Urban Poverty, Migrants, Livelihood Issues in IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy discusses various issues and status associated with Urban Poverty, Seasonal and other type of migrants and urban livelihood issues in Indian Cities.
Smart City Mission’s Financial Implications on Municipal Budgets Ravikant Joshi
This PPT delivered in Workshop on Interrogating Governance and Financial Implications of ‘Smart Cities’ organised by Environmental Support Group Trust (ESG) & Centre for Financial Accountability (CFA) outlines financial implications of SCM on Municipal Budget and Finances of Smart Cities
This PPT delivered online as a public lecture organised by Impact and Policy Research Institute New Delhi narrates state of urban finance in India in 2020.
Municipal Finances in India and Alternative Sources of Municipal FinanceRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to CEPT University Students provides detailed and latests information about municipal finances in India as of 2021 and discusses potential of alternative sources of finance for municipal bodies of India
Urban Public Finance / Local Public FinanceRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to students of Symbiosis School of Economics - Pune describes subject matter of urban public finance and how it is both positive and normative science.
This PPT outlines how indian cities are exclusive in nature and fail to accomodate seasonal or temporary migrants which resulted in to exodus of migrants from indian cities in the wake of Covid 19 pandemic.
This PPT delivered in Virtual Symposium on Municipal Councils in the G 20 Countries organised as a part of G 20 meeting in Doha Katar outlines briefly broad treands in Municipal Finances in India.
Working of State Finance Commissions in IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy critically examines role played by State Finance Commissions in India which were created after 74th Constitutional Amendment to review sharing of resources between States and ULBs
Urban Poverty, Migrants, Livelihood Issues in IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy discusses various issues and status associated with Urban Poverty, Seasonal and other type of migrants and urban livelihood issues in Indian Cities.
Smart City Mission’s Financial Implications on Municipal Budgets Ravikant Joshi
This PPT delivered in Workshop on Interrogating Governance and Financial Implications of ‘Smart Cities’ organised by Environmental Support Group Trust (ESG) & Centre for Financial Accountability (CFA) outlines financial implications of SCM on Municipal Budget and Finances of Smart Cities
This PPT delivered online as a public lecture organised by Impact and Policy Research Institute New Delhi narrates state of urban finance in India in 2020.
Municipal Finances in India and Alternative Sources of Municipal FinanceRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to CEPT University Students provides detailed and latests information about municipal finances in India as of 2021 and discusses potential of alternative sources of finance for municipal bodies of India
Urban Public Finance / Local Public FinanceRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to students of Symbiosis School of Economics - Pune describes subject matter of urban public finance and how it is both positive and normative science.
This PPT outlines how indian cities are exclusive in nature and fail to accomodate seasonal or temporary migrants which resulted in to exodus of migrants from indian cities in the wake of Covid 19 pandemic.
This PPT delivered in Virtual Symposium on Municipal Councils in the G 20 Countries organised as a part of G 20 meeting in Doha Katar outlines briefly broad treands in Municipal Finances in India.
Working of State Finance Commissions in IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy critically examines role played by State Finance Commissions in India which were created after 74th Constitutional Amendment to review sharing of resources between States and ULBs
Affordable Housing, Slum Redevelopment In Cities of IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy discusses status and issues associated with affordable housing, slum upgradation, slum redevelopment in cities of India
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy outlines various reforms / actions need to be undertaken to improve urban finances in India.
Experiences in Improving Fiscal Health of Municipal BodiesRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered in International Symposium: Planning, Land, Housing, Infrastructure - takes stock of various efforts undertaken to improve Fiscal Health of Municipal Bodies in India
This PPT delivered in a conference organised by Administrative Staff College of India discusses what needs to be done to improve municipal finances in India.
This PPT delivered in Webinar to E&Y Team takes stock of theory and various basis of property tax, its status in indian municipal finance, issues associated with it and what reforms need to be undertaken to improve property tax revenue by Indian Municipal Bodies.
Affordable Housing, Slum Redevelopment In Cities of IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy discusses status and issues associated with affordable housing, slum upgradation, slum redevelopment in cities of India
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy outlines various reforms / actions need to be undertaken to improve urban finances in India.
Experiences in Improving Fiscal Health of Municipal BodiesRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered in International Symposium: Planning, Land, Housing, Infrastructure - takes stock of various efforts undertaken to improve Fiscal Health of Municipal Bodies in India
This PPT delivered in a conference organised by Administrative Staff College of India discusses what needs to be done to improve municipal finances in India.
