The document provides information about relative pronouns in English. It defines relative pronouns as pronouns that introduce relative clauses and relate to the word they modify. The five relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, and that. Examples are given showing their use in defining and non-defining relative clauses, noting preferences for that over which and omitting pronouns when possible.

1. WE KEEP OUR BREAD IN THE FRIDGE, ________ IT DOESN'T GO BAD.
SINCE
SO THAT
ALTHOUGH
AFTER
2. THE FIVE-CENT COIN LOOKS VERY CANADIAN, ________ IT HAS A PICTURE OF A BEAVER ON IT.
SINCE
SO THAT
THOUGH
BEFORE
3. ________ VOLKSWAGEN CARS ARE CHEAP, THEY LAST A LONG TIME.
BECAUSE
IN ORDER THAT
ALTHOUGH
AFTER
4. YOU SHOULD GIVE THE IRON TIME TO HEAT UP ________ YOU IRON YOUR CLOTHES.
BECAUSE
SO THAT
BEFORE
UNTIL
5. YOU NEED PROPER SHOES TO GO HIKING IN THE MOUNTAINS, ________ THE GROUND IS ROUGH
AND HARD.
BECAUSE
SO THAT
EVEN THOUGH
BEFORE
6. HOCKEY PLAYERS WEAR LOTS OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ________ THEY DON'T GET HURT.
BECAUSE
IN ORDER THAT
THOUGH
AFTER

2. 7. YOU WILL HAVE TO PAY HIGHER INSURANCE ________ YOU BUY A SPORTS CAR.
IF
SO THAT
ALTHOUGH
BEFORE
8. YOU SHOULDN'T DRIVE ________ DRINKING ALCOHOL.
IF
IN ORDER THAT
EVEN THOUGH
AFTER
9. ________ THE DOLPHIN LIVES IN THE SEA, IT IS NOT A FISH -- IT'S A MAMMAL.
WHETHER
SO THAT
ALTHOUGH
AFTER
10. YOU MAY GET MALARIA ________ YOU ARE BITTEN BY A MOSQUITO.
IF
SO THAT
THOUGH
BEFORE
Try exercise again
.

3. INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO AGROINDUSTRIAL
DATE: ___________________________________________________________SECOND ENGLISH EXAM
FULL NAMES: ___________________________________________________________CARRER: ____________________
1. COMBINE THE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE CLAUSES. NOTE THAT ALL RELATIVE CLAUSES
ARE NON-DEFINING.
2. SAMUEL JOHNSON WAS THE SON OF A BOOKSELLER. SAMUEL JOHNSON WAS BORN IN 1709.
SAMUEL JOHNSON ______________________________________________________________________________
3. IN 1728, HE WENT TO OXFORD. HE STUDIED AT PEMBROKE COLLEGE IN OXFORD.
IN 1728, HE WENT _______________________________________________________________________________
4. JOHNSON HAD TO LEAVE OXFORD WITHOUT A DEGREE. HE WAS TOO POOR TO PAY THE FEES.
JOHNSON ________________________________________________________________________________________
5. IN 1737, JOHNSON MOVED TO LONDON. THERE HE WROTE POETRY, ESSAYS AND BIOGRAPHIES.
IN 1737, JOHNSON ______________________________________________________________________________
6. IN 1746, JOHNSON STARTED TO WRITE HIS DICTIONARY. IT TOOK HIM NINE YEARS TO
COMPLETE.
IN 1746, JOHNSON STARTED ___________________________________________________________________
7. HIS HOME AT THAT TIME WAS IN 17 GOUGH SQUARE IN LONDON. IT IS A MUSEUM NOW.
17 GOUGH SQUARE IN LONDON ________________________________________________________________
8. IN THIS HOUSE, HIS WIFE DIED IN 1752. HER NAME WAS ELIZABETH PORTER.
IN THIS HOUSE HIS WIFE _______________________________________________________________________
9. IN 1755, THE WORK WAS PUBLISHED. IT WAS CALLED A DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
IN 1755, THE WORK _____________________________________________________________________________
10.SAMUEL JOHNSON DIED IN 1784. HE IS BURIED IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
SAMUEL JOHNSON ______________________________________________________________________________
2. PUT IN THE RELATIVE WHO, WHICH OR WHOSE WHERE NECESSARY. TYPE AN X IF THE
RELATIVE PRONOUN CAN BE LEFT OUT.
EXAMPLE: PETER IS THE BOY ____ RIDES THE BLUE BIKE.
ANSWER: PETER IS THE BOY WHO RIDES THE BLUE BIKE.
1) THIS IS THE BOY HAD AN ACCIDENT.
2) YESTERDAY I SAW A CAR WAS REALLY OLD.
3) MANDY IS THE GIRL I MET ON FRIDAY.
4) I HAVEN'T SEEN FRANK, BROTHER IS FIVE, FOR A LONG TIME NOW.

