This document discusses renewable energy and climate change. It introduces renewable energy and outlines some key advantages like being a sustainable source of energy that does not produce carbon emissions, and disadvantages like higher upfront costs. It then explains why renewable energy is needed, classifying different renewable resources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass. Regarding climate change, it states that human activities like burning fossil fuels have been the main driver since the 1800s, producing greenhouse gas emissions that trap heat and raise temperatures. Switching to renewable resources can help reduce these emissions and mitigate climate change.

1. RENEWABLE ENERGY
INTRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
BY
UM Muhammad (MNSE)
B.Eng. Mechanical Engineering

2. INTRODUCTION
• Renewable energy is an energy collected
from renewable resources that are
naturally replenished on a human
timescale. Renewable resource also known
as flow resource is a natural resource
which will refill to replace the portion
depleted (lost) by usage and consumption,
either through natural production or other
recurring processes in a finite amount of
time in a human time scale, and also
renewable resources are part of earth’s
natural environment and largest

3. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANGES OF
USING RENEWABLE ENERGY
ADVANTAGES
1) A source of energy that never run out.
2) Free from CO2 zero carbon emission
3) Make the environment free from air
pollution (clean water and air)
4) Renewable energy creates millions of jobs

4. DISADVANTAGES
1) Higher Capital Costs
2) Electricity Production Can Be Unreliable
3) Energy Storage Is a Challenge
4) It’s Impacted by Environmental Conditions

5. WHY WE NEED RENEWABLE
ENERGY?
Renewable energy technology projects are
typically large-scale, but they are also suited
to rural and distant areas and developing
countries, where energy is frequently
important in human development. As most
of the renewable energy technologies
provide electricity, renewable energy is often
arranged together with further
electrification, which has several benefits.
electricity can move heat or objects

6. Renewable energy system is rapidly
becoming more efficient and cheaper also
their share of total energy consumption is
increasing, with a large majority of
worldwide newly installed electricity capacity
being renewable. Many countries around the
world already have renewable energy
contributing more than 20% of their total
energy supply Nigeria is included which
have the total capacity of 4,000 MW from
renewable energy out of 12,522 MW (2019),
with some countries generating over half

7. CLASSIFICATION OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY RESOURCES
 Solar Energy
 Wind Energy
 Hydro Power
 Biomass
 Geothermal
 Tidal

8. CLIMATE CHANGE
• Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and
weather patterns. These shifts may be natural, such as through
variations in the solar cycle. But according to united nation since the
1800s, human activities have been the main driver of climate
change, primarily due to burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.
Burning fossil fuels generates greenhouse gas emissions that act like
a blanket wrapped around the Earth, trapping the sun’s heat and
raising temperatures. Examples of greenhouse gas emissions that
are causing climate change include carbon dioxide and other gasses.
These come from using gasoline for driving a car or coal for heating
a building, for example. Clearing land and forests can also release
carbon dioxide. Landfills for garbage are a major source of methane
emissions. Energy, industry, transport, buildings, agriculture and land
use are among the main emitters. Climate change refers to long-
term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. These shifts may
be natural, such as through variations in the solar cycle. But
according to united nation since the 1800s, human activities have

9. • Burning fossil fuels generates greenhouse
gas emissions that act like a blanket
wrapped around the Earth, trapping the
sun’s heat and raising temperatures.
Examples of greenhouse gas emissions
that are causing climate change include
carbon dioxide and other gasses. These
come from using gasoline for driving a car
or coal for heating a building, for example.
Clearing land and forests can also release
carbon dioxide. Landfills for garbage are a
major source of methane emissions.

10. Climate change solution
• Switching energy systems from fossil fuels to
renewables like solar or wind will reduce the
emissions driving climate change, But we have to
start right now. While a growing coalition of
countries is committing to net zero emissions by
2050, about half of emissions cuts must be in place
by 2030 to keep warming below 1.5°C. Fossil fuel
production must decline by roughly 6 per cent per
year between 2020 and 2030. Adapting to climate
consequences protects people, homes, businesses,
livelihoods, infrastructure and natural ecosystems.
It covers current impacts and those likely in the
future. Adaptation will be required everywhere, but
must be prioritized now for the most vulnerable
people with the fewest resources to cope with
climate hazards. The rate of return can be high.