from all industries, work settings, and regions. It serves as the foundation for the PMP exam
and ensures its validity and relevance.
Human Logic is an IT consulting firm based in Dubai that provides e-business, e-learning, and IT consulting services. It has experience developing custom applications, integrating systems, and optimizing infrastructures for clients across industries globally. Some of its clients include Saudi Aramco, ADNOC, NHS UK, and universities in the UAE, KSA, and Oman. Human Logic aims to use its expertise in technology and understanding of client needs to deliver high-quality, cost-effective solutions.
Project risk management handbook final 29.06.12Mrudula G
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an overview of project management and the Project Management Professional (PMP) certification. It defines what constitutes a project, describes the five process groups of project management, and explains the project life cycle and management framework. The five process groups are initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing. Project management balances the triple constraints of scope, time and cost. The document also recommends several books for PMP exam preparation.
The document discusses the key aspects of project risk management according to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). It begins by mapping the risk management processes to the five process groups. It then provides details on each process, including inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs. The major processes covered are: plan risk management, identify risks, perform qualitative risk analysis, perform quantitative risk analysis, plan risk responses, and monitor and control risks. The goal of risk management is to increase the probability and impact of positive events and decrease the probability and impact of negative events on a project.
1. This document appears to be a table containing information about activities with codes, criteria, and other details.
2. It includes 16 activities labeled A through P with criteria numbers ranging from 2 to 10.
3. The total number of criteria across all activities is 66.
1. The document outlines banding cutoffs for different categories labeled A through JJ, with varying cutoff levels ranging from 0.001 to over 10000 mcg/m3.
2. The cutoffs define different bands that range from band 1 to band 6, with some categories having additional sub-bands like 3a and 3b.
3. The banding cutoffs are used to determine the airborne concentration level for various categories.
This document contains technical specifications and diagrams with labeled components. It includes sections on circuit diagrams with numbered parts and descriptions of electronic and electrical components and connections. The document provides detailed technical information for a product or system with the identifier SR-YC05P.
The document is an interactive periodic table of chemical elements that allows the user to select an element and view information about it. The periodic table contains all 118 known elements organized into blocks by their metallic and non-metallic properties. By clicking on an element, the user can access a page with details on its chemical properties, health and environmental effects, applications, and history. The periodic table is intended to be a free reference for students, teachers, and professors for educational purposes.
The document appears to be sheet music composed by Maurice Jarre for the film Lawrence of Arabia. The sheet music contains multiple sections labeled A through F, with musical notes and markings. It progresses from section to section using modulations and variations in tempo, rhythm, and instrumentation.
1. The document contains the results and standings from the 3rd round of a youth soccer league.
2. Coca Juniors is in first place with 9 points, followed by Barcelona in second with 7 points.
3. Manchester United and Super Peques are tied for third place with 7 points each.
PgRouting is an open source library that provides routing functionality for PostgreSQL/PostGIS. It allows finding the shortest path between points on a network using algorithms like Dijkstra's algorithm. The document provides steps to install pgRouting into a PostGIS database and run shortest path queries.
The document displays a calendar for the year with the months of January, April, July, and October shown. Each month is displayed across four rows with the days of the month numbered in each box.
The document discusses different contractual and organizational approaches for projects. It describes four main organizational types: traditional, owner-builder, turnkey, and professional construction manager. For each type, it outlines the key advantages and disadvantages, such as who is involved, how responsibilities are allocated, opportunities for cost and schedule optimization, and potential conflicts of interest. The goal is to establish effective relationships between the work, people, and workplaces for a given project.
The document discusses project scope management. It covers collecting requirements, defining scope, creating a work breakdown structure (WBS), controlling scope, and verifying scope. The presenter outlines the key inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs for each scope management process. He provides examples of a project charter, WBS, and quizzes to reinforce the material. The overall presentation provides a comprehensive overview of how to plan, monitor, and control the scope of a project.
This document provides an overview of project management frameworks and concepts. It introduces key topics such as the definition of a project, project lifecycles, organizational structures for managing projects, and the five process groups of project management. It also discusses project stakeholders and deliverables. The document was compiled by Waleed El-Naggar and includes information on obtaining PMP certification from the Project Management Institute.
