This document provides a summary of Tarunpreet Singh's 6-month industrial training project at Aviox Technology Pvt Ltd from January 2022 to June 2022. The project involved developing a Real Estate Management System using the Django framework. Key features included user registration/login, property search functionality, and an admin dashboard. The project utilized HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and a SQLite3 database. The training helped Tarunpreet Singh gain experience in software development lifecycles, technologies like Python and Django, and project implementation.

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REAL ESTATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Submitted in partial fulfillment
of the
Requirements for the award of
Semester Training
at
Aviox Technology Pvt Ltd
(From Jan 2022 to June 2022)
Under the Guidance of:
VISHAL SHARMA
Submitted By
Name: Tarunpreet
Singh
University Roll No.1908425
Submitted To:
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
SIX MONTHS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
REPORT

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SHAHEED BHAGAT SINGH STATE UNIVERSITY, FIROZPUR, PUNJAB
(INDIA)
TRAINING CERTIFICATE

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Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University Ferozepur, Punjab
CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the report entitled “Semester Software/Industrial
Training & Project” by “Tarunpreet Singh University Roll No.1908425 in partial fulfillment of
requirement for the award of degree of B.TECH submitted in the “Department of CSE” at “Shaheed
Bhagat Singh State University, Ferozepur” is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a
period from January,2022 to June,2022, under the supervision of Mr. Vishal Sharma and co-supervisor
Mr. Ravi Kansal. The matter presented in this report has not been submitted in any other
University/Institute for the award of B.Tech. Degree.
Tarunpreet Singh
Signature of the Student
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: It is my pleasure to be indebted to various people, who directly
or indirectly contributed in the development of this work and who influenced my thinking,
behaviour, and acts during the course of study. I would like to express my gratitude towards my

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parents & member of Aviox Technology Pvt Ltd for their kind co-operation and encouragement
which help me in completion of this project. I am thankful to Mr. Vishal Sharma for their
support, cooperation, and motivation provided to me during the training for constant inspiration,
presence and blessings. I also extend my sincere appreciation to Dr. Sunny Behl , Head of the
Department (CSE) for giving me a chance to make a project on it. Lastly, I would like to thank
the almighty and my parents for their moral support and my friends with whom I shared my day-
to-day experience and received lots of suggestions that improved my quality of work.
Abstract: The purpose of Real Estate Management System is to automate the existing manual
system by the help of computerized equipments and full-fledged computer software fulfilling
their requirements, so that their valuable data can be stored for a longer period with easy
assessing and manipulation of the same. The required software and hardware are easy available
and easy to work with.
Real estate management system can assist the user to concentrate on their other
activities rather to concentrate on the record keeping. Thus it will help organization in better
utilization of resources. The organization can maintain computerized records without redundant
entries. That means that one need not be distracted by information that is not relevant, while
being able to reach the information.

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Table of Contents
Sr No Topic
Page NO:
1 Project Report
1
2 Certificate of training
2
3 To whom it may concern
3
4 Candidate Declaration
4
5 Acknowledgement and Abstract
5
6 Introduction about Company
7
7 Introduction about Project
8-9
8 Introduction to SDLC
10-12
9 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATIONS
13-14
10 INTRODUCTION TO
TECHNOLOGIES /
METHODOLOGY
15-24
11 Feasibility Study
25-27
12 Modules
28-29
13 Learning Objectives OF Training
30-32
14 PROBLEM STATEMENT
33-35
15
Problem Description 36

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16
System Analysis 37-40
17
SCREENSHOTS OF THE
PROJECT
41-46
18 HARDWARE, SOFTWARE TOOLS
AND TECHNOLOGIES
48
19 Future Scope , Conclusion and
References
49
Introduction About Company: Aviox Technologies is one of the best companies that can
play a decisive role in your business's rapid growth. Our comprehensive services will help you
make a success online. Aviox Technologies is a continuously growing company presenting its
commendable services. You can count on us as we have an elite professional team with all the
skills necessary for working. We help organizations to makeover their business with new
technologies to fast track their way of success. So, let your brand undergo digital innovation. We
are extraordinary when it comes to various services offered by us and, with our skills and hard
work, and services, await nothing less than best.
Aviox technologies endeavor to develop several insights and result-driven aspects by providing
competitive edging solutions to our clients and the economy as a whole. Developing pioneering
web solutions and mobile application solutions for your business ranging from start-ups to big
enterprises, with satisfaction is our prime focus. Your success is our satisfaction!
Innovation in Ideas :-Technology is moving at an incredible pace, and we also need to stay
updated with it. Our team of professionals keeps applying innovative ideas with the recent trends
to provide the most satisfactory outcomes in treding world.

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Strategy in Execution:-Our team focuses on crafting smart web solutions with appropriate
research-backed strategies. Following the strategy from beginning till end gives the accurate
measure of heading to the correct path and achieving success
Excellence in Delivery:-Our prime focus is on effective service delivery and escalation
management services to generate customized services for our clients. So we keep on track with
our project completion with best results on desired time.
Satisfaction in Clients:-Providing satisfactory results to the clients is on the hot high
priority for us. We have a vast clientele that is super satisfied with our delivered services as per
their requirement in every field. Need it fast? We’ll make it happen.
We are determined to deliver the best in class and to attain that, we have a strong focus on our
key value pillars that strengthen and guide our execution process.
INTRODUCTION ABOUT PROJECT: This Real Estate Management System Project
in Django created using Python Django Framework on the backend and HTML,CSS and
JavaScript on the frontend. Sqlite3 database was used. It provides login/registration facilities for
users, as well as a user dashboard for viewing and registering for real estate. The system
provides information on the transaction reports that are necessary for MIS. Every user login and
transaction requires authentication and authorization. Because the suggested new approach is
automated, many valuable hours are saved. To operate the program on a client machine, a
complete web-based system is necessary

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Admin Features of Real Estate Management System Project in Django
• Login and Logout – By default the admin need to login first to access the system
and also the admin can logout.
• Manage Users – For the users, the admin can view, add, update, and delete
information of the users.
• Contacts Management– For the contacts, the admin can view, add, update, and
delete information contacts.
• Manage Listings– For the listings, the admin can view, add, update, and delete
listings.
Users Features of Real Estate Management System Project in Django
• Registration – the user need to register first to have an account before he/she can
login in the system
• Login – the user need to login first to access the system.
• Search – the user can search a place, state, price and bedrooms available.
Summary
This project can also be modified to fit your personal requirements. Hope this project will help
you to improve your skills.

