RGTPP is located near Ramgarh Town district head quarter, Jaisalmer (Rajasthan), which is largest district of the state. Its installed capacity at about 60 km from is 270 MW.
A 3 sentence summary of the document:
The document is a practical training report submitted by Ranjan Kumar, a 4th year B.Tech student of Electrical Engineering from Arya Institute of Engineering & Technology, to his department head Deepak Sharma at Rajasthan Technical University, Kota. The report details Ranjan Kumar's 2 month long practical training period from May 16, 2017 to July 16, 2017 at the Super Thermal Power Station operated by NTPC in Kahalgaon, Bihar. The training was a partial fulfillment of the requirements for Ranjan Kumar's Bachelor of Technology degree.
Power Quality Analysis and Enhancement of Grid Connected Solar Energy SystemAsoka Technologies
In recent years, renewable energy resources are utilized to meet the growing energy demand. The integration of renewable energy resources with the grid incorporates power electronic converters for conversion of energy. These power electronic converters introduce power quality issues such as a harmonics, voltage regulation etc. Hence, to improve the power quality issues, this work proposes a new control strategy for a grid interconnected solar system. In this proposed work, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme has been used to obtain maximum power from the solar system and DC/DC converter is implemented to maintain a constant DC voltage. An active filtering method is utilized to improve the power quality of the grid connected solar system. The proposed system is validated through dynamic simulation using MATLAB/Simulink Power system toolbox and results are delivered to validate the effectiveness of the work.
Chiranjeevi Kunchala has over 8 years of experience in electrical engineering. He has a Bachelor's degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and has experience commissioning and testing electronics panels, generators, transformers, and transmission and distribution lines. He has worked on projects involving power plants, substations, transmission lines, and building electrification. Currently he works as a maintenance executive ensuring preventative maintenance of mechanical and electrical systems.
Mahendra Gupta is seeking a position that allows him to continuously grow and develop his technical skills. He has a Master's degree in Power Electronics, Machines, and Drives from Nirma University with high marks. He has over 2 years of experience in testing power electronics equipment and 9 months of internship experience. His skills include power electronics design, programming tools like MATLAB and PSIM, and controllers like Arduino. He is interested in areas like power supplies, drives, electrical vehicles, and solar inverters.
This document contains the resume of Arshad Abbas, a mechanical engineer. It outlines his educational background including a BSc in Mechanical Engineering from MNS University of Engineering and Technology Multan and a diploma in Mechanical Technology from Saffia Polytechnic Institute. It also lists his internship experiences at Northern Power Generation Company and Petrosin Ravi Industries, and projects including a horizontal axis wind turbine and a darkness detector. Personal details and strengths are also included.
ASOKA TECHNOLOGIES
(B.TECH/M.TECH ELECTRICAL PROJECTS USING MATLAB/SIMULINK)
WE OFFER ACADEMIC MATLAB SIMULATION PROJECTS FOR
1. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING [EEE]
2. POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES [PED]
3. POWER SYSTEMS [PS]….etc
We will develop your OWN IDEAS and your IEEE Papers with extension if necessary and also we give guidance for publishing papers…
For Further Details Call Us @
0-9347143789/9949240245
For Abstracts of IEEE papers and for any Queries mail to: asokatechnologies(gmail) and also visit asokatechnologies(blogspot)
In all these systems, the power flow of electrical energy takes place through Electrical Substations. An Electrical Substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries, etc. Basically an electrical substation consists of a number of incoming circuits and outgoing circuits connected to common busbar system. Busbars are conducting bars to which a number of incoming or outgoing circuits are connected. Each circuit has certain electrical components such as circuit-breakers, isolators, earthing switches, current transformers, voltage transformers, etc. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a circuit can be switched off/on during normal operation by manual/remote command and also automatically during abnormal conditions such as short-circuits. A substation receives electrical power from generating station via incoming transmission lines and delivers electrical power via the outgoing transmission lines. Substations
The document discusses options for retrofitting a heat exchanger network (HEN) to improve its efficiency. It analyzes three main retrofit options - resequencing, adding new heat exchangers, and stream splitting. For each option, it examines the effects on the network structure and pinch points. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how each option can eliminate pinch points and improve performance. The overall goal is to help users decide where to make effective structural changes to optimize a HEN.
