Re FwdHAHDJ AldarwishYesterday, 735 PMYou.docx

Re: Fwd:
HA
HDJ Aldarwish
|
Yesterday, 7:35 PM
You
Sent from my iPhone
On Sep 5, 2016, at 3:09 PM, HDJ Aldarwish <
[email protected]
> wrote:
Define each of the top three levels of management. Identify at
least two examples of positions contained at each level. Discuss
a manager's personal responsibilities at each level of
management.
Develop a response that includes examples and evidence to
support your ideas, and which clearly communicates the
required message to your audience. Organize your response in a
clear and logical manner as appropriate for the genre of writing.
Use well-structured sentences, audience-appropriate language,
and correct conventions of standard American English.
_____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
writing model

Levels of Management
Writing Performance:
Score Point 1
Writing Trait:
Commentary:
Focus & Meaning
There is inadequate or no focus and meaning provided in the
response. The writer fails to establish a controlling idea or
bottom line. Additionally, the writer demonstrates no
understanding of the purpose of the task and provides no
adaptation to the intended audience. The response satisfies no
parts of the task.
The response does not demonstrate an understanding of
audience by including relevant details to make the ideas clear
and convincing. ("The top three managements are: Top
Manager, Middle Manager, and First Line Manger. The Top
Managers include; CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, AND VP. Well the
CEO has to do all of the big thinking in the company.")
Content & Development
There is inadequate or no content and development of ideas in
the response. The writer fails to develop ideas, using no
business concepts or terms.
Details, business concepts, and terms are not used to explain
and illustrate the evidence. Although the writer identifies some
positions within the level of middle management, he/she does
not describe the middle managers' responsibilities in
professional terms. ("The Middle Managers incude; Regional
Manager, Distric Manager, General Manager, and Plant
Manager. Their responability is the make sure that everything
runs perfect in the company.")

Organization
The writer provides inadequate or no organization of ideas. The
writer demonstrates no evidence of structure. Additionally,
there is no evidence of paragraphing or grouping of
information, logical connections, and transitional devices.
There is no evidence of paragraphing or grouping of
information. The response does not include a conclusion that
summarizes its main points. ("The top three managements are:
Top Manager, Middle Manager, and First Line Manger. The Top
Managers include; CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, AND VP. Well the
CEO has to do all of the big thinking in the company. The
Middle Managers incude; Regional Manager, Distric Manager,
General Manager, and Plant Manager. Their responability is the
make sure that everything runs perfect in the company. The
First LIne Managers include; Office Manager, Shift supervisor,
Department Manger, Shipping Manager, and Teaching and
training Manager. Their responsability's include that everyone
is doing what they need to be doing while at work. To make
sure everyones schedule is good and to make sure that everyone
stays happy.")
Language Use & Style
There is inadequate language use and style exhibited by the
writer in the response. The writer demonstrates impersonal or
unclear and incoherent language and word choice, no awareness
of audience, and major errors in sentence structure and usage.
The sentences are too informal and do not effectively
communicate the purpose to the intended audience. ("Well the
CEO has to do all of the big thinking in the company. ... Their
responability is the make sure that everything runs perfect in
the company. ... Their responsability's include that everyone is
doing what they need to be doing while at work.")

