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LIST OF CONTENTS
Subject Page
Chapter 1
NEPCO co. Overview............................................................................ 2
1.1 The origins and evolution of the Organization…………....………. 2
1.2 The objectives and the Responsibilities ……….…...................... 3
Chapter 2
Sections of the Training ……………………………………............................... 4
2.1 Transmission lines simulator and voltage laboratory………….. 4
2.2 House wiring fundamentals ………….….……………...................... 6
2.3 Underground power cables design ……...………………………....... 7
2.4 Transformer operation, testing and maintenance ……………... 9
2.5 MV switchgear testing and operation ……………………………….. 11
2.6 Programmable logic control (PLC)………………………………………. 12
2.7 AC motors control………………………………………………………………. 13
2.8 Specification of transmission and distribution networks…….. 14
Chapter 3
Advantages, Suggestions and recommendations ………………………..…. 16
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1.1 The origins and evolution of the Organization.
National Electric Power Company is considered to become the natural
and legal successor to Jordan Electricity Authority which was established in
accordance with special Decree No. (21) of 1967 with an independent financial and
administrative existence. In order to enable the new company to perform its activities,
1996 Decree No (10), subsequently amended by Decree No (13) of 1999, was issued
to regulate the electricity sector in Jordan, especially with respect
to power generation and distribution.
National Electric Power Company was restructured into three separate companies
starting from 1 January 1999 in execution of the Council of Ministers' resolution taken
on 4 October 1997 which stipulated that government should maintain the ownership
of the activities of transmission, power control. Power purchase and sale and power
exchange with neighboring countries.
Company Ambitions:
1. Setting, applying, and developing the total quality system.
2. Developing the safety and environmental activities.
3. Commercializing the electrical training center to serve the whole region.
4. Developing the international consultation services and training activities, and
transferring it to a profitable center.
5. Developing the company’s regulations including a new employee incentive
system.
6. Following up a comprehensive plan for the electrical system.
7. Developing the electrical load management to the best usage.
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1.2 The objectives and the Responsibilities.
NEPCO Responsibilities:
1. Power System safe and economic operation (System Operator).
2. Transmission system constructing, owning and maintaining (Transmission
Network Owner).
3. Planning and developing the power system.
4. Purchasing electricity from different sources and selling it to distribution companies
(Single Buyer).
5. Procuring the required fuel for power plant operation.
6. Importing and exporting electricity with neighboring countries.
7. Contracting the new generation capacity to meet the future demand.
NEPCO Objectives:
1. Construction, planning, development, operation, maintenance and management of
the control systems, and the electric transmission and interconnection networks.
2. Management of the processes of purchasing, transmitting, control and selling
the electric power inside Jordan and to the neighboring countries and conducting
the planning studies in this regard.
3. Providing services, consultancy and studies related to the electric power to variant
parties inside and outside Jordan.
4. Setting the comprehensive quality system for all the company's activities and
following up its implementation and developing it.
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2.1 Transmission lines simulator and voltage laboratory.
Period: 21/6/2015 - 24/6/2015
In this section we pass through two laboratory:
1- High voltage lab : this lab Consist of the
following experiments:
Air Dielectric test: the aim of this experiment is
to measure the breakdown voltage for the air
by the spark at different conditions.(see fig. 1 )
Solid materials Dielectric test: the aim of this
experiment is to measure the breakdown
voltage of the materials depending on its type and
thickness. (see fig. 1 )
Insulating oils Electrical durability test:
the aim of this experiment is to measure the
breakdown voltage of the oil depending on the
Impurities quantity.(see fig. 2 )
Corona effect on the insulator: the aim of this
experiment is to hear and see the flash over and to
see the effect of humidity on corona.( see fig. 3 )
Surge arrester test: the aim of this experiment is to
measure the rated voltage of the surge arrester.(
see fig. 4 )
Voltage distribution on a Series of isolators: the
aim of this experiment is to determine the
voltage on each isolator.( see fig. 5 )
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
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Grounding resistance test: the aim of this experiment
is to know how to use the earth tester device.( see
fig. 6 )
2- Transmission lines simulator lab ; this lab Consist of the
following experiments:
The effect of live line on dead line of double circuits
transmission: the aim of this experiment is to
recognize the induction, mutual capacitance and mutual
inductance between live and dead lines.(see fig. 7)
End of transmission line voltage with load and no-load:
the aim of this experiment is to recognize the end line
voltage in no-load case and the relation between the load
and that voltage.( see fig. 9 )
Electric faults on transmission lines: the aim of this
experiment is to recognize the various faults types and how
to protect against each type.( see fig. 7 )
Effect of the power factor: the aim of this experiment is to
know how to improve the power factor.( see fig. 8 )
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9
Figure 6
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2.2 House wiring fundamentals.
Period: 28/6/2015 - 1/7/2015
In this section we first have brief overview of these concepts:
Consumer groups and the total demand of each one
Earthing , earthing continuity conductor and earth electrode
The requirements to deliver a power to the consumers from charts ,
schematic diagrams and calculations.
Choosing the proper flux intensity (lux)of the light depending on the type
of the room.
The requirements to control the power from circuit breakers , fuses ,
switches , timers and buttons.
The parts of Electric power measuring device (the counter)
And the working principle of it and the Installation requirements.
The types of the electrical circuits which includes main circuits , sub-
circuits and final sub-circuits.
Symbols of electrical installations.