4. 5) THE ROBBER STOLE THE CAR THE LADY PARKED IN FRONT OF THE SUPERMARKET.
6) THIS IS THE MAN HOUSE IS ON FIRE.
7) CAN I TALK TO THE GIRL IS SITTING ON THE BENCH?
8) THE BOOK YOU GAVE ME IS GREAT.
9) SHE LIKES HAMBURGERS ARE HOT.
10) BILL CLINTON, WAS PRESIDENT OF THE USA, HAS ONLY ONE DAUGHTER.
FILL IN: WHO - WHOSE - WHICH - WHERE - WHEN
1.I WAS ON MY WAY TO THE ODEON CINEMA, I WANTED TO MEET MY COUSIN FRED.
2.I WAS WALKING DOWN RICHMOND STREET I HEARD A LOUD NOISE.
3.A MAN HAD CRASHED INTO A TREE WAS STANDING AT THE CORNER TO CORN STREET.
4.THE MAN, CAR WAS BADLY DAMAGED, WAS IN SHOCK.
5.I HELPED HIM PHONE HIS WIFE, ARRIVED SHORTLY AFTER THE CALL.
6. MY FRIEND JIMMY, IS VERY SUPERSTITIOUS, LOVES LUCKY CHARMS.
7. ONE DAY JIMMY, ROOM IS ALWAYS AN AWFUL MESS, DECIDED TO DO SOME
CLEANING.
8. FIRST HE TIDIED HIS WARDROBE, HE FOUND A RABBIT´S PAW.
9. HE WAS VERY EXCITED HE CAME OVER TO MY PLACE.
10.HE SHOWED ME THE RABBIT´S PAW, WAS LIGHT BROWN AND LOOKED VERY OLD.
11. LAST JULY, WE HAD OUR HOUSE-WARMING PARTY, MUM INVITED OUR FRIEND PEER
FROM NORWAY.
12.PEER ARRIVED AT STANSTEAD AIRPORT, WE PICKED HIM UP TWO DAYS BEFORE THE
PARTY.
13. PEER, HAD NEVER BEEN TO ENGLAND BEFORE, WAS VERY EXCITED.
PEER´S SUITCASES, WERE HUGE, DIDN´T FIT INTO THE CAR.
14. PEER, SUITCASES HAD TO TAKE A TAXI, WAS VERY UPSET.

5. 15. I SPENT A YEAR IN AUSTRALIA I WAS ONLY 23 YEARS OLD.
16. MY FIRST STOP WAS MELBOURNE, I HAVE FRIENDS.
17. PETER AND KATE, ARE BOTH TEACHERS, SHOWED ME AROUND.
18. ONE DAY WE WENT TO THE AQUARIUM, WAS AWESOME!
19. PETER, BAND IS PRETTY COOL, PLAYS THE DOUBLE BASS.
THE WOMAN
w hose
IS READING A BOOK IS A FRIEND OF MINE.
2. JOHN,
w hose
FATHER IS A DOCTOR, WANTS TO BE A DOCTOR TOO.
3. THE BOOK
w hose
IS ON THE TABLE IS NOT FOR SALE.
4. MY SISTER,
w ho
HUSBAND IS INSIDE THE CAR, CAN'T DRIVE.
5. HE'S THE BOY
w ho
DELIVERS THE NEWSPAPER ON SUNDAYS.
6. MY FRIEND PAUL
w hose
LIVES IN LONDON, ALWAYS TAKES THE BUS TO GO TO WORK.
7. THE INDIAN RESTAURANT
w ho
IS IN GREEN STREET IS VERY EXPENSIVE.
8. YES, THIS RESTAURANT IS EXPENSIVE, BUT THE CHEF,
w hich
IS A NATIVE INDIAN, IS A
MARVELLOUS COOK.
9. WHO IS THIS MAN
w ho
WIFE IS LOOKING SO SAD ?
10. DO YOU SEE THE DOG,
w hose
IS OVER THERE?
MY FRIEND TOLD ME ABOUT A STUDENT HAS
TAKEN THE TOEFL TEST TWELVE TIMES!
WHO
WHOM
WHICH
THAT