Mechanics & Conventions
The writer's control of mechanics and conventions is inadequate
in the response. Errors are so severe in punctuation, spelling
and usage, grammar, and sentence structure that they
significantly interfere with the communication of the message
and undermine the authority of the writer.
The response demonstrates inadequate use of punctuation (i.e.,
apostrophes, colons, commas, hyphens, italics, parentheses,
periods, quotation marks, and semicolons). ("The top three
managements are: Top Manager, Middle Manager, and First
Line Manger. The Top Managers include; CEO, CFO, COO,
CIO, AND VP.")
The response demonstrates inconsistent use of capitalization
and inadequate spelling. ("The First LIne Managers include;
Office Manager, Shift supervisor, Department Manger, Shipping
Manager, and Teaching and training Manager. Their
responsability's include that everyone is doing what they need
to be doing while at work.")
The top three managements are: Top Manager, Middle Manager,
and First Line Manger. The Top Managers include; CEO, CFO,
COO, CIO, AND VP. Well the CEO has to do all of the big
thinking in the company. The Middle Managers incude;
Regional Manager, Distric Manager, General Manager, and
Plant Manager. Their responability is the make sure that
everything runs perfect in the company. The First LIne
Managers include; Office Manager, Shift supervisor,
Department Manger, Shipping Manager, and Teaching and
training Manager. Their responsability's include that everyone
is doing what they need to be doing while at work. To make
sure everyones schedule is good and to make sure that everyone
stays happy.
]]>

Score Point 2
Writing Trait:
Commentary:
Focus & Meaning
There is minimal focus and meaning provided in the response.
The writer suggests a controlling idea or bottom line but
demonstrates minimal understanding of the purpose of the task.
The writer demonstrates more self-absorption than adaptation to
the intended audience. In doing so, the writer completes few
parts of the task.
The response does not illustrate an understanding of audience
by including sufficient relevant details to make the ideas clear
and convincing. ("Middle managers make many important
decisions which may include how effectively the company
which gives them a net profit runs. Main focus of middle
managers is to motivate employees to do focus work and
concentrate on making the business they work for better. Middle
manager provide good working environment.")
The content and the development of ideas in the response are
minimal at best. The writer develops ideas incompletely and
inadequately, using few business concepts and terms.
There is minimal evidence that explains or supports the overall
message. The writer touches on each level of management but
does not develop the ideas adequately. ("The first line managers
certain responsibilities that they have to fulfill to make the
department or the area they work in better. Some of the major
responsibilities first line manager have to do are , they have
operate their department, assign work to people who work in
their department , they inform the middle and the top managers
with the concern a business is facing.")

Organization
There is minimal organization of ideas in the response. The
writer demonstrates little evidence of structure. There is little
use of paragraphing or grouping of information, logical
connections, and transitional devices.
The introduction includes little background information about
the topic and moves directly into the supporting details. The
writer does use transitions to indicate new information about the
different levels of management, but the lack of paragraphing
makes the response difficult to follow. ("Here are three kinds of
manager's one top manager, two middle managers, and three
first line managers. All the managers have responsibilities to
make their company or firm successful. Top managers are the
authority who runs the business and everybody else report to
them. Top managers are the CEO, COO, CFO of the company
who directs the middle managers and first line managers to get
the job done. Top managers need the least amount of technical
skills because they people who do all the technical work for
them but they need to have all the other needs to perform their
job better. Top managers are the leader, everybody follow them,
they are the figure head and they have more responsibility out
of all the managers. The second type of managers is middle
managers, who are the general manager, regional, plant manager
and divisional manager.")
The writer's use of language and style is minimal in the
response. The writer demonstrates unprofessional language and
word choice, with little awareness of the intended audience. The
writer makes basic errors in sentence structure and usage.
Some sentences in the response are awkwardly structured and
do not effectively communicate the writer's intended message to
the audience. ("Middle managers make many important

decisions which may include how effectively the company
which gives them a net profit runs. Main focus of middle
managers is to motivate employees to do focus work and
concentrate on making the business they work for better. ... The
first line managers certain responsibilities that they have to
fulfill to make the department or the area they work in better.")
There is minimal control of mechanics and conventions in the
response. There are patterns of errors in punctuation, spelling
and usage, grammar, and sentence structure that substantially
interfere with the communication of the message and undermine
the authority of the writer.
The response minimally demonstrates grammar (i.e., minimal
use of subject-verb agreement, pronouns, parallel structure, and
sentence structure, with frequent fragments and run-ons). ("Top
managers are the authority who runs the business and everybody
else report to them. Top managers are the CEO, COO, CFO of
the company who directs the middle managers and first line
managers to get the job done. Top managers need the least
amount of technical skills because they people who do all the
technical work for them but they need to have all the other
needs to perform their job better. Top managers are the leader,
everybody follow them, they are the figure head and they have
more responsibility out of all the managers.")
Here are three kinds of manager's one top manager, two middle
managers, and three first line managers. All the managers have
responsibilities to make their company or firm successful. Top
managers are the authority who runs the business and everybody
else report to them. Top managers are the CEO, COO, CFO of
the company who directs the middle managers and first line
managers to get the job done. Top managers need the least
amount of technical skills because they people who do all the
technical work for them but they need to have all the other