The document discusses implementing a Project Management Office (PMO) and outlines various PMO models, roles, responsibilities, and best practices. It recommends starting with a small PMO of 3 project managers, a team leader, and 5 support staff. Key PMO roles include an executive, portfolio manager, mentor, and specialists in tools, methodology, training, and data administration. For a PMO to succeed, it must demonstrate value by improving project performance and be supported by executives.
Project management is the use of specific knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to deliver something of value to people. ... Leading these projects are Project Professionals—people who either intentionally or by circumstance are asked to ensure that a project team meets its goals.
The document discusses the six key processes for project time management: (1) define activities, (2) sequence activities, (3) estimate activity resources, (4) estimate activity durations, (5) develop schedule, and (6) control schedule. It provides details on the inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs for each process. The overall purpose is to plan and track the timely completion of a project through developing and managing a project schedule.
A recently completed Role Delineation Study (RDS) provided an updated description of the project management professional role. Research included a large-scale survey of global Project Management Professional (PMP)® certification holders to validate updates to domains, tasks, knowledge, and skills. The RDS captures perspectives of project management practitioners
from all industries, work settings, and regions. It serves as the foundation for the PMP exam
and ensures its validity and relevance.
Human Logic is an IT consulting firm based in Dubai that provides e-business, e-learning, and IT consulting services. It has experience developing custom applications, integrating systems, and optimizing infrastructures for clients across industries globally. Some of its clients include Saudi Aramco, ADNOC, NHS UK, and universities in the UAE, KSA, and Oman. Human Logic aims to use its expertise in technology and understanding of client needs to deliver high-quality, cost-effective solutions.
Project risk management handbook final 29.06.12Mrudula G
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an overview of project management and the Project Management Professional (PMP) certification. It defines what constitutes a project, describes the five process groups of project management, and explains the project life cycle and management framework. The five process groups are initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing. Project management balances the triple constraints of scope, time and cost. The document also recommends several books for PMP exam preparation.
The document discusses the key aspects of project risk management according to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). It begins by mapping the risk management processes to the five process groups. It then provides details on each process, including inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs. The major processes covered are: plan risk management, identify risks, perform qualitative risk analysis, perform quantitative risk analysis, plan risk responses, and monitor and control risks. The goal of risk management is to increase the probability and impact of positive events and decrease the probability and impact of negative events on a project.
1. This document appears to be a table containing information about activities with codes, criteria, and other details.
2. It includes 16 activities labeled A through P with criteria numbers ranging from 2 to 10.
3. The total number of criteria across all activities is 66.
1. The document outlines banding cutoffs for different categories labeled A through JJ, with varying cutoff levels ranging from 0.001 to over 10000 mcg/m3.
2. The cutoffs define different bands that range from band 1 to band 6, with some categories having additional sub-bands like 3a and 3b.
3. The banding cutoffs are used to determine the airborne concentration level for various categories.
This document contains technical specifications and diagrams with labeled components. It includes sections on circuit diagrams with numbered parts and descriptions of electronic and electrical components and connections. The document provides detailed technical information for a product or system with the identifier SR-YC05P.
The document is an interactive periodic table of chemical elements that allows the user to select an element and view information about it. The periodic table contains all 118 known elements organized into blocks by their metallic and non-metallic properties. By clicking on an element, the user can access a page with details on its chemical properties, health and environmental effects, applications, and history. The periodic table is intended to be a free reference for students, teachers, and professors for educational purposes.
The document appears to be sheet music composed by Maurice Jarre for the film Lawrence of Arabia. The sheet music contains multiple sections labeled A through F, with musical notes and markings. It progresses from section to section using modulations and variations in tempo, rhythm, and instrumentation.
1. The document contains the results and standings from the 3rd round of a youth soccer league.
2. Coca Juniors is in first place with 9 points, followed by Barcelona in second with 7 points.
3. Manchester United and Super Peques are tied for third place with 7 points each.
PgRouting is an open source library that provides routing functionality for PostgreSQL/PostGIS. It allows finding the shortest path between points on a network using algorithms like Dijkstra's algorithm. The document provides steps to install pgRouting into a PostGIS database and run shortest path queries.