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INTRODUCTION TO SDLC:
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used by the software industry to design,
develop and test high quality software’s. SDLC is a process followed for a software project, within
a software organization. It consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace
and alter or enhance specific software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the
quality of software and the overall development process. The SDLC aims to produce a high-quality
software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within times and cost
estimates.

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1. SDLC is the acronym of Software Development Life Cycle.
2. It is also called as Software Development Process.
3. SDLC is a framework defining tasks performed at each step in the software development
process.
4. ISO/IEC 12207 is an international standard for software life-cycle processes. It aims to be
the
standard that defines all the tasks required for developing and maintaining software.
The following figure is a graphical representation of the various stages of a typical SDLC.
A typical Software Development Life Cycle consists of the following stages: –
Stage1: Planning and Requirement Analysis
Requirement analysis is the most important and fundamental stage in SDLC. It is performed by
the senior members of the team with inputs from the customer, the sales department, market
surveys and
domain experts in the industry. This information is then used to plan the basic projectapproach
and to conduct product feasibility study in the economical, operational and technicalareas.
FIGURE 1 SDLC PHASES

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Planning for the quality assurance requirements and identification of the risks associated withthe
project is also done in the planning stage. The outcome of the technical feasibility study isto define
the various technical approaches that can be followed to implement the project successfully with
minimum risks.
Stage 2: Defining Requirements
Once the requirement analysis is done the next step is to clearly define and document the product
requirements and get them approved from the customer or the market analysts. Thisis done
through an SRS (Software Requirement Specification) document which consists of all the
product requirements to be designed and developed during the project life cycle.
Stage 3: Designing the Product Architecture
SRS is the reference for product architects to come out with the best architecture for the product
to be developed. Based on the requirements specified in SRS, usually more than one design
approach for the product architecture is proposed and documented in a DDS - Design Document
Specification.
This DDS is reviewed by all the important stakeholders and based on various parameters as risk
assessment, product robustness, design modularity, budget and time constraints, the best design
approach is selected for the product.
A design approach clearly defines all the architectural modules of the product along with its
communication and data flow representation with the external and third-party modules (if any).
The internal design of all the modules of the proposed architecture should be clearly defined with
the minutest of the details in DDS.
Stage 4: Building or Developing the Product
In this stage of SDLC the actual development starts and the product is built. The programming
code is generated as per DDS during this stage. If the design is performed in a detailed and
organized manner, code generation can be accomplished without much hassle.
Developers must follow the coding guidelines defined by their organization and programmingtools
like compilers, interpreters, debuggers, etc. are used to generate the code. Different highlevel

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programming languages such as C, C++, Pascal, Java and PHP are used for coding. The
programming language is chosen with respect to the type of software being developed.
Stage 5: Testing the Product
This stage is usually a subset of all the stages as in the modern SDLC models, the testing activities
are mostly involved in all the stages of SDLC. However, this stage refers to the testing only stage
of the product where product defects are reported, tracked, fixed and retested, until the product
reaches the quality standards defined in the SRS.
Stage 6: Deployment in the Market and Maintenance:
Once the product is tested and ready to be deployed it is released formally in the appropriate
market. Sometimes product deployment happens in stages as per the business strategy of that
organization. The product may first be released in a limited segment and tested in the real business
environment (UAT- User acceptance testing).
Then based on the feedback, the product may be released as it is or with suggested enhancements
in the targeting market segment. After the product is released in the market, its maintenance is
done for the existing customer base.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS
A Software requirement Specification (SRS) is a document that captures complete description
about how the system is expected to perform. The Software Requirement Specification laysout
functional and non-functional requirements, and may include a set of use cases that describe user
interactions that the software must provide. Software Requirement Specification establishes the
basis for an agreement between customers and contractors or suppliers on whatthe software
product is to do as well as what it is not expected to do. It should also be providinga realistic basis

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for estimating product cost, risks and schedules. Used appropriately, Software requirement
Specification can help prevent software project failure. The purpose of the document is to collect
and analyze all assorted ideas that have come up to define the system,its requirements with respect
to consumers. Also, we shall predict and sort out how we hope this product will be used in order
to gain a better understanding of the project, outline concepts that may be developed later, and
document ideas that are being considered, but may be discarded as the product develops. In short,
the purpose of this SRS document is to providea detailed overview of our software product, its
parameters and goals. This document describes the project's target audience and its user interface,
hardware and software requirements. It defines how our client, team and audience see the product
and its functionality. Nonetheless, it helps any designer and developer to assist in software delivery
lifecycle (SDLC) processes. It is usually signed off at the end of requirements engineering phase.
QualitiesofSRS:
1.Correct
2.Unambiguous
3.Complete
4.Consistent
5.Ranked for importance and/or stability
6.Verifiable
7.Modifiable
8.Traceable
The analyst prepares a system study proposal the manager with a basis for deciding whether to
incur the analysis expense. The system analyst gives the written copies of the proposal to the
manager and MIS steering committee and in some cases he or she makes an oral presentation.
TypesofRequirements:
The below diagram depicts the various types of requirements that are captured during SRS.

