The document contains a practice exam for English grammar and language skills. It includes multiple choice questions testing comprehension of verb tenses, adjectives, prepositions and more. There are also exercises requiring sentence completion, matching questions to answers, and note-taking from a listening passage. The reading comprehension section features an article about the Trans-Siberian railway and questions to test understanding of details and inference of the text. Finally, there is a short writing task describing a memorable journey using provided prompts.
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
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1. SENA
BASIC ENGLISH 3
TEM EXAM
BOOKLET
GRAMMAR
A. Complete the sentences with the correct adjective forms. (5 marks, 0.5 each)
1 Spring in Europe is colder than (cold) summer.
B. Complete the conversation with one word in each gap. Use the verbs or words in the box appropriately.
(5 Marks, 0.5 each)
go go go where have be stay see play do do
A: How 1 was your weekend?
B: Nothing special. And you?
A: I 2 a perfect weekend!
B: Really? What 3 you do?
A: Lots of things. I 4 clubbing on Friday night.
B:
A: No. I 6 shopping, then I 7 a computer game.
B: That sounds terrible!
A: It wasn’t! I 8 for a meal and 9 a film in the evening.
B: Great. 10 did you go on Sunday?
A: Nowhere – I 11 in bed!
C. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the past simple or past continuous. (5 Marks, 0.5 each)
1 He was playing tennis when he hurt his arm. (play / hurt)
2 Who you to when I you? (talk / see)
3 Mandy me while I dinner. (call / eat)
4 I a bath when the doctor . (have / come)
5 While they , they lots of new friends. (travel / make)
6 Jack a new job when he won the lottery. (look for)
D. Future tenses. Match 1–6 with a)–f). Then complete the questions. (5 marks, 0.5 each)
1 Are you seeing Juan later?
2 Where are they for their holiday?
3 It’s quarter past ten. What’s Milly ?
4 What we having for dinner tonight?
5 Are you very tired?
_d__
____
____
____
____
a) Yes, I’m taking some time off next week.
b) I don’t know. But she’s going to miss the last bus.
c) Relax and play golf!
d) Yes, we’re meeting at 7.30
e) They’re going to stay at home!
2 I think Manchester is most interesting (interesting) city in England.
3 Aconcagua is highest (high) mountain in South America.
5 His second film was more boring than (boring) his first one.
7 They live in noisiest, dirtiest (noisy / dirty) street in the city.
z
5 you sleep all day on Saturday?
9 The beaches are usually more crowded (crowded) in summer.
had
did
go
Did
went played
went went
where
stayed
are talking saw
called was eating
comes
was having
were
traveling
made
was looking
e
Will go
b
are f
c
feeling
2. 6 What are you going to when you
retire?
____ f) You’re going to make fish and chips!
LISTENING
A. Listen and underline the correct answer, a), b) or c). (5 Marks, 1 each)
1 Freddie’s new salary will be C .
a) €40,000
b) €18,000
c) €80,000
2 Caroline thinks Freddie’s new job will be in .
a) England
b) Rome
c) Cambridge
a) he’ll travel all over the world
b) the European sales office is there
c) the schools are better there
4 Caroline is worried about the children going to
school in Rome because .
a) they don’t have any friends there
b) there aren’t any good schools in Rome
c) they don’t speak Italian
5 Freddie thinks their parents will come to visit
them in Rome because .
a) they can drive there
c) they like Italian food
6 When Caroline goes to Rome, she can .
a) learn Italian
b) get a new job
c) work online
B. Listen to the phone call and complete the notes. (6 Marks, 1 each)
Apollo travel
Name of customer: (1) ______
Destination: Corfu
Dates: 15th to (2) _______ September
Breakfast included: (3) Yes / No
Total price: € (4) _______
Fly from: (5) _______ airport
Flight leaves at: (6) _______ pm
READING
A. Put sentences a)–e) in the correct places 1–5 in the article. (4 Marks, 1 each)
The holiday of a lifetime
The Trans-Siberian Railway journey is one of the most amazing train journeys in the world.1 d . It starts in
Moscow and finishes in Vladivostock, on Russia’s Pacific Coast, 6,500 miles (10,500 kilometres) away. You travel
from Europe into Asia, go through seven time zones and pass by 87 towns and cities.
3 Freddie has to move to Rome because .
b) it’s very easy to fly from England
a
go
___________
_______________________
___________________
a
b
________________________________
c
b
a
_______________
Robert Travis
yes
870
4:30
17th
Brazosport
3. 2 . But it isn’t a good idea. The train stops at thirteen different stations and there’s so much to see.
First of all, you should go to Lake Baikal, the world's largest fresh water lake. 3 . And you really have to
visit Yekaterinburg, where the last Tsar of Russia and his family died in 1918. 4 .
The train is very comfortable with two or four-bed compartments. The best time to travel is in the spring or
autumn because the weather is better then. 5 . Or you can take a two-week guided tour from London
for about £7,000. Have a great trip!
b) The cheapest ticket is around £300.
c) Then there’s the city of Novosibirsk, the capital of Siberia, with one and a half million people.
d) It is not only one of the most famous railways in the world but it is also the longest.
e) If you don’t stop anywhere on the way, you can get to Vladivostock in six days.
B. Read the article again. Write true (T) or false (F) for sentences 1–8. (7 Marks, 1 each)
1 The Trans-Siberian Railway is Russian. _ T _
2 Vladivostok is by the sea.
3 The train stops at 87 stations.
4 The best way to travel is to go non-stop.
5 Novosibirsk isn’t very big.
6 It’s better to stop and visit different places on the journey.
7 It’s a good idea to do the train journey in summer.
8 It’s cheaper to take a guided tour.
WRITING
Write a story about a memorable journey/holiday that went very well or very badly. Use the questions in the
box to help you. Write 75–100 words. (8 Marks)
When? Who with? Where was it? What happened? Why was it good/bad? Why do you remember it?
a) This all makes the trip more expensive, but also much more interesting and exciting.
a
b
c
e
T
F
F
T
F
F
F
My last holiday was a five day trip to Prague in the C ech Republic. I know Prague well because I lived there when I was at
university, more than ten years ago.Instead of staying in a hotel, I stayed with one of my old friends. It was so much fun, and
a little bit like my old life. I wanted to do all the same things I did in my university days, so I visited the university. It has
changed a lot and looks more modern. I also went to the supermarket near my old house. I loved seeing all the different
foods. I was really happy to find my favourite cheese and chocolate biscuits but they were a bit more expensive than
I remember!We did some touristy things too. We walked up beautiful Petrin ,ill and around the castle. The views of the
city are amanjing up there. We walked across the historic Charles Bridge. My friendΖs flat is very near the TV Tower so
we saw the famous baby statues climbing up it. Those things havenΖt changed, of course.