This PPT delivered in Webinar to E&Y Team takes stock of theory and various basis of property tax, its status in indian municipal finance, issues associated with it and what reforms need to be undertaken to improve property tax revenue by Indian Municipal Bodies.
Bottom up budgets for pr is coloured 28 10-06 b&wVIBHUTI PATEL
How to enable women to direct economy through designing and constructing fiscal policy?
How to link economic governance to political governance ?
How to enable EWRs to participate in the budget-making efforts ?
Method-Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Focus Group discussion (FGD)
Political economy of unpaid care and possible solutionsRanjani K.Murthy
This presentation defines unpaid care, and outlines the consequences of unpaid care on women and girls' welfare and rights. It also shares different feminist positions on origin of unpaid care work by women, and argues for locking at intersection of patriarchy, global capitalism, caste and other hierarchies which shape unpaid and low paid care by women. It argues that if the gender gap in economic and political sphere are to be bridged and if violence against women is to reduce inter-state organisations, state, markets, community and households have to reduce the care burden of women, with the burden shifting to state, markets and men in the household and men leaders of community
Prof. vibhuti patel safe cities and gender budgeting jdmc, jaipur july sept.,...VIBHUTI PATEL
Abstract
Urbanisation often goes hand in hand with a rise in urban violence and crime that manifests in terms of street harassment of women and girls, stalking, sexual violence, blackmailing and extortion rackets. Children and women are seen as soft spots who can be victimized by predators. One such incident in the city is enough and the feeling of insecurity is spread like wild fire. It not only frightens girls and women, it controls every act they consider doing then onwards (UN Women, 2015).
Smart cities have to be Safe cities. Town planners, policy makers and budget experts need to do gender budgeting to ensure women-friendly civic infrastructure- water, sanitation, health care, safe transport, public toilets, helplines, skill development for crisis management and, safety at work place. While making budgets for social defense services, consideration must be given to safety of girls and women in schools and colleges in terms of prevention of child sexual abuse through public education and counselling facilities, separate toilets for girls and boys in schools, legal literacy on POCSO Act, 2012 and Prevention of Sexual Harassment Workplace Act, 2013. Provision must be made to have special cells in the police department to take action against display of pornographic images, SMS messages, cybercrimes that victimize young girls at public places or in public transport- buses, local trains, rickshaws and taxis.
Acronyms/Abbreviations
POCSO: Protection of Children from Sexual Offence, NGO: Non-Governmental Organization, PMSSY: Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana, NUHM: National urban Health Mission, PA: Participatory Appraisal, SAP: Structural Adjustment Programme, PDS: Public Distribution System, LSG: Local Self Government, PCPNDT: Preconception & Prenatal Diagonstic Techniques, DV Act: Domestic Violence Act, MWCD: Ministry of Woman & Child Development
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation is an agency of the Government of India responsible for urban poverty, housing, and employment programs. It is involved in national policy decisions and coordinates with Indian central ministries, state governments, and central sponsor programs. The Ministry was created in 2004 after splitting it from the Ministry of Urban Development. The government, in 2017, merged the urban development and housing and urban poverty alleviation ministries as the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). The Government of India has launched various programs since its independence, such as some of the five year plans, to alleviate poverty and address the widening income gap, both, amongst the upper and lower classes of society, and amongst the rural and urban parts of the country. For instance, the "Eighth Plan policy guidelines envisages integrated approach to alleviation of urban poverty and servicing the urban poor with basic facilities so that their quality of life improves. The scheme could not help in preventing growth of new slums.
While newly launched programs like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Food Security Act, Mid-day Meals and Bharat Nirman Yojana have demonstrated success in the initial stages, their performance over the long-run still remains to be seen. The shortsightedness of the Indian government often leads it to launch populist programs that may not necessarily work well. Low-hanging fruit like increasing worker's minimum wage can go a long way in achieving the goal of poverty alleviation, but are yet to be taken up in spite of reminders from leading economists.
Similar to Reimaging Life and Livelihoods for Urban Poor in India (20)
Municipal Accounting Reforms - Myths and Reality.pptRavikant Joshi
This presentation delivered to Accounts and Finance Officers of ULBs in Bangladesh at Dhaka discusses various Myths and Realities associated with Municipal Accounting Reforms
Municipal Accounting Reforms - Why? How? & A Case Study of IndiaRavikant Joshi
This presentation discusses Why and How of municipal accounting reforms and provides detailed case study of municipal accounitng reforms carried out in India
Municipal Accounting Reforms - myths and realityRavikant Joshi
This presentation made at Workshop on Accrual Accounting for City Corporations /Urban Local Bodies CIRDAP Auditorium – Dhaka – 13th Feb 2013 discusses various myths and realities regarding municipal accounting reforms.