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INTRODUCTION TO TECHNOLOGIES / METHODOLOGY
a) HTML:- HTML is an acronym which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language which is
used for creating web pages and web applications. Let's see what is meant by Hypertext Markup
Language, and Web page.
Hyper Text: Hyper Text simply means "Text within Text." A text has a link within it, is a
hypertext. Whenever you click on a link which brings you to a new webpage, you have clicked
FIGURE 2 SRS FEATURES

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on a hypertext. HyperText is a way to link two or more web pages (HTML documents) with each
other.
Markup language: A markup language is a computer language that is used to apply layout and
formatting conventions to a text document. Markup language makes text more interactive and
dynamic. It can turn text into images, tables, links, etc.
Web Page: A web page is a document which is commonly written in HTML and translated by a
web browser. A web page can be identified by entering an URL. A Web page can be of the static
or dynamic type. With the help of HTML only, we can create static web pages.
Advantages :
HTML helps to build structure of a website and is a widely used Markup language.
❖ It is easy to learn.
❖ Every browser supports HTML Language.
❖ HTML is light weighted and fast to load.
❖ Storage of big files are allowed because of the application cache feature.
❖ Do not get to purchase any extra software because it’s by default in every window.
❖ Loose syntax (although, being too flexible won’t suit standards).
❖ HTML is simple to edit as being a plain text.
❖ It integrates easily with other languages such as JavaScript, CSS etc.
❖ HTML is that it is easy to code even for novice programmers.
❖ HTML also allows the utilization of templates, which makes designing a webpage easy.
❖ It is fast to download as the text is compressible.
❖ Very useful for beginners in the web designing field.
❖ HTML can be supported to each and every browser, if not supported to all the browsers.
❖ HTML is built on almost every website, if not all websites.
❖ HTML is increasingly used for data storage as like XML syntax.
❖ HTML has many tag and attributes which can short your line of code.
b) CSS:- Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design language
intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable.
CSS handles the look and feel part of a web page. Using CSS, you can control the color of the
text, the style of fonts, the spacing between paragraphs, how columns are sized and laid out, what

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background images or colors are used, layout designs , variations in display for different devices
and screen sizes as well as a variety of other effects.
CSS is easy to learn and understand but it provides powerful control over the presentation of an
HTML document. Most commonly, CSS is combined with the markup languages HTML or
XHTML.
Advantages of CSS
❖ CSS saves time − You can write CSS once and then reuse same sheet in multiple HTML
pages. You can define a style for each HTML element and apply it to as many Web pages
as you want.
❖ Pages load faster − If you are using CSS, you do not need to write HTML tag attributes
every time. Just write one CSS rule of a tag and apply it to all the occurrences of that tag.
So less code means faster download times.
❖ Easy maintenance − To make a global change, simply change the style, and all elements
in all the web pages will be updated automatically.
❖ Superior styles to HTML − CSS has a much wider array of attributes than HTML, so
you can give a far better look to your HTML page in comparison to HTML attributes.
❖ Multiple Device Compatibility − Style sheets allow content to be optimized for more than
one type of device. By using the same HTML document, different versions of a website
can be presented for handheld devices such as PDAs and cell phones or for printing.
❖ Global web standards − Now HTML attributes are being deprecated and it is being
recommended to use CSS. So its a good idea to start using CSS in all the HTML pages to
make them compatible to future browsers.

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C) JavaScript:- JavaScript is a dynamic computer programming language. It is lightweight
and most commonly used as a part of web pages, whose implementations allow client-side script
to interact with the user and make dynamic pages. It is an interpreted programming language
with object-oriented capabilities.
JavaScript was first known as LiveScript, but Netscape changed its name to JavaScript, possibly
because of the excitement being generated by Java. JavaScript made its first appearance in
Netscape 2.0 in 1995 with the name LiveScript. The general-purpose core of the language has
been embedded in Netscape, Internet Explorer, and other web browsers.
The ECMA-262 Specification defined a standard version of the core JavaScript language.
JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted programming language.
Designed for creating network-centric applications.
Complementary to and integrated with Java.
Complementary to and integrated with HTML.
Open and cross-platform
Client-Side JavaScript
Client-side JavaScript is the most common form of the language. The script should be included
in or referenced by an HTML document for the code to be interpreted by the browser.
It means that a web page need not be a static HTML, but can include programs that interact with
the user, control the browser, and dynamically create HTML content.
The JavaScript client-side mechanism provides many advantages over traditional CGI server-
side scripts. For example, you might use JavaScript to check if the user has entered a valid e-mail
address in a form field.

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The JavaScript code is executed when the user submits the form, and only if all the entries are
valid, they would be submitted to the Web Server.
JavaScript can be used to trap user-initiated events such as button clicks, link navigation, and
other actions that the user initiates explicitly or implicitly.
Advantages of JavaScript
The merits of using JavaScript are −
❖ Less server interaction − You can validate user input before sending the page off to the
server. This saves server traffic, which means less load on your server.
❖ Immediate feedback to the visitors − They don't have to wait for a page reload to see if
they have forgotten to enter something.
❖ Increased interactivity − You can create interfaces that react when the user hovers over
them with a mouse or activates them via the keyboard.
❖ Richer interfaces − You can use JavaScript to include such items as drag-and-drop
components and sliders to give a Rich Interface to your site visitors.
d) Python:- Python is a computer programming language often used to build websites and
software, automate tasks, and conduct data analysis. Python is a general-purpose language,
meaning it can be used to create a variety of different programs and isn’t specialized for any
specific problems. This versatility, along with its beginner-friendliness, has made it one of the
most-used programming languages today. A survey conducted by industry analyst firm
RedMonk found that it was the second-most popular programming language among developers
in 2021.
What is Python used for?
Python is commonly used for developing websites and software, task automation, data analysis,
and data visualization. Since it’s relatively easy to learn, Python has been adopted by many non-

