This document discusses strategies for understanding unfamiliar vocabulary when reading texts. It provides three types of context clues that can help readers determine the meaning of new words: 1) Punctuation - Words in parentheses, after dashes or commas sometimes directly define or provide information about a new vocabulary item. 2) Other sentences - The meaning of an unfamiliar word can sometimes be derived from clues in surrounding sentences. 3) Logic - Using logic and context from the surrounding text, readers can sometimes infer the meaning of an unknown word. The document encourages readers to use context clues rather than looking up every unknown word, and provides examples of each strategy to demonstrate how meanings can be derived.

1. 回 PreViewing Vocabulary Read the words and phrases bdow ttsten to the
pronunciation.Put a check rnark( )next to the vvords that you know.FOrthe words
コEEIIII ReadingSkills and Strategies that you don′ t know dor7′ l uSe a dictionary Try to understand them fronn the reading
EduCation:A RefleCtion of Society You′ ￨luvork with some of these words in the activlties.
verbs
NounS
□ aspects □ statistic □ achieve El identical
0鸞判鸞 ぃ 搬に
□ constitution □ status □ afford □ isolated
…
□ contrasts □ tuition o deterlnlnes □ ural
Icnkatthe山
I・
and diSC暇
El discipline □ values □ reflects □ universal
1. Wllere is each scelle takillg place?What iS happellillg? □ indigenous people □ value □ vocational
2. What lllight be silllilar abotlt eclllcatioll in these coulltl・ ies・ 2 Ⅳlake gtlesses □ native people AdiectiVes ldioms
□ prirnary school □ compulsory □ on the one hand
3.Wllat nlight be(lifferellt abollt educatioll ill these coulltries?L`ake guesses
□ secondary school □ egalitarian EEl on the other hand
4. Ill your oplllioll,wllat al・ e illlpol・ tant cultural vallles ill eacll of t,llese coulltries? ‐
□ entire
Getting Meaning frorll Context
When you read′ you do not need to look up the rlleanlngs of a‖ new wordsin a
dictionarμ YOu Can often guess the rneanings ofrnany new words frorn the
context― ―the Other words ln the sentence and the other sentences in the
paragraph.Here are three types of clues that w‖ l help you guess new words.
1. Punctuation:sometimes a sentence gives a definition of a new vocabulary
itenl orinformation aboutit.丁 his inforrrlation rnay be in parentheses( ),after
a dash(一 ),or after a comma(′ ).
EXannple
丁here is a drawback′ a disadvantager to thatidea.
∂
lDra″ わ Ck means disadyantage.)
ヽHigh school students in Japan 2. Another sentence:sometimes a clue to the rlleaning of a new vocabulary
Primary schoo:students in Mexico
item is in another sentence or sentence part. r
EXample
A SChool system ln one country is notidentica:to the system in any other
count呼 lt cannot be exactly the same because each culture ls different.
(ln the second sentence,you see the rneanlng ofidentical― ￢ actly:わ e same.)
eχ
3. LOgic:sometirnes sirTlp!elogic helps you to guess a new word.
Exannple
The educational system is a rlllrror that reflects the culture.
(You probably know the word mirroι so yOu can guess thatrefrects means
sわ OM/s.)
A university studentin England = High schoo!science students in the United States
chapter l 口● ■口 Education and student Life
凛
"

2. Eコ Getting Meaning from context tthis exercise will help you wtth vocabulary
that you wi‖ find in the first reading selection..Read the sentences,Figure out the EduCation:A Ref:ection of society
meanings of the underlined vvords fronn the context and Write therll on the lines.