A 3 sentence summary of the document:
The document is a practical training report submitted by Ranjan Kumar, a 4th year B.Tech student of Electrical Engineering from Arya Institute of Engineering & Technology, to his department head Deepak Sharma at Rajasthan Technical University, Kota. The report details Ranjan Kumar's 2 month long practical training period from May 16, 2017 to July 16, 2017 at the Super Thermal Power Station operated by NTPC in Kahalgaon, Bihar. The training was a partial fulfillment of the requirements for Ranjan Kumar's Bachelor of Technology degree.
Power Quality Analysis and Enhancement of Grid Connected Solar Energy SystemAsoka Technologies
In recent years, renewable energy resources are utilized to meet the growing energy demand. The integration of renewable energy resources with the grid incorporates power electronic converters for conversion of energy. These power electronic converters introduce power quality issues such as a harmonics, voltage regulation etc. Hence, to improve the power quality issues, this work proposes a new control strategy for a grid interconnected solar system. In this proposed work, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme has been used to obtain maximum power from the solar system and DC/DC converter is implemented to maintain a constant DC voltage. An active filtering method is utilized to improve the power quality of the grid connected solar system. The proposed system is validated through dynamic simulation using MATLAB/Simulink Power system toolbox and results are delivered to validate the effectiveness of the work.
Chiranjeevi Kunchala has over 8 years of experience in electrical engineering. He has a Bachelor's degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and has experience commissioning and testing electronics panels, generators, transformers, and transmission and distribution lines. He has worked on projects involving power plants, substations, transmission lines, and building electrification. Currently he works as a maintenance executive ensuring preventative maintenance of mechanical and electrical systems.
Mahendra Gupta is seeking a position that allows him to continuously grow and develop his technical skills. He has a Master's degree in Power Electronics, Machines, and Drives from Nirma University with high marks. He has over 2 years of experience in testing power electronics equipment and 9 months of internship experience. His skills include power electronics design, programming tools like MATLAB and PSIM, and controllers like Arduino. He is interested in areas like power supplies, drives, electrical vehicles, and solar inverters.
This document contains the resume of Arshad Abbas, a mechanical engineer. It outlines his educational background including a BSc in Mechanical Engineering from MNS University of Engineering and Technology Multan and a diploma in Mechanical Technology from Saffia Polytechnic Institute. It also lists his internship experiences at Northern Power Generation Company and Petrosin Ravi Industries, and projects including a horizontal axis wind turbine and a darkness detector. Personal details and strengths are also included.
ASOKA TECHNOLOGIES
(B.TECH/M.TECH ELECTRICAL PROJECTS USING MATLAB/SIMULINK)
WE OFFER ACADEMIC MATLAB SIMULATION PROJECTS FOR
1. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING [EEE]
2. POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES [PED]
3. POWER SYSTEMS [PS]….etc
We will develop your OWN IDEAS and your IEEE Papers with extension if necessary and also we give guidance for publishing papers…
For Further Details Call Us @
0-9347143789/9949240245
For Abstracts of IEEE papers and for any Queries mail to: asokatechnologies(gmail) and also visit asokatechnologies(blogspot)
In all these systems, the power flow of electrical energy takes place through Electrical Substations. An Electrical Substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries, etc. Basically an electrical substation consists of a number of incoming circuits and outgoing circuits connected to common busbar system. Busbars are conducting bars to which a number of incoming or outgoing circuits are connected. Each circuit has certain electrical components such as circuit-breakers, isolators, earthing switches, current transformers, voltage transformers, etc. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a circuit can be switched off/on during normal operation by manual/remote command and also automatically during abnormal conditions such as short-circuits. A substation receives electrical power from generating station via incoming transmission lines and delivers electrical power via the outgoing transmission lines. Substations
The document discusses options for retrofitting a heat exchanger network (HEN) to improve its efficiency. It analyzes three main retrofit options - resequencing, adding new heat exchangers, and stream splitting. For each option, it examines the effects on the network structure and pinch points. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how each option can eliminate pinch points and improve performance. The overall goal is to help users decide where to make effective structural changes to optimize a HEN.