Performance Measurement for Local GovernmentsRavikant Joshi
This PPT was delivered Based on Local Government Financial Management Series- UN-HABITAT in 'Local Government Budgeting and Financial Management Course', December 16 - 20 2008 Khartoum, Sudan
Financing Capital Investment Planning (Capital Budget) of Local GovernmentRavikant Joshi
PPT presented in Training of Trainers Workshops on Strengthening The Financial Foundation of Local Government Based on Local Government Financial Management Series of UN-HABITAT during June 4- 15 2007 - Nadi, Fiji
Capital Investment Plan for Local GovernmentRavikant Joshi
PPT presented in Training of Trainers Workshops on Strengthening The Financial Foundation of Local Government Based on Local Government Financial Management Series of UN-HABITAT during June 4- 15 2007 - Nadi, Fiji
Financing Operating Budget of Local GovernmentRavikant Joshi
PPT presented in Training of Trainers Workshops on Strengthening The Financial Foundation of Local Government Based on Local Government Financial Management Series of UN-HABITAT during June 4- 15 2007 - Nadi, Fiji
PPT presented in Training of Trainers Workshops on Strengthening The Financial Foundation of Local Government Based on Local Government Financial Management Series of UN-HABITAT during June 4- 15 2007 - Nadi, Fiji
Evaluating Financial Condition of Local GovernmentsRavikant Joshi
PPT presented in Strengthening Training of Trainers Workshops on The Financial Foundation of Local Government Based on Local Government Financial Management Series of UN-HABITAT during June 4- 15 2007 - Nadi, Fiji
PPT presented in Strengthening Training of Trainers Workshops on The Financial Foundation of Local Government Based on Local Government Financial Management Series of UN-HABITAT during June 4- 15 2007 - Nadi, Fiji
Financial Policy Making for Local GovernmentRavikant Joshi
PPT presented in Strengthening Training of Trainers Workshops on The Financial Foundation of Local Government Based on Local Government Financial Management Series of UN-HABITAT during June 4- 15 2007 - Nadi, Fiji
This PPT delivered in a Course on Fiscal Decentralization – Organised by World Bank Institute at Khartoum - Sudan from December 14-18, 2008 provides principles of revnue assignment from national governments to sub and sub-sub national governments
Financial Performance Indicators for Municipal BodiesRavikant Joshi
This PPT based on reserach report prepared for UN_HABIAT provides criteria, framework and financial performance indicators for assessing performance of municipal bodies.
Financial Analysis, Financial Forecasting for Municipal Bodies Ravikant Joshi
This PPT to Students of Nirma University explaints various financial analysis and forecasting tools and techniques which can be used for municipal financial management.
Indicators for Municipal Financial AnalysisRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Students of Nirma University explains indicator as a tool of performance measurent and then provides various indicators useful for municipal financial analysis
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
NO1 Uk Rohani Baba In Karachi Bangali Baba Karachi Online Amil Baba WorldWide...Amil baba
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
2. Several national, state missions/schemes to address vulnerabilities of the urban poor
Economic vulnerabilities
● DAY-NULM, MoHUA led Microfinance and
Self –help groups based institutional credit
● NSKFDC, Ministry of Social Justice
● Plethora of loan instruments
Residential Vulnerabilities
● PMAY: MoHUA-led Housing for All
● DAY-NULM led shelters for homeless
Occupational vulnerabilities
● Ministry of Labor and Employment-
uniform Labor code for unorganized sector
workers and access to social security
schemes
● Individual State specific welfare boards for
unorganized workers
● Specific ministry led insurance schemes
Social vulnerabilities
● Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs –
NULM formation of SHGs
● Ministry of Women and Child welfare led
targeted approach on Gender based
welfare programs
● Ministry of Health and Family Welfare led
targeted approach towards health
measures
BUT………
Lack of or no
integrated
approach to
address urban
poverty,
Lack of policy on
urban poverty
alleviation,
Lack of institutional
structure,
3. Issues of Identification and Enumeration
No uniform criterion for identification
of urban poor
• SECC data of 2011 highlights numbers and has
addressed multi-dimensional nature of urban
poverty by quantifying various vulnerabilities
(residential, occupational and social)
• Data is static, not updated
• For NULM beneficiaries, states use their own
criteria to identify beneficiaries, ranges from
BPL list/ NFSA/Ration card/ Income criteria /
Visible poverty criteria / Self applications
• Eligibility varies from < Rs 27,000 income per annum
to < Rs. 2lakh per annum
• No National uniform definition of urban poor
4. Urban Poor - Issues of Identification and Enumeration
No uniform principle for beneficiary
identification by National urban
programs
● Ayushman Bharat- through select criteria
from SECC-11 data
● DAY-NULM- urban poor as identified by the
States as per their respective definitions
● PMAY(U)- based on EWS and LIG criterion
(Household income Upto Rs 3 lakh and Rs 6
lakh respectively)
Non participative mechanisms to identify
urban poor
• As compared to gram Sabha which actively
participates in identification of poor households,
institutional challenges in urban areas
5. Swachh Bharat Mission
DAY-NULM PMAY
ICDS Urban Health
Street Vendors
Disjointed data sets across programs and
schemes
No portability of data across states or sometimes
even cities – linked to domicile status
6. Blind spots in data
Poorest of poor and Vulnerable populations
such as sanitation workers, rag-pickers,
transgenders, homeless have not received
attention
An attempt under DAY-NULM:
• States directed to fix annual targets min.