1. On the one hand,there are nlally advantages to this system.On the other
Visit schools allywhere in the world,and you will probably notice a
hand,there are also several drawbacks number of sinlilarities.There are students,teachers,books,blackboards,
and exanls evewhere.Howevet a school systenl in one country is not
on the one hand=
identicalto the system in any other countlvLIt Cannot be exactly the same
on the other hand= becatlse each culture is different.The educational system is a nliFor that
2.In a number of coullthes,education is both COmpulsory― required― ―and remects the culture.Look atthe school systen■ ,and you wlll see the social
un市 ersal,avanable tO evel・ yolle,at least ill primary sc1901(elementary school) structure and the values ofits culture.
compulsory= Mexlco
universal= ln Me対 co,the educational system reiects some of the countryb mal■ y
prlrnary school= contrasts.On the one halld,it is beheved that the nation can achieve
eqllality of rights fOr everyone ι,っ gん θ θ ι .me basis oftlle Me対 can
ん zι ttι α JOη
3. There are many lllore schools hl cities than ill rural areas
educational systenl is tlle countryb constitution,which was written in
rural 1917.It req■ lires education to be free,compuisory,alld llniversalo lt also
4. Public schools are all botll fl・ ec・ all(l egalitarialli all students are considered states that education should support national■ lnity and lead to social,
equal and learll the sallle lllateritll. econonuc, and cultwd ilnprovement of tlle people.At lower levels,this
egalitariall= nlealls that there is en■ phasis on the co■ llltryb rich cultural history.Chilclren
write llistorical essays,participtte in activities for national ho■ days,and
College studellts neecl glヽ eat`liSCiplille;ill ol・ cler to lnake tillle for their studies,
Кad abollt national heroes‐ especially native people(IndiarLS).HOWevet
they lleed the self― colltrol to give t11)hobbies,sports,and social life.
it is otten difflcult to provlde education in rlural areas,where lnany of the
lille=
(liscil〕
indigenolls people live. People in these areas i翠 ℃ poOr and isolated
6.Results on these exams affect tlle(‐ lll.11・ e hlllily because tllere is high,131い ,Or geOgraphicalし There tten't enougll schools,arld rtlral teachers nlust be
social position,for a whole falllily lll、 vllicll chilclrell have high test scores, able to teach an slx grades Of prinlary school.Also,traditions alllong solne
entire= indigenous people do not句 燿)iCally include school attendance。
Japan
ア Students themselves decicle if tllcy、
. vallt college― preparatory or vocational 釉 e Japarlese value education hightt One statistic reflects this:tlle
classes in high sch001;1lo llatiOllal cxalll detorlllines this for thelll. Japanese place such inlportance on education that 88 percent ofall students
conlplete not only pHmary school but also high school.Pubhc sellools are
all both free and egalitarian;all students are considered equal and leattn the
sanle lnaterial.For social reasons,itt inlporlant for a student to receive a
lln市 ersity degree_alrld a degree frOm“ the right universi尊 "To reach this
n ArtiCle As yOu read the fo‖ owlng selection′ think about the answer gOal,students have to gO through“ exalrunation hen."lhere are difrlcult
1/yhal car7 Vye learr7∂ bOυ la Cυ ′
ltrre from its edυ calior7al System?Read
exallls for elltrance to attl lllliversities,to nlany of the better pnmary and
ow the readlng.
not use a dictionary Then dO the exercises that fo‖
secondary schools,arLd eVen to someル j%α O,フ げ t(貌 S!S神 anese students
need great discipline;lrl order to lnake time for their studies,they need tlle
self― colltrol to give up hObbies, sports, and social life. Results of these
exallls affect the entire fanlily because there is high stttus,or social
position,for the whole fanlily when the children have high test scores.
■■口 Education and student Life
chapter l 口
"ロ

3. Britain .
In tlle United KingdOm(Britain),the educational system renects the
dass systemo All state Ochools― primav7 Secondaryp arld llniversity― are
free,and the frst nine yearsだ re(ヽ gali`il l・ 1lt tl;all students lem the sarne :dentifying the Main idea
material.At age eleven,students切 巌e an imporlant national exarno After A reading passage rnay include many ldeas′ butthere is only one main ldea.This is
this, they attend one of ttree pOSSible secondtt schools: colloge the rllost impOrtant ldea′ or point,of the reading.:tls the rnain polnt,thought′ or
preparatoryp VC)(。 lttiolllli cfor jOb traininD,or COnlprehensive(With both opinion that the author has about the topic.:tis an″ umbre‖ a″ that includes a‖
grOups of students).HoWeve■ 6 percent of British students attend of the rnore speclfic ideas and detalls.丁 he rllaln idea is usua‖ y stated in the
expensive private schools.These are students from upper― class falnilies. introduction.often′ itis repeated in the conclusion.