The field of power systems operation and control including renewable energy (RE) along with power, quality is considered as one of the major technical challenges among the researchers and practicing engineers. Several types of renewable energy resources are available on earth such as solar, wind, Geo-thermal, hydro, etc. The foremost resources of renewable energy are - Sunlight and Wind. The wind energy is always a center of attraction for power engineers. In the wind energy system, the pitch angle of turbine blades is playing an important role in controlling the power output of the system. The pitch angle imposes two types of control on the wind turbine system: aerodynamic torque and the rotational velocity of the turbine system. These parameters directly affect the performance of the wind power generation system in terms of the profile of power, voltage, and current. Conventionally, PID control-based system modeling has been used to evaluate the optimal pitch angle for a given wind pattern. However, PID based Pitch Angle Identification require regular tuning against variation in wind velocity and significant large time for tuning. Thus, Artificial Intelligence could provide a better solution in comparison to PID Based tuning strategy. The present work shows the evaluation of the optimal pitch angle of the wind turbines for variable wind velocity using the Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy. The test results are obtained by MATLAB Simulink modeling of the wind power generation system. The simulation shows that fuzzy logic control will provide an optimal pitch angle to obtain more efficient solutions. The existing fuzzy control-based simulation model solutions can be utilized as a testbed for evaluating the optimal pitch Angle of any geographical region. In the present work, the optimal pitch angle of Various Geographical regions of India.
This document summarizes an undergraduate final year project presentation on wireless power transmission using magnetic resonance. A team of three electrical engineering students from the University of Engineering and Technology Lahore presented their work. Their proposed solution was to use magnetic resonance for wireless power transmission without wires. They discussed their block diagram, hardware developed including a Tesla coil prototype, tests performed, future plans, and references. The goal of the project was to research and demonstrate wireless power transmission over distance without wires.
The document contains the resume of Nisarg Shah, who is pursuing a Master's degree in Electrical Engineering from Cleveland State University and has over 2 years of experience in electrical design and control engineering roles. Shah's resume outlines his educational background, technical skills, work experience including internships, projects undertaken, and certifications obtained, with the objective of seeking a position as an Electrical or Control Engineer.
Joanna H. He has over 5 years of experience in network operation and maintenance engineering for China Unicom, where she led teams to monitor power systems and design centralized monitoring and thermal management systems. She also evaluated electrical systems for data centers, designed renewable energy and energy efficiency upgrades, and led projects saving over $5.5 million. Additionally, she has a Master's degree in Sustainable Energy Systems from the University of Edinburgh and speaks English and Mandarin Chinese.
The document provides a status report for a team working on a project to develop wireless energy transfer for electric vehicles. It summarizes that the team has completed research, simulations, and a small-scale prototype. Key upcoming milestones include completing 85% of the main prototype by March 20th and finishing testing and debugging by April 10th. The report outlines tasks that are ongoing like implementing a touch panel wireless switch and constructing the first prototype. It includes a block diagram of the overall system design.
This document summarizes a student project on the thermal analysis of a mini steam turbine power plant. The objectives of the project are to make the power plant fully operational, point out limitations in existing models and manuals, learn theoretical and practical aspects, and perform a thermal analysis of components. Key components discussed include the feedwater system, fuel burner, steam generator, superheater, impulse turbine, transmission elements, generator, and condenser. Applications of steam turbine power plants and an efficiency analysis of plant blocks are also summarized. A timeline is provided showing tasks to be completed over the next year, including further testing, data analysis, and presentations. Preliminary conclusions note some objectives have been achieved but further study is still needed.
This document summarizes a preliminary study on developing a micro hydro-electric project at Aruvikkuzhi, Kottayam, Kerala. The waterfall is 31m high with an estimated output power of 19.6kW. The study involved collecting data on flow rate and head, analyzing the data to understand project requirements, and producing a feasibility report. If feasible, the next steps would be detailed design, estimation, and implementation of a project to provide electricity to nearby villages from this renewable energy source.