@ 10% to form SHGs of vulnerable
occupation groups, especially sanitation
workers
• Sanitation SHGs to be linked to dignified
livelihoods opportunities by:
• Mapping for skill training
• Extending Subsidized loans under SEP
• Registration of sanitation workers at
CLCs
7. These were Seasonal Migrants - Invisible in the Census and in
national sample surveys… and consequently to administrators
Invisibility of Urban
Migrants
8. Blind spots in data
Migrants – are excluded from
most schemes
Eluded from enumeration at all
levels – no clear estimates
Estimates vary from 100 million
to 180 million
Under this pandemic around 30
million went back to their native
state
Short term, Circular migrants
trend, among the poorest of poor
9. Based on NSSO’s 2007-08
survey, a short-term
migrant is one who ‘stayed
away from the village/town
for a period of 1 month or
more but less than 6
months during the last 365
days for employment or in
search of employment’.
The short-term migration
cycle, however, can be
longer than six months.
The Indian statistical
system is not designed to
capture such temporary
migration and as a result
policy makers remain
unaware of its extent and
likely increase
Seasonal / short term migration
10. Migration in India
Key sending states – Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh, Jharkhand Odisha, Rajsthan,
West Bengal and North East States
Key destination states – Kerala,
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Delhi and
Karnataka
11. Major Sector employing
Migrants
Construction Sector (40 mn)
Domestic Work (12 mn)
Textile Industry (11 mn)
Brick Kilns (5 mn)
Mines and Quarries
Small Manufacturing
Agriculture and food
processing
Headloading
Hotel Dhabas and Restuarants
12. Name of the Scheme Eligibility Criteria/ Scope of the Scheme Inclusive for
Migrants
AMRUT (Provides adequate sewage networks
and water supply)
The Census data forms the key policy thrust
PM Awas Yojana (In-Situ Slum Redevelopment) Have to be in settled in Notified Slum Settlement
In case, migrants live in notified settlement, domicile and ownership documents
required
National Health Mission
(Primary health centres, other health welfare
provisions )
Primary health care facilities are free
Access to welfare schemes to those domicile document
Integrated Child Development Scheme- Urban
(Cash benefit to pregnant and lactating mothers,
Swadhar Greh, Anganwadi, take home ration
and nutrition schemes)
Only to those women with district domicile, who can produce Ration card and
bank account details to prove this.
DAY- National Urban Livelihood Mission
(Access to skills training, financial inclusion, bank
loans, shelter services, welfare provisions or
street vendors)
SECC data – Slightly more inclusive and Census data
Skills Training requires State domicile of the candidate + domicile of any city
within the State
Defines homeless as -anyone living on pavements, under bridges and on
construction sites
Forming Self help groups, bank linkage, loan applications require domicile
documents
Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban Scope extends to notified and de-notified slums
13. Labour Migration – Mobility + Informality
• Undocumented movements and recruitments
• Urban exclusion is stark and manifest itself on
many fronts – social rights and urban public
provisioning
Mobility
• Informal and segmented market, work is
undocumented and casual
• Recruitment and employment is mediated
through long chain of contractors and
middlemen
Informality
Labour Migration
The twin
phenomenon results
in to vulnerable
movements –
Seasonal, Circular,
long distance, single
male, family based,
distress driven,
forced bonded etc.