Half ofthe students at Oxford and Camb五 dge universities come from such
expensive secondary scho01S.It might seem that anyone can,11・ lilDI・ litO gO to
a llmversity because all lmiversLies are free,but only l percent ofthe lower
class gOes tO universit「 Because graduates froln g00d universities get the 口 ldenuf口 ng the Main idea ttnd One sentence m Pamgmph A thatseemsto
bestjobs,itis dear that Success iS largely a result of oneb social dass. be the rnain idea of the entlre reading passage.Then find another sentence in Paragraph
・ F thatSeems to mean aboutthe same,write thern here.
The united states
Education in the United Sttttes is available to everyone,but not all Fronl Paragraph A:
schools are equal. PllbliC primary and secondtt schools are iee for
everyone;there is no Flllllo11.Almost 80 percent of all Ame五 cans are high
Frolll Paragraph F:
school graduateso Students themselves decide if they want college―
preparatory or vocational classes in high schooL no luiOnal exan■
〔 ヽ 1111lles this.Higher education is not free,b■
1(ヽ
lく 1・
lt it is available to almost
anyone,arLd abOllt 60 percent of an high schOol graduates attend college or
umversiじ Older people have the opporttmity to attend conege,t00,because ■ Understanding Readng structure Paragraphs dMde Юadng matend mtO
topics′ or suttectS.One paragraph is usua‖ y about one toplc.Match the paragraphs
AmeHcans belie■ e that“ you're nevertoo old to leam。 "()ll ill(ヽ ol:lt,r ili111(￨,
from the reading on pages 6-8 wlth their topics beloぃ 晩 vrite the letters of the
ヽ
there are alSo problems in UoS.schoolso ln lnany seconda理 /schools,there
paragraphs on the lines.
are problems with lack of discipline allLd With drugs and crimeo ln addition,
public schools receive their money from local taxes,so schools in poor 1. ____Conclusion:Education as a re■ ection of society
areas receitt less money.As a result,they dont have enough g00d teachers 2. ____― A country that places a lot ofilnportance on education and lnakes
or laboratory equipment,and the buildings are often not in good condition. students take difficult exams
Cle劉 転 UoSo educttion re■ ects both the best and the worst ofthe socle与 3. ____― A country that offers educatioll to everyone but also has problems in its
schools
conclusion
lt is clear that each educational systenl is a reflection of the larger 4. ____― A country where equality and national unity are il■ portant
ヽ
culture一 二both pOsitive and negative llsi)く く
5. _A country where social class is very lnportant
'tS Of its economyp values,and
social stmcture.Look at a countryb schools,and you wi1llearn about the
6. ____― Introduction:Education as a rrurror of a culture
society in which they e対 st.
chapter l ■●0 口● Education and student Life
●

4. Om the
■ CheCking Your VocabJaw check yott undestandng d VOCabub口 Positlve AspeCtS Negative ASpeCtS
reading selection.Read the definltlons below and lArrite words and expressions that fit
these deflnitions.丁 he letters in parentheses refer to paragraphs in the reading.
1. a paper containing the laws that a countly is based oll(B)= `
2. Indians(B)=
3. fcar away fl・ om toヽ 1■lS Or Cities(B)
4. a school forjob training(D)
5。 to have enough molley for sOmetllillg(D)
6. feeS(molley)ftDl'educatioll(E)
ア sides,parts,characteristics(F)
.