The document displays a calendar for the year with the months of January, April, July, and October shown. Each month is displayed across four rows with the days of the month numbered in each box.
The document displays a calendar for the year with the months of January, April, July, and October shown. Each month is displayed across four rows and shows the days of the week and dates for that month.
The document displays a calendar for the year with the months of January, April, July, and October shown. Each month is displayed across four rows and shows the days of the week and dates for that month.
The document displays a calendar for the year with the months of January, April, July, and October shown. Each month is displayed across four rows with the days of the month numbered in each box.
The document details 13 different cabling configurations labeled CABO 1 through CABO 13. Each cabling configuration shows the connector types used on either end of the cable and lists the pinouts. A key is also provided that identifies the applications each cabling configuration is used for, such as various telecommunications equipment.
The document discusses critical path method for planning and scheduling a project. It includes a network diagram with activities labeled A through L and their dependencies. It then calculates the earliest and latest start and finish times and identifies the critical path with the least amount of slack time.
The document outlines a project plan with multiple tasks and their dependencies. It lists 12 tasks labeled A through L, showing their duration in days and associated costs in dollars. Task E has the most dependencies, requiring tasks A, B, and C to be completed first. The critical path passes through tasks A, D, E, G, H, K, and L.
This document is a diagram of a crossword puzzle with 9 spaces and clues for names. The spaces are labeled with numbers 1 through 9 and letters are placed throughout the diagram to reveal names when the clues are solved from top to bottom, left to right.
Nigeria cassava varietal adoption study draft 1 011812_codespravinkumarbw
The document appears to be a draft questionnaire for a Nigeria Cassava study, containing various codes and questions to be asked in modules on topics like demographics, farming practices, cassava varieties, groups, and nutrition. The questionnaire collects information through multiple choice and open-ended questions from respondents in different Nigerian states, local government areas, and wards. It aims to understand cassava production, utilization, and preferences in Nigeria.
This document contains random characters, numbers, and symbols with no discernible meaning or structure across multiple lines. It does not provide any coherent information that can be summarized.
This document discusses construction contracts and equipment costs for an excavation project.
The document contains information about a building project that requires 2000 cubic meters of excavation work. The equipment crew consists of one excavator rented at 700 LE per day and two trucks rented at 300 LE per day each. The crew's production rate is 200 cubic meters per day.
The document then provides an example calculation to estimate the equipment cost per cubic meter for this excavation project. It calculates the contractor's fee under different total project cost scenarios for a target cost construction contract.
This document outlines the process and steps for construction cost estimating. It begins by defining estimating and differentiating it from calculation. It then describes the key steps in the estimating process: planning and scheduling, project study and data collection, preparing method statements, assessing resource outputs, and calculating direct, overhead and total costs. The document provides examples of calculating labor, equipment and material rates. It also discusses different estimating methods and includes an example cost estimate calculation for a bridge project.
This document discusses the tendering process for construction projects. It defines tendering as including: 1) inspecting contract documents, 2) estimating costs, 3) adjusting bids, and 4) submitting tenders. The key components of contract documents are identified as instructions to bidders, drawings, specifications, bills of quantities, contract conditions, and bid forms. The document also outlines the process of estimating tender prices, including calculating direct costs, indirect costs, overhead, and profits. It provides an example of preparing a balanced versus unbalanced bid.
The document discusses various topics related to construction project management. It begins by outlining the key points to include in a curriculum vitae for a job fair, such as personal details, academic progress, interests in civil engineering, and future goals. It then differentiates between construction management and construction project management. Several other construction management topics are defined and discussed, including the parties involved in construction projects, types of construction projects and companies, the project cycle, and project delivery systems.
This document summarizes a study group session on communication management. It discusses communication methods that should be used to provide different types of information to stakeholders, as well as tools that can be used for information distribution and what should be included in a communications management plan. The document contains sample multiple choice questions and answers related to communication management best practices.
This document provides an overview of a PMP study group session on human resource management. It includes 16 multiple choice questions related to topics like recruitment guidelines/policies being constraints, McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y, management styles, types of power, conflict handling approaches, organizational charts, evaluating team effectiveness, establishing ground rules, responsibilities assignment matrices, and challenges of managing virtual teams. The questions are intended to help participants learn about key aspects of human resource management as it relates to project management.
