PPT on wind energy

1. Electrical Materials
Materials used in
electrical power
systems
Wind Energy
Dr. Asmaa Farid Nasif
Sec.5
By: Maryam Osama

2. Agenda
• Overview
• Components Of Wind Turbine
- Nacelle
- Rotor(Blades)
- Tower and Foundation
• Total Materials
• The End

3. Overview
History of Wind Turbines
• In the past, windmills were associated with agriculture, especially grain milling,
such as corn or wheat, where windmills were used to generate grinding power.
• In July 1887,the first windmill (wind turbine) used for producing electricity
in scotland built by Prof James Blyth.
• Nowadays, Technology and industry developed a lot, especially after World War
II, which led to the development of the wind turbines.
• According to a report from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, wind
turbines are predominantly made of steel (71-79% of total turbine mass);
fiberglass, resin or plastic (11-16%); iron or cast iron (5- 17%); copper (1%);
and aluminum (0-2%).

4. Components
of wind
Turbine
• Wind Turbine Anatomy
• Materials Used

5. • Nacelle
• Rotor (Blades)
• Tower
Main Parts

6. Nacelle

7. • What are the materials of wind turbine nacelle?
• The nacelle is a strong, hollow shell that contains the inner workings of the wind
turbine. Usually made of fiberglass, the nacelle contains the main drive shaft and
the gearbox. It also contains the blade pitch control, a hydraulic system that
controls the angle of the blades, and the yaw drive,..
• Materials used in Nacelle Components
• 1- Generator:
1- Rotator made of Copper wires.(Conductive material)
2- magnets in the stator are actually electromagnets--loops of wire around an
iron core. (Magnetic and conductive material)
3- Metal brushes ride on these metal rings, and the output wires from the generator
are attached to the two metal
brushes

8. 2- Wind turbine Gearbox
• wind turbine gearboxes are made of steel,
aluminum or brass. Other material may also be
used. All wind turbine gearbox types have their
unique form and special features.
• Types of gear materials
• 1- Carbon Steel for Structural Machine Usage
• 2-Chrome-molybdenum Alloy Steel
• 3-Stainless Steel
• 4-Copper Alloy Casting
Carbon Steel
Chrome –molybdenum
Stainless steel Gear part
Copper Alloy Casting

9. 3- Shafts
• The materials of the shaft
• Generally, the material of the shafts is mild steel &
carbon steel with grades 40 C 8, 45 C 8, 50 C 4, and 50 C
12. Nickel, nickel-chromium, or vanadium are the material
used for the shaft in high-strength applications.
Nickel, Chromium
Mild steel
High speed Shaft
Low speed shaft

10. 4- Brake ,Yaw drive and Yaw
motor
• Brake :The brake pad material mainly comprises Cu, Fe,
Fe2B, FeB, Al2O3, SiO2, graphite, glass fiber, glass
powder and fine SiO2.
• Yaw system(Yaw drive – Yaw motor) : the same
materials used in Gearbox.
Yaw drive Wind Turbine Brake
SiO2

11. 5-controller,Anemometer and
Wind Vane
• Controller: it's an electronic part so it's made of conductors semiconductors and
insulators
• Conductors such as steel, aluminum, and copper.
• Semiconductors as Gallium arsenide, germanium, silicon
• Insulators Porcelain, plastic, ceramic, polymer.. etc
• Anemometer: made of a material with a high temperature coefficient of
resistance such as tungsten, platinum, platinum-rhodium, and platinum-iridium
• Wind Vane: It can be made manually. But it's usually made of steel , iron and
metals with certain properties.

12. Rotor and Tower

13. Rotor (Blades)
Heading
structure
cover
Blade Pitch
Blade pitch control is a feature of nearly all
large modern horizontal-axis wind turbines.
While operating, a wind turbine's control
system adjusts the blade pitch to keep the
rotor speed within operating limits as the
wind speed changes.
made of aluminium, fibber glass or carbon
fibber because they provide batter strength
to weight ratio.
Made of metals sush as steel and iron

15. Tower and Foundation
Types of Wind Tower
• The lattice wind turbine tower
• The concrete wind turbine tower
• The tubular steel wind turbine tower
Materials used in Wind Tower
• Steel
• Concrete
• Lattice
The foundation
• The substantial amount of concrete typically used in foundations for
large wind turbines requires a concomitant large amount of cement, in
addition to sand and aggregate. Production of cement is energy
intensive and involves considerable generation of C02.

16. Total materials
Material
Percentage of total
mass
Material
Percentage of total
mass
Steel 71-79% Aluminum 0-2%
Fiberglass or resin or
plastic
11-16% Rare Earth Elements
about 752 pounds of
rare earth minerals.
Iron or cast iron 5-17% Concrete For installation
copper 1% - -

17. This is a video showing wind turbine components
Enjoy watching!

18. The end
Thanks !