嵩 侃 ‖ li魅 驚 洲
l脚 思 穐
l冨 ve as"cも d∞ ma‖ 唱 hお
6“
an educational systenl).Sometimes,these are easy to find because the writer
t
uses the words ad1/antages and diSadyarllages′ but frequently these words don′
appear lnstead′ you need to 100k fOr other words and expressions that show EduCation ln North America and ASia _
Opposite viewpoints,Such as ο t17θ Or7θ ttar7d)Or7 1わ eO[わ erわ ar7a btrt and
r7 ln a western socieじ such aS the united states or canada,that has many natlonal′
掏 tte1/er
ο religious′ and cultural differences,people highly value individua:ism― the differences
among peoplc■ ― independent thlnking.Students do not often rnemorize information.
and
one way to organize this lnforrnation is ln a graphic organizen one effective
chart(ca‖ ed a lnsteadrthey find answers themselves,and they express theirideas in class discussion.At
graphic organizer to shoW positive and negative aspects lS a T‐
an early age′ students learn to form their own ideas and opinions.
T‐ chart becabse itis Shaped like the letter T).
ln most Asian societies by contrast,the people have the same language′ histor"and
You Can work wtth a T‐ chartin the next actiV:与 the educational system in much of Asia reflects soclety′ s
culture,Perhaps for this reason′
beliefln group goa:s and traditions rather than individualism.ch‖ dren in china′ Japan′
and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments.ln the classroonl′
the teachlng methods are often very formal.The teacherlectures′ and the students ttten.
寵 肝 柵 器 肥 獅 ∬ 鷺 LI常 翼 期 よ悧 F鳳 胞 ∬ There is not rnuch discussion.lnstead′ the students recite rules orinformation that they
s have memorized.丁 here are advantages and disadvantages to both systems.
student chooSe one country.Fil1 0ut the positive and negative aspects of that country′
educatiOnal system.When you finish′ share yourinformation wlth the students ln your
group and complete the chart vvlth theirinforrnation. 口 Discussing the Reading ln smallgroups′ talk about your answers to these
questions about a country that you know we‖ .
1.Are there both private schools and public schools?Is public education free,or
do students need to pay tuition?
2. Do FnOSt Students gO tO secondary school?Do rnost students complete high
school?Do many students gO tO c01lege or university?
3.Are there di∬ erent types of high schOols(fOr example,college― preparatory or
vocational)?
4. What are some advantages Ofthe educational system?Disadvantages?
■■■ Education and student Life ll
chapter l ロロ■

5. ::￨:IE Reading Skills and strategies CampuS Llfe is changlng
CampuS Life iS changing
ぬ
dFWtt」濾 k訛 ∬ lぶ ち∬ ‰ 糖￡
灘 罪 富翠 1
薪 垂 ∬ 職iI封晶 菱
l蝋 11轟 響 恭 FI熙
less than one_quarter(1/4)of all college students.These days the
nontraditional students are the mttOrity;tlley aЮ different frOm traditiOnal
褻 椰憾
skirnnling for the Topic and iⅥ ain idea
恥 鱗
YOu Can skim a readlng to ldentify the toplc and the main idea.To skim′ read the
title and any subheadings look at any photos and diagrams′ read the first two and
the last h″ o sentences of each paragraph′ read quicklン and don′ t read every word
丁 tOpic of a paragraph is what the paragraph ls about.丁 hisis a noun or noun
he
:鶯1選消蝋 1】鱗f揃茸 鐵
i聯
phrase.The rnain idea of a paragraph is what the writer wants to say aboutthe
toplc一 givlng inforrnation and/or his or her opinion about the topic.sOmetimes,a i難
sentence or h″ o includes the rnain ldea ofthe paragraph.This is often the first or and llloney are illlp01tant to thelll。
second sentence in the paragraph.The other sentences give deta‖ s aboutthe Tol)ic
ma:n!dea.