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programmers such as accountants and scientists, for a variety of everyday tasks, like organizing
finances.
“Writing programs is a very creative and rewarding activity,” says University of Michigan and
Coursera instructor Charles R Severance in his book Python for Everybody. “You can write
programs for many reasons, ranging from making your living to solving a difficult data analysis
problem to having fun to helping someone else solve a problem.”
Data analysis and machine learning
Python has become a staple in data science, allowing data analysts and other professionals to use the
language to conduct complex statistical calculations, create data visualizations, build machine
learning algorithms, manipulate and analyze data, and complete other data-related tasks.
Python can build a wide range of different data visualizations, like line and bar graphs, pie charts,
histograms, and 3D plots. Python also has a number of libraries that enable coders to write programs
for data analysis and machine learning more quickly and efficiently, like TensorFlow and Keras.
Advantages of Python
1. Easy to Read, Learn and Write
Python is a high-level programming language that has English-like syntax. This makes it easier to
read and understand the code.
Python is really easy to pick up and learn, that is why a lot of people recommend Python to beginners.
You need less lines of code to perform the same task as compared to other major languages like
C/C++ and Java.
2. Improved Productivity:- Python is a very productive language. Due to the simplicity of Python,
developers can focus on solving the problem. They don’t need to spend too much time in
understanding the syntax or behavior of the programming language. You write less code and get
more things done.
3. Interpreted Language
Python is an interpreted language which means that Python directly executes the code line by line.
In case of any error, it stops further execution and reports back the error which has occurred.

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Python shows only one error even if the program has multiple errors. This makes debugging easier.
4. Dynamically Typed
Python doesn’t know the type of variable until we run the code. It automatically assigns the data type
during execution. The programmer doesn’t need to worry about declaring variables and their data
types.
5. Free and Open-Source
Python comes under the OSI approved open-source license. This makes it free to use and distribute.
You can download the source code, modify it and even distribute your version of Python. This is
useful for organizations that want to modify some specific behavior and use their version for
development.
6. Vast Libraries Support
The standard library of Python is huge, you can find almost all the functions needed for your task.
So, you don’t have to depend on external libraries.
But even if you do, a Python package manager (pip) makes things easier to import other great
packages from the Python package index (PyPi). It consists of over 200,000 packages.
7. Portability
In many languages like C/C++, you need to change your code to run the program on different
platforms. That is not the same with Python. You only write once and run it anywhere.
e) Django Framework:- Django is a high-level Python web framework that enables rapid
development of secure and maintainable websites. Built by experienced developers, Django takes
care of much of the hassle of web development, so you can focus on writing your app without
needing to reinvent the wheel. It is free and open source, has a thriving and active community, great
documentation, and many options for free and paid-for support.
Django helps you write software that is:

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Complete
Django follows the "Batteries included" philosophy and provides almost everything developers
might want to do "out of the box". Because everything you need is part of the one "product", it all
works seamlessly together, follows consistent design principles, and has extensive and up-to-date
documentation.
Versatile
Django can be (and has been) used to build almost any type of website — from content management
systems and wikis, through to social networks and news sites. It can work with any client-side
framework, and can deliver content in almost any format (including HTML, RSS feeds, JSON,
XML, etc).
Internally, while it provides choices for almost any functionality you might want (e.g. several popular
databases, templating engines, etc.), it can also be extended to use other components if needed.
Secure
Django helps developers avoid many common security mistakes by providing a framework that has
been engineered to "do the right things" to protect the website automatically. For example, Django
provides a secure way to manage user accounts and passwords, avoiding common mistakes like
putting session information in cookies where it is vulnerable (instead cookies just contain a key, and
the actual data is stored in the database) or directly storing passwords rather than a password hash.
A password hash is a fixed-length value created by sending the password through a cryptographic
hash function. Django can check if an entered password is correct by running it through the hash
function and comparing the output to the stored hash value. However due to the "one-way" nature
of the function, even if a stored hash value is compromised it is hard for an attacker to work out the
original password.
Django enables protection against many vulnerabilities by default, including SQL injection, cross-
site scripting, cross-site request forgery and clickjacking (see Website security for more details of
such attacks).
Scalable
Django uses a component-based "shared-nothing" architecture (each part of the architecture is
independent of the others, and can hence be replaced or changed if needed). Having a clear separation
between the different parts means that it can scale for increased traffic by adding hardware at any

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level: caching servers, database servers, or application servers. Some of the busiest sites have
successfully scaled Django to meet their demands (e.g. Instagram and Disqus, to name just two).
Maintainable
Django code is written using design principles and patterns that encourage the creation of
maintainable and reusable code. In particular, it makes use of the Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY)
principle so there is no unnecessary duplication, reducing the amount of code. Django also promotes
the grouping of related functionality into reusable "applications" and, at a lower level, groups related
code into modules (along the lines of the Model View Controller (MVC) pattern).
Portable
Django is written in Python, which runs on many platforms. That means that you are not tied to any
particular server platform, and can run your applications on many flavors of Linux, Windows, and
macOS. Furthermore, Django is well-supported by many web hosting providers, who often provide
specific infrastructure and documentation for hosting Django sites.
Django web applications typically group the code that handles each of these steps into separate files:
❖ URLS: While it is possible to process requests from every single URL via a single function,
it is much more maintainable to write a separate view function to handle each resource. A
URL mapper is used to redirect HTTP requests to the appropriate view based on the request