needs to perform their job better. Top managers are the leader,
everybody follow them, they are the figure head and they have
more responsibility out of all the managers. The second type of
managers is middle managers, who are the general manager,
regional, plant manager and divisional manager. They are called
middle managers because they are above the first line managers
and below the top managers. Middle managers make many
important decisions which may include how effectively the
company which gives them a net profit runs. Main focus of
middle managers is to motivate employees to do focus work and
concentrate on making the business they work for better. Middle
manager provide good working environment. The third kinds of
managers are the first line management. Some of the first line
managers will be the office managers, department manager. The
first line managers certain responsibilities that they have to
fulfill to make the department or the area they work in better.
Some of the major responsibilities first line manager have to do
are , they have operate their department, assign work to people
who work in their department , they inform the middle and the
top managers with the concern a business is facing. All three
kinds of management is important to run a business because all
three managers have some kind of responsibility to fulfill to
make the business up and running.
]]>
Score Point 3
Writing Trait:
Commentary:
Focus & Meaning
There is limited focus and meaning provided in the response.
The writer establishes a controlling idea or bottom line but
demonstrates little understanding of the purpose of the task. The

writer demonstrates self-absorption with little adaptation to the
intended audience. Overall, the writer only completes some
parts of the task.
The response states a limited central/controlling idea or bottom
line that does not clearly identify the purpose of the task. ("The
people in any businesses or an organization that supports,
oversees, and assures that the work determinations and
performance activities of others are regulated are known as
managers.")
The response does not illustrate an understanding of audience
by including relevant examples to make the ideas clear and
convincing. Although the writer defines the general functions of
a manager at each level, the examples are vague and do not
describe the personal responsibilities of individuals in those
positions. ("The first and highest level of management is known
as the top managers. They are the ones that come up with the
strategies, missions, and purposes on how the organization
should run. Top managers focus on the long run of the
organization, such as problems and opportunities. They are
usually tactical thinkers that even under uncertain
circumstances or pressure they are able to make practical
decisions. In a typical business the chief executive officer, chief
operating officer, and president would be in the top managers'
category. They are the ones that make sure the world and the
organization are connected. The top managers oversees that the
organization is performing the best it can to meet short term
goals as well as advancing in plans for long term goals.")
The writer provides limited content and development of ideas in
the response. Ideas are developed briefly and inconsistently,
using limited business concepts and terms.
The content in the body paragraphs includes limited details that
explain each paragraph's main idea. For example, the
explanations and details used to describe the position of a bank

manager do not adequately develop the concept of middle
management. The response needs to include the duties of a bank
manager and how they differ from other levels of management.
("The second level of management is known as the middle
managers. These managers' work and report to the top managers
while still helping the lower levels to progress. Middle
managers are the ones to put the plans and strategies to action
to achieve the goals or objectives of the organization. The
middle managers consist of division managers, branch
managers, and regional managers. For example, the manager of
a bank, that manager is responsible that the whole branch is
running accordingly and is meeting the goals that are set for
each branch.")
Organization
The organization of ideas is limited in the response. The writer
demonstrates evidence of structure, but the response lacks
paragraphing or grouping of information, logical connections,
and transitional devices.
The response lacks a conclusion; the last paragraph is a body
paragraph about middle management. The writer needs to
include a conclusion that summarizes information about the
levels of management in the business hierarchy. ("The third
level of management is known as the first line managers. This
category includes the team leaders, supervisors, and department
heads. They report and work with the middle managers on
implementing work purposes. They lead in smaller work groups
that have non managerial workers. An example of this would be
the team leader on the teller line at the bank. That team leader
is responsible for the workers on the teller line, making sure the
tellers are performing their duties.")
The use of language and style is limited in the response. The

