The document discusses various methods and techniques for collecting data in research. It describes primary and secondary data collection. The main techniques discussed are surveys, interviews, questionnaires, tests, observations, and experiments. It provides details on structured, unstructured and semi-structured questionnaires. It also distinguishes between standardized and non-standardized tests. The document concludes by outlining the steps to plan data collection procedures, including developing instruments, obtaining permissions, sampling, pilot testing, administering instruments, and encoding and analyzing the collected data.

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INTERVIEW
TEST
OBSERVATION
SURVEY
WAYS OF COLLECTING
DATA
EXPERIMENT
QUESTIONNAIRE

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DATA COLLECTION
DATA COLLECTION
 It is a systematic process of gathering and measuring
information on variables of interest in an established
fashion that enables one to answer stated research
questions, test hypotheses and evaluate outcomes
 It allows you to gain first-hand knowledge and insights
into your research problem

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DATA COLLECTION
Methods of Data Collection
❖ 1. Primary Data Collection uses surveys,
interviews, questionnaires, tests, observations,
checklist and rating scales
❖ 2. Secondary Data Collection is conducted in
obtaining information in journals, books annuals,
reports, websites, and other publications available
for public use.

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DATA COLLECTION
Techniques of Data Collection
1. SURVEY is a data-gathering technique that
makes you obtain facts or information about the
subject or object of the research through the data
gathering instruments.

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DATA COLLECTION
Techniques of Data Collection
⊹ a. Questionnaire is a series of questions to
elicit information that is distributed and filled in by the
respondents under the supervision of the investigator
or interviewer.
Conducting survey makes use of the following
instruments:

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DATA COLLECTION
Techniques of Data Collection
1. STRUCTURED employs close-ended
questions
Structures of a questionnaire
 Closed Form/Open Ended gives the
respondents the ability to respond in their
own words.

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DATA COLLECTION
Techniques of Data Collection
2. UNSTRUCTURED uses open-ended
questions
3. SEMI-STRUCTURED consists of close-ended open-
ended questions
 Closed Form/Open ended allows the
respondents choose from the given
alternatives

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DATA COLLECTION
Techniques of Data Collection
⊹ b. Interview it involves a verbal communication
between the researcher and the respondents.
Since the researchers are doing quantitative
research, it is expected that responses have
numerical value either it is nominal or ordinal in
form.

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DATA COLLECTION
Techniques of Data Collection
⊹ 2. TEST are used for measuring various skills,
types of personality, achievement, performance
and some which describe characteristics. It is
also used to develop to measure specific
knowledge, skill or cognitive ability.

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DATA COLLECTION
Techniques of Data Collection
⊹ Two kinds of TESTS
⊹ a. STANDARDIZED TEST is any form of test that (1)
requires all test takers to answer the same questions,
or a selection of questions in the same way, and that
(2) is scored in a “standard” or consistent manner,
which makes it possible to compare the relative
performance of individual students or groups of
students.

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DATA COLLECTION
Techniques of Data Collection
⊹ b. NON-STANDARDIZED TEST is an
assessment that considers an individual's
performance, and does not produce scores that
allow us to compare that performance to another's.
It allows us to obtain specific information about the
student, and this can be in different formats.

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DATA COLLECTION
Techniques of Data Collection
⊹ 3. EXPERIMENT is defined as a scientific method
of collecting data and attempts to determine a cause
and effect relationship between two or more
variables. It has treatment, interventions and
condition.

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DATA COLLECTION
Techniques of Data Collection
⊹ 4. OBSERVATION is a way of gathering data which
involves systematically selecting, watching,
listening, reading, touching and recording behavior
and characteristics of living beings, objects of
phenomena.

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PLANNING DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES
1. Develop your data
collection instruments
and materials
2. Seek permission
from authorities
3. Select and screen
population using
appropriate sampling
technique
4. Obtain informed
consent from the
respondents
5. Pilot testing of the
research instruments
BEFORE

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PLANNING DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES
Provide
instructions to
the respondents
Administer the
instrument and
implement the
intervention or
treatment, if
applicable
DURING
Collect or take
note of the
responses

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PLANNING DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES
1. Immediately encode the
data and summarize the data
gathered in tabular form
2. Safeguard the
confidentiality of the data
3. Examine and analyze the
data using appropriate
statistical tools
AFTER

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PLANNING DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES
1. Immediately encode the
data and summarize the data
gathered in tabular form
2. Safeguard the
confidentiality of the data
3. Examine and analyze the
data using appropriate
statistical tools
AFTER

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