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URL. The URL mapper can also match particular patterns of strings or digits that appear in
a URL and pass these to a view function as data.
❖ View: A view is a request handler function, which receives HTTP requests and returns
HTTP responses. Views access the data needed to satisfy requests via models, and delegate
the formatting of the response to templates.
❖ Models: Models are Python objects that define the structure of an application's data, and
provide mechanisms to manage (add, modify, delete) and query records in the database.
❖ Templates: A template is a text file defining the structure or layout of a file (such as an
HTML page), with placeholders used to represent actual content. A view can dynamically
create an HTML page using an HTML template, populating it with data from a model. A
template can be used to define the structure of any type of file; it doesn't have to be HTML!
f) SQLITE3:- Databases offer numerous functionalities by which one can manage large amounts
of information easily over the web and high-volume data input and output over a typical file such as
a text file. SQL is a query language and is very popular in databases. Many websites use MySQL.
SQLite is a “light” version that works over syntax very much similar to SQL. SQLite is a self-
contained, high-reliability, embedded, full-featured, public-domain, SQL database engine. It is the
most used database engine on the world wide web. Python has a library to access SQLite databases,
called sqlite3, intended for working with this database which has been included with Python package
since version 2.5. SQLite has the following features.
❖ Serverless
❖ Self-Contained
❖ Zero-Configuration
❖ Transactional
❖ Single-Database
SQLite3 can be integrated with Python using sqlite3 module, which was written by Gerhard Haring.
It provides an SQL interface compliant with the DB-API 2.0 specification described by PEP 249.
You do not need to install this module separately because it is shipped by default along with Python
version 2.5.x onwards.
To use sqlite3 module, you must first create a connection object that represents the database and then
optionally you can create a cursor object, which will help you in executing all the SQL statements.
SQLite implements most of the SQL-92 standard for SQL, but lacks some features. For example, it
only partially provides triggers and cannot write to views (however, it provides INSTEAD OF
triggers that provide this functionality). Its support of ALTER TABLE statements is limited.

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SQLite uses an unusual type system for a SQL-compatible DBMS: instead of assigning a type to a
column as in most SQL database systems, types are assigned to individual values; in language terms
it is dynamically typed. Moreover, it is weakly typed in some of the same ways that Perl is: one can
insert a string into an integer column (although SQLite will try to convert the string to an integer
first, if the column's preferred type is integer). This adds flexibility to columns, especially when
bound to a dynamically typed scripting language. However, the technique is not portable to other
SQL products. A common criticism is that SQLite's type system lacks the data integrity mechanism
provided by statically typed columns in other products. The SQLite web site describes a "strict
affinity" mode, but this feature has not yet been added. However, it can be implemented with
constraints like CHECK(typeof(x)='integer').
Tables normally include a hidden rowid index column, which gives faster access. If a database
includes an Integer Primary Key column, SQLite will typically optimize it by treating it as an alias
for rowid, causing the contents to be stored as a strictly typed 64-bit signed integer and changing its
behavior to be somewhat like an auto-incrementing column. Future[when?] versions of SQLite may
include a command to introspect whether a column has behavior like that of rowid to differentiate
these columns from weakly typed, non-autoincrementing Integer Primary Keys.[failed verification]
Feasibility Study:- A feasibility study in real estate is the analysis you conduct before
undertaking development to find out if it is viable. When you are doing a feasibility study, you look
at the proposed location for the development and the conditions impacting the project.
Additionally, you also need to study the environment of the given location for the development to
identify both internal and external factors bearing down on the project.
When conducting your feasibility study, you aim to identify all the aspects of the real estate project
that need to come together if you are to succeed. If you fail to recognize any necessary element, you
risk making incorrect predictions that can take your project down.
A feasibility study’s scope will vary in line with the scale of the real estate project.
The importance of a feasibility study

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Conducting a thorough feasibility study in real estate can take you some time and likely cost you
more money. However, the certainty that comes from knowing that your real estate project is not a
shot in the dark gives you priceless peace of mind.
Some other reasons for your conducting a feasibility study include:-
1. Test your concept
When you are executing a real estate project, cost overruns can mean life or death for your vision.
Therefore, before you even sign one check for the project, you should understand what costs you
might incur.
Since uncovering every aspect of a project is part of the DNA of a feasibility study, you can have
complete visibility on your costs. Once you have all the expenses at hand, you will then be able to
tell, through the study, what overruns to expect and how to plan for them.
The more mistakes in cost that your feasibility study can uncover, the better. You would rather make
these mistakes on paper than in the middle of a running project.
2. Foster confidence in the project
At the end of the day, your ultimate source of confidence for your project has to be its projected
success. Depending on the result of your feasibility study, you can develop (and deepen) a level of
trust in your project.
This especially comes in handy if you are undertaking such a development for the first time. In
addition to giving you confidence concerning the project, it can signal to other stakeholders that you
may have a viable plan.
3. Manage your supply chain
If you run a business with prior projects on course, you should still carry out a feasibility study.
Although that real estate project you are passionate about might be viable on paper, it still requires
support from your supply chain. A feasibility study helps you determine if your overall business can
take the strain of executing the new project successfully.
If this team is operating at capacity handling other projects across your business, a feasibility study

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will highlight this gap. As a result, you will need to decide on whether to bring in other contractors,
hire new permanent team members, or put the proposed project on hold.
4. Assess your financing
For real estate projects, the finance question is a ‘go/no go’ factor when commissioning projects.
One question you must settle before launching a project is how much financing you need for it.
The components of a real estate feasibility study
1. Technical feasibility
The technical aspect of a feasibility study focuses on investigating if you have the technical capacity
to pull the project off. It covers the technical team and other technical resources necessary for
success.
2. Legal feasibility
You need to find out if your project will contravene any laws and regulations. For example, you have
to assess whether you can adhere to zoning laws if you want to put up a building.
3. Operational feasibility
Does your project have the necessary operational infrastructure in place to deliver successfully?
Furthermore, how will this project enhance the company's overall operations?
These are the kinds of questions a feasibility study can help you answer.
4. Scheduling feasibility
A critical element of your project is the time it will take. Financially speaking, knowing your
timelines helps you figure out how well capitalized you are for the project.
In addition, when you know what time frame you have to get the project done, you can better
determine what buffers to put in place. A feasibility study helps you arrive at a realistic schedule for
getting the project done. That then enables you to track the necessary metrics as the development
goes on.