6. 2 THE PROFESSOR DIDN'T KNOW THE ANSWER TO MY
QUESTION. I TALKED TO THE PROFESSOR.
THE PROFESSOR I TALKED TO DIDN'T KNOW THE
ANSWER TO MY QUESTION.
WHO
WHOM
WHICH
THAT
FEEDBACK 2
3 I AM LOOKING FOR A COLLEGE PROGRAM. THE PROGRAM
OFFERS A LOT OF COMPUTER COURSES.
I AM LOOKING FOR A COLLEGE PROGRAM OFFERS A
LOT OF COMPUTER COURSES.
WHO
0 (OMIT THE PRONOUN)
WHICH
THAT
FEEDBACK 3
4 SOME OF THE COURSES HAVE BEEN VERY USEFUL. I
TOOK THE COURSES LAST SEMESTER.
SOME OF THE COURSES I TOOK LAST SEMESTER
HAVE BEEN VERY USEFUL.
WHO
0 (OMIT THE PRONOUN)
WHICH
THAT
FEEDBACK 4
5 MY FRIEND STUDIES WITH ME IN THE AFTERNOON. MY
FRIEND IS IN MY NETWORKS CLASS.
MY FRIEND IS IN MY NETWORKS CLASS STUDIES
WITH ME IN THE AFTERNOON.
FEEDBACK 5

7. WHO
WHOM
WHICH
0 (OMIT THE PRONOUN)
6 COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS IS A FIELD OF
STUDY. THE STUDY WILL GUARANTEE A GOOD JOB AFTER
GRADUATION.
COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS IS A FIELD OF STUDY
WILL GUARANTEE A GOOD JOB AFTER
GRADUATION.
WHO
0 (OMIT THE PRONOUN)
WHICH
THAT
FEEDBACK 6
7 THE CLASS WAS PROGRAMMING WITH PHP. I DIDN'T DO
WILL IN THE CLASS.
THE CLASS I DIDN'T DO WELL IN WAS
PROGRAMMING WITH PHP.
WHO
0 (OMIT THE PRONOUN)
WHICH
THAT
FEEDBACK 7
8 THE COURSES ARE MOSTLY GRAPHIC ARTS CLASSES.
THE COURSES ARE TAUGHT IN THE EVENING.
THE COURSES ARE TAUGHT IN THE EVENING ARE
MOSTLY GRAPHIC ARTS CLASSES.
0 (OMIT THE PRONOUN)
WHICH
THAT
FEEDBACK 8

8. WHO
9. YOU SHOULD ALWAYS STUDY THE SUBJECTS. YOU
REALLY LIKE THE SUBJECTS.
YOU SHOULD ALWAYS STUDY THE SUBJECTS YOU
REALLY LIKE.
WHO
0 (OMIT THE PRONOUN)
WHICH
THAT
FEEDBACK 9
10. A PERSON WILL DO WELL IN LIFE. A PERSON HAS A
POSITIVE OUTLOOK.
A PERSON HAS A POSITIVE OUTLOOK WILL DO
WELL IN LIFE.
WHO
0 (OMIT THE PRONOUN)
WHICH
RELATIVE CLAUSES 1
RE-WRITE THE SENTENCES SO THAT THEY HAVE THE SAME MEANING AS THE
ORIGINAL. YOU MUST USE A RELATIVE PRONOUN.
1 I BOUGHT A HOUSE. IT WAS ADVERTISED IN THE LOCAL PAPER.
2 MARY WORKS IN OUR OFFICE. HER HUSBAND IS A PLASTIC SURGEON.

9. 3 VENICE IS A WONDERFUL PLACE. WE SPENT OUR LAST HOLIDAY THERE.
4 HE SHOWED US HOW TO CREATE A COMPUTER-BASED GAME. IT WAS
VERY INTERESTING.
5 I'VE JUST FINISHED READING HARRY POTTER AND THE PHILOSOPHER'S
STONE. IT IS AN AMAZING BOOK.
6 THAT'S THE BOY. I TOLD YOU ABOUT HIM LAST NIGHT.
7 THEY'VE SOLD THE HOUSE. I WANTED TO BUY IT.
8 HELEN HAS JUST ARRIVED. SHE HAD A CAR ACCIDENT.