Secondly we executed the following exercises:
Connecting single phase consumption counter (Kwh) with earth leakage
circuit breaker (RCCB) with distribution board to light up a florescent
lamp.( see fig. 10 )
Lighting a bulb
using mercury
timer. ( see fig. 11 ).
Figure 10
Figure 11
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2.3 Underground power cables design.
Period: 5/7/2015 - 8/7/2015
In this section we first have brief overview of these concepts:
Comparison between overhead and underground
systems.
Construction of underground cables including the
Components of low, medium, high and submarine
Voltage Power Cables. ( see fig. 12 )
The characteristics and types of insulation materials of
power cables.
Choosing the proper cross sectional area by
calculations.
Types of faults that can occur to the cables electrical,
mechanical and chemical faults.
Installation instructions and types of the joins straight, termination and
transition joints.(see fig. 13 )
Figure 12
Figure 13
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Secondly we executed the following tests:
determining the insulation quality, location and the
distance of the underground cables using these
following instruments:
1- Insulation tester (megger): this device used to
determine the insulation level by measuring the
resistance and display it.( see fig. 14 )
2- Time domain reflectometer ( TDR ): this device don’t
give me the exact location of the fault rather it can limit
the fault within a specific length.(see fig. 15 )
3- Tracer: this device is used to track the cable by using
the lead that produce a buzzer if the cable is close.( see
fig. 16 )
4- Pin pointer: this device will locate the exact
location of the fault by charging the cable with voltage
and hearing the sound of Explosion at the location of
fault. ( see fig. 17 )
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
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2.4 Transformer operation, testing and maintenance.
Period: 12/7/2015 - 15/7/2015
In this section we first have brief overview of these concepts:
the types of substations according to it’s function ( step up,step down ) and
according to the method if isolating ( AIS,GIS ).
The parts of the substation ( we wnt on tour to a substation and saw all the
parts ) see the figures below:
1- High voltage cables
enter The substation
3- Isolators and
earth switches
2-Voltage
transformer
(VT)
4- Current
Transformer
(CT)
5- SF6 CB
6- Bus Bar
Isolator
7- Bus Bars
8- oil CBs and
CTs
9- Surge
Arrester
10- Transformer
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Introduction to power transformers, Classification of transformers and the
parts of the transformers ( see fig. 18 )
Secondly we executed the following tests:
Transformer Oil moisture test ( see fig. 19 ).
Transformer Oil breakdown voltage test ( see fig. 20 ).
Transformer isolation resistance test ( see fig. 21 )
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
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2.5 MV switchgear testing and operation.
Period: 19/7/2015 - 22/7/2015
In this section we first have brief overview of these concepts:
The types of electrical switches ( CBs, load switches, Fuses, autoclosers
and isolators ).
The functions, parts and types of circuit breakers.
Methods of arch quenching of circuit breakers.
Secondly we executed the following tests:
Tripping time test for ABB ( 400 A ) circuit breaker (see fig.22 ).
Tripping time test for SIEMENS ( 630 A ) circuit breaker (see fig.23 ).
Figure 22 Figure 23
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2.6 Programmable logic control (PLC).
Period: 25/7/2015 - 28/7/2015
In this section we first have brief overview of these concepts:
Introduction to the main
components of SIEMENS S7200 cpu
222 ( Power supply, cpu, input
ports, output ports ) (see fig. 24 ).
The requirement of connecting the
PLC to the PC ( cable type, address,
protocol, speed, type of network,
software).
Learning how to write a program as
a software and execute it as hardware and
recognize the results.( see fig. 25 )
Figure 24
Figure 25
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2.7 AC motors control.
Period: 2/8/2015 - 5/8/2015
In this section we first have brief overview of these concepts:
Types of electrical motors.
The Conditions that must be met in the electrical motors.
Type of motors starters.
Working principle of the contactor.
Secondly we executed the following experiments:
Control circuit with one contactor for a 3 phase motor ( see fig. 26 ).
Control circuit with two contactors to reverse the rotation of 3 phase
motor ( see fig. 27 ).
Control circuit with 3 contactors and timer to run the motor in delta and
star ( see fig. 28 )
Control circuit to run and stop the motor immediately with a DC brake.
Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28
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2.8 Specification of transmission and distribution networks.
Period: 9/8/2015 - 12/8/2015
In this section we first have brief overview of these concepts:
Types of high, medium and low voltage transmission and distribution
towers and their parts, specifications and their Accessories.
The insulators of the transmission lines and their types ( fig. 29 shows a
components of a tower single insulator series ).
The conductors and their types.
The joints and their types.
Figure 29
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Secondly we executed the following experiments:
Welding a Fiber Optic ground Wire ( see fig. 30 )
Figure 30
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3.1 Advantages of the training.
1. We’ve got a chance to see and deal with electrical instruments that aren’t
available in our university.
2. We built a good relationship with the instructors in the field and we benefits
from their experience.
3. We strengthen our Theoretical informations by a practical tests and
experiments.
4. We collect a very important hints and information that can be a starting line
for our future career.
5. Recognizing the brilliant implementation and the huge work of the
transmission lines system from equipments, maintenance and protection.
3.2 Suggestions and recommendations.
1. Adding more practical part to the sections instead of theoretical part.
2. Decreasing the rest time and add that time for more tests and experiments.
3. Provide each student with a gift such as parts of electrical equipments at the
end of the training as a souvenir.
