Research in hospitality is a systematic investigation aimed at increasing knowledge about humans, culture, and society, leading to new applications and solutions to problems. It encompasses various types including basic, applied, and development research, each with its specific objectives and methodologies. The document also outlines the research process, characteristics of a research problem, and emphasizes the importance of avoiding plagiarism.

1. Research in Hospitality
Research ????
Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of
knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this
stock of knowledge to devise new applications”. It is used to establish or confirm
facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support
theorems, or develop new theories. To test the validity of instruments, procedures,
or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a
whole.
Research also defined as scientific investigation of phenomena which includes
collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that links man’s
speculation or assumption with reality.

2. Why Research?
•The reason for such is it would help us find answers
to a lot of questions that we ask as human beings.
It may not give all the answers but, it will surely
clarify some important questions we all aim to find
answers

3. Types of Research
• Basic Research. This is also called “pure research” or “fundamental research”. It aims to
discover basic truths or principles. Example: “Taxonomy of Herbal Plants Found in Northern
Iloilo” The foregoing research problem is basic research because the main purpose is to discover
and classify new species of herbal plants and its characteristics found in Northern Iloilo.
• Applied Research. This type of research involves seeking new applications of scientific
knowledge to the solution of a problem such as development of a new system or procedure,
new device, or new method in order to solve the problem. Example: “Utilization of Seaweeds
into Siopao: Its Acceptability, Salability and Profitability” It seeks to develop a new method to
utilize seaweed into value-added product, siopao. Thus, solves food problem and economic crisis
of the country.
• Development Research. This is a decision-oriented research involving the application of the
steps of the scientific method in response to an immediate need to improve existing practices.
• Example: “Culture of Kapphyphycus in BuloBadyang Island, Estancia, Iloilo, using Hanging and
Lantay Methods” It response to an immediate need to improve the existing hanging method of
culturing seaweed, Kappaphycus, in Bulobadyang Island, Estancia, Iloilo, to lantay method. The
researcher compares which of the methods, hanging or lantay of culturing seaweed has higher
yield and higher return of investment (ROI).

4. Steps in the Research Process
• The research process actually begins with the development of a research idea.
From a broad subject matter to be investigated, which is known as research
topic, the researchers formulate the statements of research problem,
purpose, and/or hypothesis.
• They continue to develop research questions depending on the research
paradigm.
• For example, using the quantitative (numbers) research paradigm, they make
interrogative sentences that ask about the relationship between two or more
variables; while using the qualitative research paradigm, they prepare
interrogative sentences that ask about the processes, issues or phenomena to
be explored.

5. As a scientific inquiry, research employs the five basic steps in the
research process, as follows:
1. Choosing the problems
and stating the hypothesis,
2. Reviewing existing
theories, data or information
to formulate research
design;
3. Collecting data;
4. Interpreting and analyzing
data; and
5. Drawing conclusions and
recommendations.

6. Do Not Commit Plagiarism
• Always remember the quotation marks. Keep an accurate record of the source. Give
proper credit otherwise you will be guilty of plagiarism.
• Plagiarism is using the words or ideas of another person without proper credit to the
one who devised them. Print and non-print materials are protected by copyright laws.
Varying a word or changing singular to plurals won’t protect you from label of
plagiarism.
• How to Prevent Plagiarism
• Use quotation mark around all words and phrases from any research source.
• Credit the source of any materials including summaries and paraphrases by
documenting them when you take note and when you write the paper.
• Be sure every source you document in your paper is also in the Works Cited at the text.
• Give an adequate introduction or otherwise clearly delineate borrowed words and
ideas. Always give enough information for your reader to tell clearly what is your
original work and what is not.

7. Characteristic of Research Problem
• The characteristic of a research problem has acronym of SMART-Specific, Measurable,
Achievable, Realistic and Time bound. This means that a research problem should be:
• Specific. The problem should be specifically stated.
• For example, for descriptive research, “what is the correlation between English score and
number of hours of study in English to freshmen hospitality students at the Cebu
Technological University in Cebu Province?”
• For experimental research, “what is the mean weight increment of mudcrab (Scylla
serrata) cultured in the fishpond using pellets and bread meal as supplemental feeds?”
• Measurable. It is easy to measure by using research instruments, apparatus and
equipment in gathering of data.
• For descriptive research, the research instrument used in gathering data are
questionnaires, tests, checklists, observation schedules and many others.
• For experimental research, the apparatus and equipment used in collecting data are
weighing scale to get the weight of mudcrab; refractometer, salinity of water; thermometer,
temperature of water, DO meter, dissolved oxygen of water; and pH meter, acidity of water.

8. Characteristic of Research Problem
• Achievable. The data are achievable by using results.
• For instance, in descriptive research, Pearson product moment coefficient correlation is correct
statistical tool to this specific problem, “what is the correlation between scholastic
achievements and number of hours of study in English to freshmen hospitality students at the
Cebu Technological University in Cebu province,” if correlation is high, the results show that
higher the scholastic achievements the longer is the number of hours of study and the lower
the scholastic achievements the shorter is the number of hours of study.
• For experimental research, the appropriate statistical tool is t-test for this specific
problem, “is there a significant difference on the mean weight increment of mudcrab (Scylla
serrata) cultured in the fishpond using pellets and bread meal as supplemental feeds?” if
results show that there is significant difference this means that the mean weight really differ
with each other. If insignificant difference exists, this means that the mean weight is almost the
same.
• Realistic. Real results are attained because they are gathered scientifically and not
maneuvered.
• Time Bound. Time frame is necessary in every activity because the shorter completion of the
activity the better.