Example ⅣIaill iclea:
Statistics reflect recent changes lll the U.S. college population. One
change these days iS that there Te fewer foreign students than several
B Psycho10gica tests reflect different learlling sl′ les in this new student
years agO but that nlore UoS.stlldents tte studying abroad.mere are over
population, t00. Each persOn has a certain learlling sサ le, and abOut 60
half a lrlillion foreign students in colleges and univeⅡ 〕
ities in the United
percent oftlle new students these days prefer the s″ 2stη
States(down 5二 6 percent).The leacling cOuntly of origin is lndia,followed クstyle.This mealls
by China,Kol℃ a,Japalll,Canada,Taiwan,Mexico,]Llrkey an(l Thailan(1. that they are very practical. They prefer a
practice― to― tlleory methOd ofleaming,wllich
Meanwhile,tllere are 175,000 UoS.students who are stlldying abroad(up
8.5 percent).Alllerican stlldents typically spend llluch less tinle abroad is expel・ ience flrst and ideas after that.They
ll)el｀ tl lと lt
than foreign students do in the■ Tnited States.In fact,92 percent of all U.S. often have difflclllサ with readillg alld
)ic isitlド
writing and are unsure of tllelllselvea MOst
1
students who gO abrOad spend only one selllester there.
-alい w
of tllese students are attending cOllege
ll.is llot a becallse they want tO have a g00d jOb and ri
(り e The lnaill lllake a lot Of l1loney.
i ill a selltel、 ce
all(l call L)e
lt tlto
illg,1llid(lle,o「
a palaglal)11
`A coliege iecture ciass
蜘
◎ ■ mmlng brtte TOttc and tte Mttn ttea Read me ub面 唱 ⅣIaill iclea:
paragraphs quickly Do not use a dictionartt and don′ t worry about the detalls,When you
finish′ write the topic and rnain idea of each paragraph.You can cOpy the main idea
directly frorn the sentence(Or sentences)′ or use your own vvords to restate it.
chapter l ●口 口鶴 Education and student Life
廻
“ 13

6. In colltrttt,other students ollt nOt as mallyp prefer theシ ι をを θ
ι ιυ
π On all college calnpuses,student life is vely different fronl whatit used
learning style.These students love ideas.They prefer a theory― to― practice to be because of technology― specificaltt the lntemet.At most colleges,
all entel・ ing frst_year studellts rece市 e an entail adcll・ ess.Don■ litory roollls
metllod of learning and ellioy independent,crettive thinking.These
“intuitives"are not very practical.釉 ey are attending c011ege because tlley offer high_speed lntemet access. Coluputer systems are available to
wantto cК tte unique works of art or study ph■ osoplly or someday help in evewone in conlputerlabs,tlle library9 and student centers.Application for
the rleld Of science. dasses and registl・ ation are usually now possible online.Most schools offer
entire collrses online. L〔 any professors still have “
offlce ho■ lrs,'' when
stlldents can come to talk宙 th them about class work or ask for help.But
Topici
increasingtt students can contact professors 24 hours a dayp thanks to
enlail. In nlany classes, stlldents colllplete assignlllents and even take
Maln ldea:
exallls onlineo Perhaps l1loSt illlpOrtant for botll students and professors,
research is now easier and faster because ofthe new technology.
There is a drawback for the students who prefer tl■ e sensing style of Topic:
leamingo A mttority ofcollege probssos prefer the intuttive leal■ ling style.
Maill idea:
These teachers value independent thinking and creative ide“ 。 Students in
tlle sensing group tte at a disadvantage because their way of thinking
doesn't ll■ atch their teachels'.
Tol〕 ic:
Ⅳlaill i(leal UNDERSTANDING PRONOUN REFERENCE
As you knoЩ pronouns take the place of nouns.When you read′ it's important to
understand the rlleanings of pronouns,to know which noun a pronoun refers to.To find
the noun that a pronoun refers to′ look back in the sentence orin the sentences that
come before the pronoun.