The document provides information on cost management for a project management study group session. It includes questions and answers on topics like estimating activity costs, cost baselines, variance analysis, and earned value management.
Order of Magnitude (+- 25% - 50%)
Reference: PMBOK Third Edition, Page Number: 150
So the given estimate range falls under Order of Magnitude estimate.
17. You are developing the schedule for your project. Which of the following is NOT a
technique used for estimating activity durations?
A. Analogous Estimating
B. Parametric Estimating
C. Three-Point Estimating
D. Schedule Network Analysis
17. You are developing the schedule for your project. Which of the following is NOT a
technique used for estimating activity durations?
A. Analogous Estimating
B. Parametric Estimating
The document discusses scope management in project management. It covers key topics like:
1. Scope management means constantly checking that all required work is completed and not allowing unauthorized changes to scope.
2. The main processes of scope management are scope planning, scope definition which includes creating a project scope statement, developing a work breakdown structure (WBS), scope verification, and scope control.
3. Scope management differentiates between product scope which are requirements related to the project deliverables, and project scope which is the work required to deliver the product.
The document summarizes key points from a session on risk management:
1. The session discussed tools and techniques for risk response planning, including strategies for negative risks and contingent response planning.
2. It provided examples of different types of risks like secondary risks that can arise from implementing a risk response plan.
3. Residual risks that remain after risk responses have been implemented were also explained.
The document summarizes an agenda for a PMP study group session covering professional responsibility and integration management. The session will discuss responsibilities of project managers, key concepts of integration management including the seven processes, and take participant questions. Study group questions will then be presented and answered as a group, covering topics like contract change control systems, addressing inaccurate financial statements, project closure due to lack of funding, documenting risks in the project plan, and using knowledge gained from previous employers.
This document provides an agenda and overview for a Project Management Professional (PMP) study group session on the project framework and project management processes. The agenda includes a summary of the focus on the project framework and processes, an open forum for participant questions, study group questions, and a wrap up. The overview discusses key concepts of the project management framework, including the triple constraint of scope, time and cost, areas of PM expertise, the project management office, and differences between projects and programs. It also discusses project management processes, including the five process groups of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing as well as the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle and the process interactions template.
In 3 sentences
The document discusses critical path method (CPM) network computation and provides examples of activity-on-arrow and activity-on-node network diagrams. It also explains the different relationship types used to define dependencies between activities, including finish-to-start, start-to-start, finish-to-finish, start-to-finish, and start-to-start/finish-to-finish relationships. Lead and lag times are discussed as constraints that can be applied to relationships.
The document appears to be a course syllabus or outline for a construction contracts class taught by Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani at King Saud University in spring 2008. It includes standard syllabus elements like the course title, instructor information, and page numbers but does not include any other contextual information.
- The document discusses factors that impact contractor cash flow, including payment schedules, materials, mobilization, monthly payments, and final payment.
- It also discusses contractor cash disbursements for labor, equipment, materials, subcontractors, insurance, permits, mobilization, and overhead.
- Methods to minimize a contractor's negative cash flow are presented, such as front-end rate loading, reducing delays in receiving revenue, adjusting work schedules, and coinciding materials deliveries with payment estimates.
The document discusses activities, projects, and bar charts for project scheduling. An activity has a defined start and end time and uses resources. A project is a set of activities with defined objectives, completion date, and budget. A bar chart is a common project scheduling tool that displays activities as horizontal bars placed sequentially according to duration and dependencies. It can identify critical paths where delays could impact the overall project schedule.
This document defines key terms and formulas used in critical path method (CPM) network computation. It discusses the forward and backward pass computations used to calculate the earliest and latest start and finish times of activities. The forward pass uses the earliest start time of predecessor activities to calculate the earliest finish time of each activity. The backward pass uses the latest finish time to calculate the latest start time. Several examples are provided to demonstrate applying CPM calculations to activity networks. Key outputs include identifying the critical path and activities that dictate the minimum project duration.
- The document discusses network scheduling techniques for project management, focusing on the Critical Path Method (CPM).