Generation of Higher Number of Voltage Levels by Stacking Inverters of Lower ...Asoka Technologies
This paper proposes a new method of generating higher number of levels in the voltage waveform by stacking multilevel converters with lower voltage space vector structures. An important feature of this stacked structure is the use of low voltage devices while attaining higher number of levels. This will find extensive applications in electric vehicles since direct battery drive is possible. The voltages of all the capacitors in the structure can be controlled within a switching cycle using the switching state redundancies (pole voltage redundancies). This helps in reducing the capacitor size. Also, the capacitor voltages can be balanced irrespective of modulation index and load power factor. To verify the concept experimentally, a 9-level inverter is developed by stacking two 5-level inverters and an induction motor is run using V/f control scheme. Both steady state and transient results are presented.
Robert Miller is seeking an internship in electrical engineering. He has a 3.0 GPA from Missouri University of Science and Technology where he is pursuing a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. Miller has relevant experience from engineering co-ops at Wolf Creek Nuclear Operations and internships at Coffeyville Resources and MC Telephone Company where he performed electrical load calculations, updated records and maps, assisted with projects, and repaired equipment. He has skills in AutoCad, MatLab, ETAP and programming languages and is involved in IEEE and volunteer activities.
This document summarizes the sections and work of the Electric Loco Shed in Mughalsarai, India. There are three types of locomotives maintained: WAP4 for mail and passenger trains, WAMA for passenger and goods trains, and WAG7 for goods trains. The key sections described are the Pneumatic Section which repairs or replaces compression systems, the PPIO section which controls shed performance, the Auxiliary Section which converts power, and the E-1 to E-4 and M-1 to M-3 sections which perform maintenance on electrical equipment, traction motors, microprocessors, relay systems, locomotive structures, and wheels/bearings. The document concludes by briefly describing the pantograph which holds the
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
The field of power systems operation and control including renewable energy (RE) along with power, quality is considered as one of the major technical challenges among the researchers and practicing engineers. Several types of renewable energy resources are available on earth such as solar, wind, Geo-thermal, hydro, etc. The foremost resources of renewable energy are - Sunlight and Wind. The wind energy is always a center of attraction for power engineers. In the wind energy system, the pitch angle of turbine blades is playing an important role in controlling the power output of the system. The pitch angle imposes two types of control on the wind turbine system: aerodynamic torque and the rotational velocity of the turbine system. These parameters directly affect the performance of the wind power generation system in terms of the profile of power, voltage, and current. Conventionally, PID control-based system modeling has been used to evaluate the optimal pitch angle for a given wind pattern. However, PID based Pitch Angle Identification require regular tuning against variation in wind velocity and significant large time for tuning. Thus, Artificial Intelligence could provide a better solution in comparison to PID Based tuning strategy. The present work shows the evaluation of the optimal pitch angle of the wind turbines for variable wind velocity using the Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy. The test results are obtained by MATLAB Simulink modeling of the wind power generation system. The simulation shows that fuzzy logic control will provide an optimal pitch angle to obtain more efficient solutions. The existing fuzzy control-based simulation model solutions can be utilized as a testbed for evaluating the optimal pitch Angle of any geographical region. In the present work, the optimal pitch angle of Various Geographical regions of India.
This document summarizes an undergraduate final year project presentation on wireless power transmission using magnetic resonance. A team of three electrical engineering students from the University of Engineering and Technology Lahore presented their work. Their proposed solution was to use magnetic resonance for wireless power transmission without wires. They discussed their block diagram, hardware developed including a Tesla coil prototype, tests performed, future plans, and references. The goal of the project was to research and demonstrate wireless power transmission over distance without wires.
The document contains the resume of Nisarg Shah, who is pursuing a Master's degree in Electrical Engineering from Cleveland State University and has over 2 years of experience in electrical design and control engineering roles. Shah's resume outlines his educational background, technical skills, work experience including internships, projects undertaken, and certifications obtained, with the objective of seeking a position as an Electrical or Control Engineer.