Politicallyt too,students these(1ど vs ttre different fll・ olll Stlldellts in the
pttt, In the 1960s and 1970s, many students demonsttated ag五 nst the Example
gOvernment and hoped to lllake big changes in societμ ln the 1980s,11lost Over 100,000 internatiollal studellts attend graduate school.Most of them
students were inteК sted only in their studies Emd futuК jobs.TodttЪ are studying business and lllanagenlent.
students seelll to be a conlbination of tlle two:they want to nlake g00d
llloney when they graduate,but they're also interested in helping sOciet
Understanding Pronoun Reference Look back atthe reading selection
Many students today are volunteering in the conlnluniじ They are wol‐lcing 口
″
to help people,without payment.For exalllple,they tutor(teaCh pr市 乱ew)
campus Life is changing″ to find the rneanings of the fo‖ owing pronouns.what does
each pronoun refer to?
children in trouble,or they work with organizations for honleless people.
In these wayS,they hope to nlake changes in society 1.they(Paragl・ aph A,line 2)
2.they(Paragl｀ と hA,line 8)
ll〕
3.them(Pal・ agral〕 ll A,lille 15)
Topici
Maln ldea:
畷 ■口■Education and student Life
chapter l ロロ

7. 4.their(Paragraph D,line
5.their(Paragraph E,lille 4
6.them (Paragraph E line 55 UNDERSTANDING"POLITICALLY CORRECT″ LANGUAGE
Po‖ tica‖ y correct(or PC)language is a term used to descrlbe language thatis regarded
螂 stheSe quttms ttnkabm a∞ mw詢 as″ correct″ because it trles not to offend people.ltis an attempt to use language that
9Q漁 1
嵩 橋 rgtteReadng画 shows respect for different people,cultures′ physical characteristics,and lifestyles.丁 his
term and this language is commonly heard and discussed ln the united states― ―on
1. In that country,are there fol・ eigll stll(lellts ill colleges and uniVersities?If SO,
co‖ ege campuses,at hrvork′ and in soclal settings.Many people attempt to use this
where do they collle fl・ olll?Are there nlally?
language as a sign of respect′ but some feelthat they have to be too careful and that
2.In that countl'ュ are stll(lellts tOday differellt fl・ Onl students in the past`P If so, ″
things have gone too far″ ヽhat do you think?
げ
how are they diffel・ ellt?
3. How has techllology challge(l canll〕 llS life in that countly?
口 ldenufying POI社 ica‖ y correct words and Phrases Bdow aresome
words and phrases that people traditiona‖ y used in the past and the po‖ tica‖ y correct
words that rnany people use nov晩 why do you think some people prefer politlca‖ y
correct、 ⅣordS?ヽ Vhich Pc words seerln good to you?Do any seerrl strange?
words and Phrases Politica‖ y correct wvords and Phrases
surnl■ arizing blind … … … … …… … … … … … … … Visually challenged
ln academic classes′ the mostcOmmon type of w‖ ungis Summay.A Summaryis
disablecl,handicapped … ……… …… differently abled
written in the student′ s own words.ltlncludes the rrlain idea and important
fat people ……… … …… …… ……… peOple of size
deta‖ s of another piece of writlng(a paragraph′ section′ article,chaptel or book).
lllallkilld … … … …… … … …… … … humanity
lt does notlnclude less important details.Students llvho surnrnarize we‖ can
Orientals …… … … …… ………………… Asians
prove to the lnstructor that they truly understand the reading rnaterlal.
policemall ………… … … ……… … … …… pOlice officer
rellledial classes . …… … … … …… … baSic classes
Summarizing choose one country from the readingin Part l′ pages 6-8.Wnte a
■ Tllird Worlcl countries … … … …… … deVeloping cOunt五 es
surnrnary ofits educational system′ according to the paragraph about that count呼
try to write only two to four sentences
Because a sumrllary is Shorter than the original′
■ BeyOnd the Text hteⅣ iewing mteMew ive peouQ Askthem訥 帥
FO‖ OW these steps. oplnions about positive and negative aspects of the educational system in their count叫
■Read the paragraph and rnake sure that you understand† t vve‖ .
丁 notes on their answers.When you finish′
ake report your findings to the class.
・ ldenufy the topic′ main idea′ and important detalls.