- CPM uses arrow diagrams to graphically display the planned sequence and dependencies of a project's activities in order to determine the critical path for efficient resource use and project completion.
- The Activity-on-Arrow (AOA) drawing scheme is presented as the original CPM network scheduling technique, with nodes representing start and finish points and arrows representing activities.
The document discusses various topics related to project management functions and motivation. It covers planning, organizing, directing, controlling, and motivation as key project management functions. It also discusses several motivation theories including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and John Hunt's goal-based theory. Additionally, it covers leadership styles, teamwork, creativity, problem solving techniques, and decision making processes.
1. The document discusses reasons and methods to reduce project durations, including to earn incentive pay, avoid penalties, and fit contractual timelines. It then describes four common methods: using overtime, adding workers, better equipment, and subcontracting labor.
2. The optimal project duration balances minimizing total project costs, including direct costs from activities as well as indirect overhead costs. The network compression algorithm is used to iteratively shorten the critical path by accelerating individual activities until no further reduction is possible without increasing total costs.
3. An example construction project is provided to demonstrate calculating the least cost project duration using crash costs, indirect costs, and shortening cycles to optimize the project schedule.
1. How Limited Resources Affect
Schedule Float
3 6 9 9 4 13
C I
3 0 9 9 0 13
0 3 3
3 R 3 R
A
0 0 3 3 2 5 5 3 8 18 0 18
13 2 15 15 3 18
3 R
D E J K F IN IS H
0 0 0 8 5 10 10 5 13 13 0 15 15 0 18 18 0 18
ST AR T 4 R 2 R 4 R 5 R 0 R
0 0 0
5 3 8
0 R
F
10 5 13
1 R
ES D EF
0 5 5 5 4 9 9 5 14
A ctivity
B G H
LS F LF
4 4 9 9 4 13 13 4 18
R e sou rc e s
2 R 3 R 2 R
Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 1
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
2. A 3 3 3
C 3 3 3 3 3 3
I 3 3 3 3
J 4 4
K 5 5 5
B 2 2 2 2 2
G 3 3 3 3
H 2 2 2 2 2
D 4 4
E 2 2 2
F 1 1 1
t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
R 5 5 5 7 7 9 9 9 6 5 5 5 5 6 4 5 5 5
R 5 10 15 24 33 42 51 60 66 76 76 81 86 92 96 101 106 111
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
Spring 2008, 2 Resources Leveling & Allocation 2
King Saud University
1 Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
3. A 3 3 3
C 3 3 3 3 3 3
I 3 3 3 3
J 4 4
K 5 5 5
B 2 2 2 2 2
G 3 3 3 3
H 2 2 2 2 2
D 4 4
E 2 2 2
F 1 1 1
t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
R 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 9 10 9 9 9 6 6 7 7 7
R 3 6 9 12 17 22 27 32 41 51 60 69 78 84 90 97 104 111
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
Spring 2008, 2
Resources Leveling & Allocation 3
King Saud University
1 Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
4. Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 4
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
5. 111 to tal units
A vg. da ily requ ire m e nt = = 6.2 units/da y
18 days
S uppo se the ana lyzed reso urce is ava ila b le at a m a xim u m
le ve l o f 7 units/da y.
126 units are requ ired fo r 18 days
6 .2
C ritic a lit y inde x = = 0.88 < 1 ok
7 .0
S uppo se the ana lyzed reso urce is ava ila b le at a m a xim u m
le ve l o f 6 unit s/da y.
6 .2
C ritic a lit y inde x = = 1.03 > 1
6 .0
W here 108 units are requ ired fo r 18 days < 111 units, lea ving
so m e w o rk unfin ished and thus requ iring a n exte nsio n o f the
pro ject be yo nd 18 da ys.
Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 5
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
6. Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 6
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
7. A nalys is o f L ine I:
1,000,000 cu. yds.
A vg. daily requ irem ent = = 5000 cu.yds./day
200 days
< 6000 cu.yds./day pro ject w ill be o n tim e m isleading resu lt
A na lys is o f L ine II:
1,000,000 cu. yds.