Joanna H. He has over 5 years of experience in network operation and maintenance engineering for China Unicom, where she led teams to monitor power systems and design centralized monitoring and thermal management systems. She also evaluated electrical systems for data centers, designed renewable energy and energy efficiency upgrades, and led projects saving over $5.5 million. Additionally, she has a Master's degree in Sustainable Energy Systems from the University of Edinburgh and speaks English and Mandarin Chinese.
The document provides a status report for a team working on a project to develop wireless energy transfer for electric vehicles. It summarizes that the team has completed research, simulations, and a small-scale prototype. Key upcoming milestones include completing 85% of the main prototype by March 20th and finishing testing and debugging by April 10th. The report outlines tasks that are ongoing like implementing a touch panel wireless switch and constructing the first prototype. It includes a block diagram of the overall system design.
This document summarizes a student project on the thermal analysis of a mini steam turbine power plant. The objectives of the project are to make the power plant fully operational, point out limitations in existing models and manuals, learn theoretical and practical aspects, and perform a thermal analysis of components. Key components discussed include the feedwater system, fuel burner, steam generator, superheater, impulse turbine, transmission elements, generator, and condenser. Applications of steam turbine power plants and an efficiency analysis of plant blocks are also summarized. A timeline is provided showing tasks to be completed over the next year, including further testing, data analysis, and presentations. Preliminary conclusions note some objectives have been achieved but further study is still needed.
This document summarizes a preliminary study on developing a micro hydro-electric project at Aruvikkuzhi, Kottayam, Kerala. The waterfall is 31m high with an estimated output power of 19.6kW. The study involved collecting data on flow rate and head, analyzing the data to understand project requirements, and producing a feasibility report. If feasible, the next steps would be detailed design, estimation, and implementation of a project to provide electricity to nearby villages from this renewable energy source.
Generation of Higher Number of Voltage Levels by Stacking Inverters of Lower ...Asoka Technologies
This paper proposes a new method of generating higher number of levels in the voltage waveform by stacking multilevel converters with lower voltage space vector structures. An important feature of this stacked structure is the use of low voltage devices while attaining higher number of levels. This will find extensive applications in electric vehicles since direct battery drive is possible. The voltages of all the capacitors in the structure can be controlled within a switching cycle using the switching state redundancies (pole voltage redundancies). This helps in reducing the capacitor size. Also, the capacitor voltages can be balanced irrespective of modulation index and load power factor. To verify the concept experimentally, a 9-level inverter is developed by stacking two 5-level inverters and an induction motor is run using V/f control scheme. Both steady state and transient results are presented.
Robert Miller is seeking an internship in electrical engineering. He has a 3.0 GPA from Missouri University of Science and Technology where he is pursuing a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. Miller has relevant experience from engineering co-ops at Wolf Creek Nuclear Operations and internships at Coffeyville Resources and MC Telephone Company where he performed electrical load calculations, updated records and maps, assisted with projects, and repaired equipment. He has skills in AutoCad, MatLab, ETAP and programming languages and is involved in IEEE and volunteer activities.
This document summarizes the sections and work of the Electric Loco Shed in Mughalsarai, India. There are three types of locomotives maintained: WAP4 for mail and passenger trains, WAMA for passenger and goods trains, and WAG7 for goods trains. The key sections described are the Pneumatic Section which repairs or replaces compression systems, the PPIO section which controls shed performance, the Auxiliary Section which converts power, and the E-1 to E-4 and M-1 to M-3 sections which perform maintenance on electrical equipment, traction motors, microprocessors, relay systems, locomotive structures, and wheels/bearings. The document concludes by briefly describing the pantograph which holds the
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Practical Training Report on RGTPP Ramgarh Jaisalmer
1. A
Practical Training Report
On
RAMGARH GAS THERMAL POWER PLANT
Submitted
In partial fulfillment
For the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Electrical Engineering
Submitted To: Submitted By:
Mr. Ravinder Singh Mann Kamlesh Kumar Bishnoi
Head of Department 13EAYEE026
Department of Electrical Engineering
Arya College of Engineering & Research Centre, Jaipur
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota
[2016-17]