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Real estate feasibility study is the basic analysis and research conducted around the property in
question, to ascertain if the property development is viable or not. And to ascertain whether it is a
stable and profitable investment. Any real estate feasibility study takes into consideration the below
factors:
❖ Location of the property
❖ Demographic influences like socio–political-economic conditions
❖ Legal and economic considerations
❖ Weather and environmental conditions impacting the development
❖ Resource’s availability
❖ Internal and external influences
❖ Technical requirements
❖ Competition in the market
❖ Organizational capacity needed to kick start the project
Modules: It has two Modules.
1 Admin Module 2 User Module
1 Admin Module: Dashboard: In this section, admin can see all detail in brief like total property
type, total country, total state, total city, total agent, total owner, total buyer(user) ant total property
listed.
❖ Property Type: In this section, the admin can manage property type (add/update).
❖ Country: In this section, admin can manage country (add/update).
❖ State: In this section, admin can manage state (add/update).
❖ City: In this section, the admin can manage city (add/update).
❖ Owner: In this section, admin can view the detail of the owners.
❖ Agents: In this section, admin can view the detail of agents.
❖ User: In this section, admin can view the detail of the user.
❖ List of properties: In this section, admin can view details of the property listed,
❖ Reviews: In this section admin, can view reviews and also approved, disapproved and delete
the reviews which is given by users.

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❖ Pages: In this section, the admin can manage about us and contact us pages.
❖ Search Property: In this section admin, can search the listed property by its property id, name
and mobile number.
2 User Module: Property Owner
❖ Home Page: Owner can view the home page of the real estate management system
❖ About: Owner can view about us page.
❖ Properties: Owner can view own and other owner properties they can view property type
wise, Status wise and city wise.
❖ Contact us: Owner can view contact us page.
❖ My Account: In this, there is three sections: (A) User Profile
In this section, the owner do the following activity
Edit Profile: Owner can edit his/her own profile.
❖ Change Password: Owner can change his/her own password.
❖ Add Property: Owner can add his/her own property
❖ My Properties: Owner can see his/her own listed properties.
❖ Received Enquiries: Owner can view receive enquiries against his/her own listed properties
and also answer the enquiries.
❖ Answer Enquiries: Owner can view answer enquiries.
❖ Logout: Owner can logout from own account.
(B)Change Password: Owner can change his/her own password.
(C)Logout: Owner can logout from own account.
Brokers / Agents
❖ Home Page: Agents can view the home page of the real estate management system.
❖ About: Agents can view about us page.
❖ Properties: Agents can view own and other owner properties they can view property type
wise, Status wise and city wise.
❖ Contact us: Agents can view contact us page.
❖ My Account: In this, there are three sections: (A)User Profile
In this section, Agents do the following activity
Edit Profile: Agents can edit his/her own profile.
Change Password: Agents can change his/her own password.
Add Property: Agents can add his/her own property.

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My Properties: Agents can see his/her own listed properties.
Received Enquiries:Agents can view receive enquiries against his/her own listed properties and
also answer the enquiries.
Answer Enquiries: Agents can view answer enquiries.
Logout: Agents can logout from own account.
(B)Change Password: Agents can change his/her own password.
(C)Logout: Agents can logout from own account.
Buyer(simple user)
❖ Home Page: User can view the home page of the real estate management system
❖ About: User can view about us page.
❖ Properties: User can view properties they can view property type wise, Status wise and city
wise and put his/her enquiries against any property
❖ Contact us: User can view contact us page.
❖ My Account: In this, there is three sections: (A)User Profile
In this section, Agents do the following activity
Edit Profile: Agents can edit his/her own profile.
Change Password: Agents can change his/her own password.
Logout: Agents can logout from own account.
Learning Objectives OF Training:
❖ Explore career alternatives prior to graduation.
❖ Integrate theory and practice.
❖ Assess interests and abilities in their field of study.
❖ Learn to appreciate work and its function in the economy.
❖ Develop work habits and attitudes necessary for job success.
❖ Develop communication, interpersonal and other critical skills in the job interview process.
❖ Build a record of work experience.
❖ Acquire employment contacts leading directly to a full-time job following graduation from
college.
❖ Identify, write down, and carry out performance objectives (mutually agreed upon by the
employer, the MCC experiential learning supervisor, and the student) related to their job
assignment.
❖ What skills would you like to develop? (circle all that apply)
• Critical thinking/problem solving • Time management • Written communication
• Technology • Organization/planning • Verbal communication

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• Leadership • Flexibility • Intercultural communication
• Interpersonal • Adaptability • Intergenerational communication
• Other____________________________________
1. Communication skills. (i.e. speaking, writing, presenting, persuasion (sales), customer
service, interpersonal, teamwork, leadership, and listening — as practiced in the professional
world.)
2. Professional behavior and/or knowledge. (i.e. learn employer expectations for
workplace behaviors; gain knowledge of a specific company/industry; learn specific
common job functions such as: marketing, management, customer service, accounting,
security, PR, production, design, training, patient care, IT, research, etc.; relate classroom
learning to its application in the workplace.)
3. Computer/technology.(i.e. improve skills with specific hardware/software/applications
or social media; understand how certain technologies are used in specific
industries/companies; achieve certification in a specific technical area.)
4. Specific skill-building. (i.e. Improve skills, confidence, competency in specific areas
related to your academic major or your particular area of career interest.)
5. Project-related skills. (i.e. develop skills in research, analysis, organization, time
management, teamwork, multiple task coordination, initiative, adaptability, and project
completion.)
6. Employability-enhancing activities. (i.e. gain experience to add to your resume;
expand your network of company or industry contacts; earn a job reference to vouch for your
performance.)
Training Objectives Designing Realistic Training Objectives For Employee Training Lisa Aharon
Guest Author October 19, 2021Tags:elearning, employee training
What are training objectives?
While often overlooked, planning and setting training objectives for learning activities are among
the most significant parts of the training development cycle. Training objectives are statements of
what the learner(s) should be able to do after completing the teaching and practice sessions. Not a
one-size-fits-all, they differ between industries and organizations. They are primarily concerned with
outcomes such as newly acquired or enhanced skills, or an earned credential, all of which are directly
related to the advancement of their career path.
As a rule of thumb, they should be written before the lessons or instruction is designed. Otherwise,
the entire competency training will fall all over the place. This is because training objectives align
everyone in the team to a clear path leading to a single goal. With clear objectives set in place,
trainers can hone more focused lessons and course design containing only the most needed
information. As for the employees’ side, knowing exactly the information and skillset they should
be gaining will improve their learning experience. It’s a great motivation for them to attend and
complete the training, and also increase their knowledge retention.
Setting your training objectives doesn’t need to be intimidating. Below, we’ll walk you through a