A vg. da ily requ ire m e nt = = 8333 cu.yds./da y
(185 - 65) days
8333
C ritic a lity inde x = = 1.39 > 1 pro ject w ill de la y
6000
Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 7
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
8. L2 L1
L o w er bo und estim ate o f avg. da ily requ ire m e nt = reso urce units/da y
T2 T1
Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 8
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
9. Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 9
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
10. OVERVIEW OF BASIC
SCHEDULING PROCEDURES
• Scheduling procedures for dealing with
resource constraints can be roughly
divided into 2 major groups, according to
the problem addressed:
– (1) resource leveling, and
– (2) fixed-limits resource scheduling (resource
allocation).
Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 10
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
11. Resource Leveling vs. Allocation
• I. Resource Leveling.
– Using resources in the most efficient
manner possible when the project
duration is fixed.
• II. Resource Allocation
– Scheduling a project with unlimited
resources and a flexible duration.
Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 11
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
12. Resource Leveling Algorithm:
S tep 1 . L ist the p ro ject activ it ies in o rd er o f p reced enc e b y arrang in g the arro w head o r no d e
nu m b ers in a sce nd in g o rd er. W he n u sin g act iv it y -o n-arro w fo rm at and tw o o r m o re
activ it ies ha ve the sa m e head nu m b er, list the m so that the arro w tail n u m b er s are a lso
in asce nd in g o rd er.
S tep 2 . Starting w ith the la st activ it y (the o ne at the bo tto m o f the d iag ra m ), sc hed u le it
p er io d b y p er io d to g ive the lo w es t su m o f sq u ares o f reso u rce re q u ire m e nts fo r each
tim e u n it. If m o re than o ne sc hed u le g iv es the sa m e to tal su m o f sq u ares, then
sc hed u le the activ it y as late as po ssib le to g et as m u ch slack a s p o ssib le in a ll
p reced ing act iv it ies.
S tep 3 . H o ld in g the la st activ it y fix ed , rep eat Step 2 o n the ne xt to the la st activ it y in the
netw o rk, tak ing ad v a ntag e o f a n y slack that m a y h ave bee n m ad e a va ila b le to it b y the
resch ed u lin g in S tep 2 .
S tep 4 . C o ntinu e S tep 3 u ntil the first activ it y in the list has b ee n co nsid ered ; th is co m p letes
the first resched u lin g c yc le.
S tep Spring 2008,u t ad d it io na l re sc hed u lin g c yc les b y & AllocationS tep s 2 thro u g h 4 u ntil no 12
5 . C arry o Resources Leveling rep eating
King Saud University n in the to tal su m o Khalidares o f reso u rce req u ire m e nts is p o ssib le,
fu rther red u ctio Dr. f sq u Al-Gahtani
13. p reced ing act iv it ies.
S tep 3 . H o ld in g the la st activ it y fix ed , rep eat Step 2 o n the ne xt to the la st activ it y in the
Resource Leveling Algorithm:
netw o rk, tak ing ad v a ntag e o f a n y slack that m a y h ave bee n m ad e a va ila b le to it b y the
resch ed u lin g in S tep 2 .
S tep 4 . C o ntinu e S tep 3 u ntil the first activ it y in the list has b ee n co nsid ered ; th is co m p letes
the first resched u lin g c yc le.
S tep 5 . C arry o u t ad d it io na l re sc hed u lin g c yc les b y rep eating S tep s 2 thro u g h 4 u ntil no
fu rther red u ctio n in the to tal su m o f sq u ares o f reso u rce req u ire m e nts is p o ssib le,
no ting that o n ly m o ve m e nt o f an act iv it y to the rig ht (sched u le later) is p er m issib le
u nd er th is sc he m e.
S tep 6 . If th is reso u rce is p articu lar ly cr it ica l, rep eat Step s 1 thro u g h 5 o n a d iffere nt o rd ering
o f the activ it ies, w h ic h, o f co u rse, m u st still list the activ it ies in o rd er o f p reced en ce.
S tep 7 . C ho o se the best sched u le o f tho se o btained in S tep s 5 and 6 .
S tep 8 . M ak e fin a l ad ju st m e nts to the sched u le c ho se n in S tep 7, tak ing into acco u nt facto rs
no t co nsid ered in the b asic sc hed u lin g p ro ced u re.
Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 13
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
14. A 3 3 3
C 3 3 3 3 3 3
I 3 3 3 3
J 4 4
K 5 5 5
B 2 2 2 2 2
G 3 3 3 3
H 2 2 2 2 2
D 4 4
E 2 2 2
F 1 1 1
t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
R 5 5 5 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 7 7 5
679
2
R 25 50 75 124 173 209 245 281 317 353 389 425 450 486 522 571 620 645
8 779
7
6
5
4
3
Spring 2008,
2
Resources Leveling & Allocation 14
King Saud University
1 Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
15. Parallel vs. Serial methods
• Serial methods
– Activities CAN NOT be interrupted.
• Parallel methods
– It is more widely used.
– Activities CAN be interrupted.
Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 15
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
16. Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 16
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
17. Multiple Resources Allocation
• Select the most CRITICAL resources, and
then allocate all the critical resources in
the same time.
• For simplicity, only one resource at a time
will be considered in this course with no
interruption for an activity (Serial method).
Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 17
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
18. Example of Resource Allocation
(Serial Method)
3 6 9 9 4 13
C I
3 0 9 9 0 13
0 3 3
3 R 3 R
A
0 0 3 3 2 5 5 3 8 18 0 18
13 2 15 15 3 18
3 R
D E J K FIN ISH
0 0 0 8 5 10 10 5 13 13 0 15 15 0 18 18 0 18
ST A R T 4 R 2 R 4 R 5 R 0 R
0 0 0
5 3 8
0 R
F
10 5 13
1 R
ES D EF
0 5 5 5 4 9 9 5 14
A ctivity
B G H
LS F LF
4 4 9 9 4 13 13 4 18
R e sou rc e s
2 R 3 R 2 R
Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 18
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
19. A C C C D D D D D D I I J J J J K K K K
1
EAS B D D D G G I I I I E E H H H
G G G I I F F
A C D D D D D D I I H J K K K
2
O SS B D G I E
F
A 3 3 3
B 2 2 2 2 2
C 3 3 3 3 3 3
G 3 3 3 3
D 4 4
I 3 3 3 3
E 2 2 2
F 1 1 1
H 2 2 2 2 2
J 2 2
K 5 5 5
D ay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
3
UR 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 23 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2
0 0 0
Spring 2008,
4 Resources Leveling & Allocation 19
AR 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 4 4 6 6 6 5 4 4 2 2 5 5 5
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
20. Example of Resource Allocation
(Parallel Method)
3 6 9 9 4 13
C I
3 0 9 9 0 13
0 3 3
4 R 3 R
A
0 0 3 3 2 5 5 3 8 18 0 18
13 2 15 15 3 18
3 R
D E J K F IN IS H
0 0 0 8 5 10 10 5 13 13 0 15 15 0 18 18 0 18
ST AR T 3 R 2 R 4 R 4 R 0 R
0 0 0
5 3 8
0 R
F
10 5 13
1 R
ES D EF
0 5 5 5 4 9 9 5 14
A ctivity
B G H
LS F LF
4 4 9 9 4 13 13 4 18
R e sou rc e s
3 R 3 R 2 R
Spring 2008, Resources Leveling & Allocation 20
King Saud University Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
21. A A A C C C C C C B B I I I I E E E J J H H H
1
EAS B B B B B B B B B D D G G G G F F F H H K K K
C C D D D D D D I I E E E E J J K
D D G I I I I I G G F F F F H H
G G G G G G G E
F
A A A C C C C C C B B I I I I E E E J J H H H
2
O SS B B B B B D D D D D D G G G G F F F H H K K K
D D G G G G I I E E E E
F F F F
A 3 3 3
B 3 3 3 3 3
C 4 4 4 4 4 4
D 3 3
I 3 3 3 3
G 3 3 3 3
E 2 2 2
F 1 1 1
J 2 2
H 2 2 2 2 2
K 4 4 4
D ay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
3
UR 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4
Spring 2008, 0 0
4
0 Resources Leveling &0Allocation 3
0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 21
KingRSaud 6 6 6
A University 4 4 4 4 4 Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 6
4 6 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 6