10. 9 THEY'VE SOLD THE GROCERY. I USED TO GO SHOPPING THERE.
10 MY SISTER HAS WON A DVD PLAYER. HER CHILDREN LOVE WATCHING
FILMS.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
A RELATIVE PRONOUN IS A PRONOUN THAT INTRODUCES A RELATIVE CLAUSE. IT IS CALLED A
"RELATIVE" PRONOUN BECAUSE IT "RELATES" TO THE WORD THAT IT MODIFIES. HERE IS AN
EXAMPLE:
 THE PERSON WHO PHONED ME LAST NIGHT IS MY TEACHER.
IN THE ABOVE EXAMPLE, "WHO":
 RELATES TO "PERSON", WHICH IT MODIFIES
 INTRODUCES THE RELATIVE CLAUSE "WHO PHONED ME LAST NIGHT"
THERE ARE FIVE RELATIVE PRONOUNS: WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHICH, THAT*
WHO (SUBJECT) AND WHOM (OBJECT) ARE GENERALLY ONLY FOR PEOPLE. WHOSE IS FOR
POSSESSION. WHICH IS FOR THINGS. THAT CAN BE USED FOR PEOPLE** AND THINGS AND AS
SUBJECT AND OBJECT IN DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (CLAUSES THAT ARE ESSENTIAL TO THE
SENTENCE AND DO NOT SIMPLY ADD EXTRA INFORMATION).
RELATIVE PRONOUNS CAN REFER TO SINGULAR OR PLURAL, AND THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE.
LOOK AT THESE EXAMPLES SHOWING DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:

11. EXAMPLE SENTENCES
S=SUBJECT, O=OBJECT, P=POSSESSIVE
NOTES
DEFINING
S
- THE PERSON WHO PHONED ME LAST
NIGHT IS MY TEACHER.
- THE PERSON THAT PHONED ME LAST
NIGHT IS MY TEACHER.
THAT IS PREFERABLE
- THE CAR WHICH HIT ME WAS YELLOW.
- THE CARS THAT HIT ME WERE YELLOW.
THAT IS PREFERABLE
O
- THE PERSON WHOM I PHONED LAST
NIGHT IS MY TEACHER.
- THE PEOPLE WHO I PHONED LAST NIGHT
ARE MY TEACHERS.
- THE PERSON THAT I PHONED LAST NIGHT
IS MY TEACHER.
- THE PERSON I PHONED LAST NIGHT IS MY
TEACHER.
WHOM IS CORRECT BUT VERY
FORMAL. THE RELATIVE
PRONOUN IS OPTIONAL.
- THE CAR WHICH I DRIVE IS OLD.
- THE CAR THAT I DRIVE IS OLD.
- THE CAR I DRIVE IS OLD.
THAT IS PREFERABLE TO WHICH.
THE RELATIVE PRONOUN IS
OPTIONAL.
P
- THE STUDENT WHOSE PHONE JUST RANG
SHOULD STAND UP.
- STUDENTS WHOSE PARENTS ARE
WEALTHY PAY EXTRA.
- THE POLICE ARE LOOKING FOR THE CAR
WHOSE DRIVER WAS MASKED.
- THE POLICE ARE LOOKING FOR THE CAR
OF WHICH THE DRIVER WAS MASKED.
OF WHICH IS USUAL FOR THINGS,
BUT WHOSE IS SOMETIMES
POSSIBLE
NON-
DEFINING
S
- MRS PRATT, WHO IS VERY KIND, IS MY
TEACHER.
- THE CAR, WHICH WAS A TAXI, EXPLODED.
- THE CARS, WHICH WERE TAXIS,
EXPLODED.
O
- MRS PRATT, WHOM I LIKE VERY MUCH, IS
MY TEACHER.
- MR AND MRS PRATT, WHO I LIKE VERY
MUCH, ARE MY TEACHERS.
WHOM IS CORRECT BUT VERY
FORMAL. WHO IS NORMAL.
- THE CAR, WHICH I WAS DRIVING AT THE
TIME, SUDDENLY CAUGHT FIRE.

12. P
- MY BROTHER, WHOSE PHONE YOU JUST
HEARD, IS A DOCTOR.
- THE CAR, WHOSE DRIVER JUMPED OUT
JUST BEFORE THE ACCIDENT, WAS
COMPLETELY DESTROYED.
- THE CAR, THE DRIVER OF WHICH JUMPED
OUT JUST BEFORE THE ACCIDENT, WAS
COMPLETELY DESTROYED.
OF WHICH IS USUAL FOR THINGS,
BUT WHOSE IS SOMETIMES
POSSIBLE
*NOT ALL GRAMMAR SOURCES COUNT "THAT" AS A RELATIVE PRONOUN.
**SOME PEOPLE CLAIM THAT WE CANNOT USE "THAT" FOR PEOPLE BUT MUST USE "WHO/WHOM";
THERE IS NO GOOD REASON FOR SUCH A CLAIM.