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step-by-step process for developing specific and measurable training objectives for your employees.
Training Objectives
One model for Training Objectives
We can use the SMART template to define learning objectives. SMART objectives are: Specific,
Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-bound.
Specific
The learning objectives, lesson plan objectives, or effective training objectives are focused, not
general. The corporate training speaks to precise points.
Measurable
Objective (not subjective) measurements can assess how much learners have accomplished.
Measurable objectives show proof of learning.
Attainable
The objectives of corporate learning are based on reality, not just put down to look good on paper.
Learning, lesson plan, and training objectives which are unrealistic are doomed to fail from the start.
Relevant
These objectives relate to your learners in obvious and logical ways. Your learners directly benefit
from accomplishing them.
Time-bound
There is a finite, but reasonable, time frame in which to do the teaching, practice, and measuring.
Learn to appreciate work and its function in the economy. Develop work habits and attitudes
necessary for job success. Develop communication, interpersonal and other critical skills in the job
interview process.

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PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The unemployment rate in India, amidst lockdown and restrictions on mobility, is 12.81% as of June
8th 2021 based on the data provided by the CMIE. Earlier, the unemployment rate in India shot up
from 6.5 per cent in March 2021 to 8 per cent in April 2021, to 14.7% by May end, while the
employment rate fell from 37.6 per cent in March to 36.8 per cent in April, says the report of CMIE
– Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy.
In 2020, the unemployment rate in India fell to 7% in September 2020 from the record high of 29%
since the country went into lockdown from March 2020, However, it later increased to 9.1% in
December 2020.
Unemployment is a situation when a person actively searches for a job and is unable to find work.
Unemployment indicates the health of the economy.
The unemployment rate is the most frequent measure of unemployment. The unemployment rate is
the number of people unemployed divided by the working population or people working under
labour force.
To solver the above problem “GCP” provides jobs to unemployed peoples.
“GCP” performs their every task manually so it was very difficult for them to manage that, so they
Really want to move towards automation. So that’s the main reason of building this application.
They face many problems when they want to connect to their clients because they used to do that
manually. Even they use to find data of clients from different websites or applications that was quite
time-consuming process .so that’s the main reason they want their own application which will do
every thing by its own. And they also want to save their time in searching of clients.
Importance of a problem statement
A problem statement is important to a process improvement project because it helps clearly identify
the goals of the project and outline the scope of a project. It also helps guide the activities and
decisions of the people who are working on the project. The problem statement can help a business
or organization gain support and buy-in for a process improvement project.
What are the key elements of a problem statement?
There are four key elements you should include when writing a problem statement:
1. Ideal situation
The first thing your problem statement should describe is what the ideal situation would be if there
wasn't a problem you needed to address. This section identifies the goals and scope of the project

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are. This section should create a clear understanding of what the ideal environment will be once the
issue has been resolved.
2. Reality
The next section of your problem statement should describe what the current reality is for your
company or organization. This section will identify what the problem is, state why it is a problem
and identify who the problem is impacting. It will also describe when and where the problem was
identified.
3. Consequences
The next section of your problem statement should identify what the consequences of the problem
are. This section describes the effects of the problem by describing how the people affected by the
problem are being impacted and quantifying how much the problem is impacting them. Common
consequences can include the loss of time, money, resources, competitive advantage, productivity
and more.
4. Proposal
The proposal section of a problem statement may contain several possible solutions to the problem,
but it is important to remember that it does not need to identify a specific solution. The purpose of
the proposal section should be to guide the project team on how they can research, investigate and
resolve the problem.
THE PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCESS:

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1. Define the problem
Diagnose the situation so that your focus is on the problem, not just its symptoms. Helpful
problem-solving techniques include using flowcharts to identify the expected steps of a process
and cause-and-effect diagrams to define and analyze root causes.
The sections below help explain key problem-solving steps. These steps support the involvement
of interested parties, the use of factual information, comparison of expectations to reality, and a
focus on root causes of a problem. You should begin by:
Reviewing and documenting how processes currently work (i.e., who does what, with what
information, using what tools, communicating with what organizations and individuals, in what
time frame, using what format).
Evaluating the possible impact of new tools and revised policies in the development of your
"what should be" model.
2. Generate alternative solutions
Postpone the selection of one solution until several problem-solving alternatives have been
proposed. Considering multiple alternatives can significantly enhance the value of your ideal
solution. Once you have decided on the "what should be" model, this target standard becomes
the basis for developing a road map for investigating alternatives. Brainstorming and team
problem-solving techniques are both useful tools in this stage of problem solving.
Many alternative solutions to the problem should be generated before final evaluation. A
common mistake in problem solving is that alternatives are evaluated as they are proposed, so
the first acceptable solution is chosen, even if it’s not the best fit. If we focus on trying to get the
results we want, we miss the potential for learning something new that will allow for real
improvement in the problem-solving process.
3. Evaluate and select an alternative
Skilled problem solvers use a series of considerations when selecting the best alternative. They
consider the extent to which:
A particular alternative will solve the problem without causing other unanticipated problems.
All the individuals involved will accept the alternative.
Implementation of the alternative is likely.
The alternative fits within the organizational constraints.
4. Implement and follow up on the solution
Leaders may be called upon to direct others to implement the solution, "sell" the solution, or
facilitate the implementation with the help of others. Involving others in the implementation is an
effective way to gain buy-in and support and minimize resistance to subsequent changes.
Regardless of how the solution is rolled out, feedback channels should be built into the
implementation. This allows for continuous monitoring and testing of actual events against
expectations. Problem solving, and the techniques used to gain clarity, are most effective if the