・ Put the original paragraph aside as you write
・ write the surlllllary in your own words′ includlng the important details.
年lnclude a balance of positive and negative aspects.
口DO nOtlnclude less important deta‖ s 師 闇 ng vocattav and ttudy skilb
when you finish writing′ compare your sumrnary vvlth those of other students who
summarlzed the same paragraph.Did yOu have the same rrlain idea?Did yOu choose
the same detalis?
THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST
口 w‖ ung YOur Owllldeas choose one oftheto● cS bdOW tO Wttte a paragraph There is a list of words that co‖ ege students should know because these words occur
about.Write your own thoughts.Try to use vocabulary frorll thls chapter. frequently in acadenlic Eng‖ sh.This is ca‖ ed the′ 狐caderYlic word List″ ln Part 3 of each
ぅthe educational system ln your country chapter of this book′ there is an acuvity to help you focus on these words.(see page 18
forthe nrst FocuSing on words from the Academic word List ACtivi、 4)Also′ in the Self―
・ comparing and contrasting education in your country novv and ln the past
i your own learnlng style AsSessment Log at the end of each chapterthese words have an asterisk(・ )next to
them。 (see page 21 for the first self― AsseSSment Log.)For rnore information on AVeril
What's tlle lllaill ictea of your paragraph?
coxhead's ACadenlic word List,See wttvuw ac.nz/lals/research/avvl.
chapter l ■●醸 ■■ Educatlon and student Life
■ 17

8. Focugng on wordsfrom the Academた Word ttst m tns exerdse′ 側lm 口 RecOgnizing word Meanings Match the words wtth thdr mea面 ngs.w‖ te
■
the blanks with Words fronl the Acadenlic Word LIStin the box.When you finish′ turn the letters on the lines′ as in the example.
back to page ll and check your answers. 1. ' deterrrune a. unusual
2. ____― affOrd b. disadvantage
lectures 3. ____reflect C. side,part,or characteristic
assignments culture
contrast goals methods ` 4. ____― nOntraditional d. developing new ideas
cultural individualism traditions
5. ____― draWback e. factin the forrn of a nmber
6.____Statistic i cOntrol
ア _____discipline
. g.whOle
EduCation in North Arnerica and ASia
8. ____aSpect /1. declde on
ln a Westerll soc熱 Such aS the United States or Cttada,that has
、 9. _____involves i. have enough lnoney for
many nationtt duo“ ,狙 d diffeК ncett peoメ e 10. _____tuition i.ShOW
‐
￨ ll.____entire
― the differences alrnong peOple― and
highly value ― k.fees(money)for SChOol
2
12. ____― Creative l. includes
independent thinkingo Studentt dO not often memo五 Ze inforlnation.
II WOrdS in Phrases AsyOuread′ 比'simpottant to be」 n noudng words that o■ en
Instead,they l力 nd alllswers themselves,alld they express their ideas in class
go togethen Go back to the paragraphs on pages 13-15.Find words to complete the
discllssion.At an early age,students learn to forrn their owrt ideas〔 md fo‖ owing phrases and write them ln the blanks.Most are prepositions′ but tto are verbs.
OplrL10nS. Paragraph A
the people have the l a dOrn■ つ′
In most Asian societies,by 1. lived i′ ltory campus
Perhaps for this 2. Inany cO■ege part― time(verb)
salne language, historyp and 4
3. access information technology
Ю ason,the educational system in much Of Asia re■ ects socieザ s behefin
Paragraph D
group and rather than 4.are a disadvantage
individualisIILo Chidren in China,Japarl,allld Kbrea often work together Paragraph E
5。 tutor children
and help one another on In the classroo■ 1,the
7・ Paragraph F
teaching are often very fomal. The teacher
6. life is different because technology
arld the studerLtS liSten. There is not llluch ア al・ e available
. everyone
9
discussion. Instead, the students recite mles or inforlnation that they
8.studellts exams(verb)
have memonzed.
8 Chapter l■ ■■ ■● Education and student Life
■ 19