14. No Policy Response, No
regular mechanism
• Limited portability of social rights
• ISMW Act 1979 – single piece of existing
legislation, largely absolute and no
machinery for implementation
• Dichotomy between urban governance and
labour governance
• No means to assert political agency
• Low end, hazardous work, largely insecure
and irregular work
• Most unskilled with little or no opportunity
for advancement in value chain
• Sub-survival wages, less than minimum
wages, no social security
• No recourse of legal aid in case of non-
payment, fraud
• Weak enforcement and regulation of
worker’s rights and entitlements
15. • The political class ignores them because they don’t count as votes,
especially in the case of inter-state migrants.
• Due to their mobile nature, they don’t find any place in the
manifestos of trade unions.
• The low interstate portability of identity documents can make it
difficult for low-skilled interstate circular migrants to claim the
benefits that they are entitled to under labor laws.
• And finally we all ignore them because it is not our concern !!!
The city (including We all) fails to notice them
16. Capacity of ULBs to
undertake poverty
alleviation and
migrants’ welfare
Human resource crunch:
• most schemes are implemented by
ULB’s core staff. NULM HR
provision is the same for cities
above 5 lakh; so Mumbai and
Bhavnagar will have same number
of staff.
• NULM Institutional structure at
present does not provide staff
structure for almost 3000
statutory towns with less than
50,000 population. Staff of
adjacent bigger city expected to
take care of such small towns.
17. Capacity of ULBs
to drive poverty
alleviation
Need platforms and sensitivities of
city managers to engage with them
as partners
Implementation of 74th CAA for ward
sabhas and Area Sabhas under
JnNURM
Shehri Sahabhagita Manch, under
DAY-NULM as a platform to bring
together ULBs and community
together
18. To sum up
Lack of universal criteria / definition and lack of enumeration of urban poor including
migrants and their settlements in the city, Lack of portability of various schemes
Weak Institutional and Individual capacities of labour department and ULBs to drive
migrants rights urban poverty alleviation in cities
Lack of information among urban poor and migrants about their eligibility and entitlements
Need for an integrated approach to work with the urban poor and migrant workers
19. Government Response to Migrants Issue
• The Government response till date as we know has been in terms of
• Arranging and transporting migrants from cities to their homeland
• Increasing MNREGA budget by Rs. 40000 crore to provide work to returnee migrants
• Rs. 50000 crore Job Guarantee Scheme (PM Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan) for migrant
workers in rural areas of six states where most of the migrants have returned
• One nation one ration card to facilitate migrant’s life in cities
• Affordable Rental Housing Scheme in partnership with private sector
• Urban Employment Guarantee Program is being cotemplated
• UP / Uttarakhand have set up Workers’ Employment Commission for
Migrant Workers
• Bihar Govt has undertaken survey to map skills of migrants to provide them
jobs
• Maharashtra Govt created job portal to give jobs to local
• Governments are responding at various levels in various ways – but
inadequately
21. How do we get them back? .. We need them for sustaining city’s survival
22. How do we facilitate them?… They are non existent in the systems How Cities Can be made inclusive ?
23. Reimaging Life and Livelihoods for Migrants
• Setting up Migration Facilitation Centers to enable self-registration, access to
social protection and dispute resolution
• Universal access to social rights delinked from domicile status, tenure security or
employment status in cities
• Profiling of migrants against safety net and welfare schemes and getting them
covered / served as per illegibility
• Identification, enumeration and recognition of migrant settlements across living
typologies to ensure basic public provisioning
• Legal responsibility for public provisioning must be shared between the states
and employers – Kerala Guest Workers / Public Rental Housing Scheme
• Greater autonomy, resources and responsibility to ULBs to develop
contextualized response to migration – in – flow
• All these measures backed by right integrated technological solutions
24. Reimaging Life and Livelihoods for Urban Poor
• Adopting policy on UPA, separate Ministry – nationwide institutional
structure, legislative mandate and right technological solutions
• Adopting a unified centrally driven identification and certification of the
urban poor to link them to access the benefits of GOI led welfare schemes
and State led welfare benefits.
• States can have additional criterion for recognizing urban poor and layers
of welfare and safety net schemes
25. Reimaging Livelihoods and Life for Urban Poor
• Real time application system for urban
poor certification and registration – can be
made on any day of the year on an online
portal and in physical form in designated
offices/centers on any working day
• Individuals (Elected Representatives
(Member of Parliament, Member of
Legislative Assembly, and Municipal
Councilor or any government officer) and
authorized collectives of urban poor and
NGO to have powers to recommend any
Indian living in urban areas having family
income less than Rs. xxxxxx per annum for
urban poor certification and registration to
designated authority prescribed by
government of India.
26. Plethora of schemes, but no single window, lack of understanding to
access schemes and know eligibility
27. Plethora of schemes, but no single window, lack of understanding to
access schemes and know eligibility