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solution remains in place and is updated to respond to future changes.
Problem Description:
The problem description based on the work target in the Training:
Problem solving training is a second therapeutic intervention, used if the gambler shows poor
problem solving skills when coping with excessive gambling activities. Problem solving training
becomes an integral aspect of the treatment of the pathological gambler if the therapist and the
patient identify that additional skills are needed to solve the actual problems related to excessive
gambling. The therapist will introduce a problem solving technique (Goldfried & Davison,
1976???) that involves the following five steps: (i) defining the problem, (ii)collecting
information about the problem, (iii)generating different solutions, (iv) listing advantages and
disadvantages for each solution, and (v) implementing and evaluating the solution. The patient
learns how to cope with the difficulties related to gambling. For example, in order to have better
control overspending, they may decide to pay their bills immediately after they are issued, create
a budget, and carry only the amount of money they need.
Problem-Based Learning:
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered approach in
which students learn about a subject by working in groups to solve an open-ended problem. This
problem is what drives the motivation and the learning.
Why Use Problem-Based Learning?
❖ Working in teams.
❖ Managing projects and holding leadership roles.
❖ Oral and written communication.
❖ Self-awareness and evaluation of group processes.
❖ Working independently.
❖ Critical thinking and analysis.
❖ Explaining concepts.
❖ Self-directed learning.
❖ Applying course content to real-world examples.
❖ Researching and information literacy.
❖ Problem solving across disciplines.

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System Analysis:
CONTEXT LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
In our DFD, we give names to data flows, processes, and data stores. Although the names are
descriptive of the data, they do not give details. So, the following the DFD, our interest is to
build some structured place to keep details of the contents of data flow, processes, and data store.
A data dictionary is a structured repository of data about data. It is a set of rigorous definition of
all DFD data element and data structure.
DFD SYMBOLS:
In the DFD, there are four symbols: -
1.A Square defines a source (originator) or destination of system data.
2.An Arrow identifies data flow- data in motion. It is pipeline through which information
3.A circle or a bubble (or an oval bubble) represents a process that transforms incoming data
flow(s) into outgoing data flow(s)
DFD is the abbreviation for Data Flow Diagram. The flow of data of a system or a process is
represented by DFD. It also gives insight into the inputs and outputs of each entity and the
process itself. DFD does not have control flow and no loops or decision rules are present.
Specific operations depending on the type of data can be explained by a flowchart. Data Flow
Diagram can be represented in several ways. The DFD belongs to structured-analysis modeling
tools. Data Flow diagrams are very popular because they help us to visualize the major steps and
data involved in software-system processes.
components of DFD
The Data Flow Diagram has 3 components:
Process
Input to output transformation in a system takes place because of process function. The symbols
of a process are rectangular with rounded corners, oval, rectangle or a circle. The process is
named a short sentence, in one word or a phrase to express its essence
Data Flow
Data flow describes the information transferring between different parts of the systems. The
arrow symbol is the symbol of data flow. A relatable name should be given to the flow to
determine the information which is being moved. Data flow also represents material along with
information that is being moved. Material shifts are modeled in systems that are not merely
informative. A given flow should only transfer a single type of information. The direction of
flow is represented by the arrow which can also be bi-directional.
Warehouse
The data is stored in the warehouse for later use. Two horizontal lines represent the symbol of
the store. The warehouse is simply not restricted to being a data file rather it can be anything like
a folder with documents, an optical disc, a filing cabinet. The data warehouse can be viewed
independent of its implementation. When the data flow from the warehouse it is considered as

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data reading and when data flows to the warehouse it is called data entry or data updation.
1st
Level User:

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1st
Level Admin

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2nd
Level Admin

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SCREENSHOTS OF THE PROJECT:

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Open Command Prompt and Run the project.

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Admin Page.

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Register Page.

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HARDWARE, SOFTWARE TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
• 64-bit Microsoft® Windows® 8/10
• x86_64 CPU architecture; 2nd generation Intel Core or newer, or AMD CPU with support for
a Windows Hypervisor
• 8 GB RAM or more
• 8 GB of available disk space minimum (IDE)
• 1280 x 800 minimum screen resolution
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
❖ Programming Language: Python with Django
❖ Web Server: Local Server 8000/
❖ Database Server: SQLITE3
❖ OS: WINDOWS 8,7, XP
❖ Front end: The front end is designed using HTML CSS and Javascript
❖ Back end: Django Framework

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Future scope of the project:
In these days there is a lot of demand of online real estate
website so we provide the users with a platform where they can easily find the best available
properties and can bid for the property. It is a user-friendly application for real estate which
provides the user to search the property according to their demands and range on just one click.
We can give more advance software for Real Estate Management System including more
facilities. We will host the platform on online servers to make it accessible worldwide. Integrate
multiple load balancers to distribute the loads of the system. Implement the backup mechanism
for taking backup of codebase and database on regular basis on different servers. We can
maintain the records of Property and Property type. Also, as it can be seen that now-a-days the
players are versatile, i.e. so there is a scope for introducing a method to maintain the Real Estate
Management System. Enhancement can be done to maintain all the Property, Property Type,
Property Details. In the last we would like to thanks all the persons involved in the development
of the system directly or indirectly. We hope that the project will serve its purpose for which it is
develop there by underlining success of process.
Conclusion.
Considering efforts have made the software easy to operate even for the people not
related to the field of computers but it is acknowledgement that a layman may find
it a bit problematic at the first instance. The user is provided help at each step for
his convenience in working with the software.
References.
Websites:
• www.w3schools.com
• www.django.com
• www.google.co.in
• www.wikipedia.com

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