writer demonstrates less professional language and word choice,
some awareness of audience, and control of voice. The writer
relies on simple sentences with insufficient sentence variety and
word choice. These elements combine to create a limited
message that does not effectively communicate the purpose to
the intended audience.
The writer uses the word "they" to begin many sentences
throughout the response, and the repetitive sentence structure
does not effectively communicate the purpose to the intended
audience. ("They are the ones that come up with the strategies,
missions, and purposes on how the organization should run. Top
managers focus on the long run of the organization, such as
problems and opportunities. They are usually tactical thinkers
that even under uncertain circumstances or pressure they are
able to make practical decisions. In a typical business the chief
executive officer, chief operating officer, and president would
be in the top managers' category. They are the ones that make
sure the world and the organization are connected.")
The sentence structure used to begin each paragraph is
repetitive as well, and it creates an unsophisticated tone in the
response. ("The first and highest level of management is known
as the top managers. ... The second level of management is
known as the middle managers. ... The third level of
management is known as the first line managers.")
There is limited control of mechanics and conventions in the
response. Several noticeable errors in punctuation, spelling and
usage, and grammar and sentence structure may interfere with
the communication of the message and undermine the authority
of the writer.
Although there are some errors, the response demonstrates
generally correct grammar (i.e., adequate use of subject-verb
agreement, pronouns, parallel structure, and sentence structure,
with few fragments and run-ons) and punctuation. ("The top

managers oversees that the organization is performing the best
it can to meet short term goals as well as advancing in plans for
long term goals. ... These managers' work and report to the top
managers while still helping the lower levels to progress.")
The people in any businesses or an organization that supports,
oversees, and assures that the work determinations and
performance activities of others are regulated are known as
managers. In organizations, the highest level consists of the
board of directors or board of trustees. They are the affiliates
voted by stockholders to represent their interests in the
organization. Below that level are the top managers, who are
responsible for how the whole organization performs and is
running smoothly. Next are the middle managers who
administer the work of departments or divisions in an
organization. Last on the levels of managers are the first line
managers and they are responsible for overseeing non
managerial workers and report to middle managers.
The first and highest level of management is known as the top
managers. They are the ones that come up with the strategies,
missions, and purposes on how the organization should run. Top
managers focus on the long run of the organization, such as
problems and opportunities. They are usually tactical thinkers
that even under uncertain circumstances or pressure they are
able to make practical decisions. In a typical business the chief
executive officer, chief operating officer, and president would
be in the top managers' category. They are the ones that make
sure the world and the organization are connected. The top
managers oversees that the organization is performing the best
it can to meet short term goals as well as advancing in plans for
long term goals.
The second level of management is known as the middle
managers. These managers' work and report to the top managers
while still helping the lower levels to progress. Middle
managers are the ones to put the plans and strategies to action
to achieve the goals or objectives of the organization. The

middle managers consist of division managers, branch
managers, and regional managers. For example, the manager of
a bank, that manager is responsible that the whole branch is
running accordingly and is meeting the goals that are set for
each branch.
The third level of management is known as the first line
managers. This category includes the team leaders, supervisors,
and department heads. They report and work with the middle
managers on implementing work purposes. They lead in smaller
work groups that have non managerial workers. An example of
this would be the team leader on the teller line at the bank. That
team leader is responsible for the workers on the teller line,
making sure the tellers are performing their duties.
]]>
Score Point 4
Writing Trait:
Commentary:
Focus & Meaning
There is adequate focus and meaning in the response. The writer
establishes a controlling idea or bottom line and demonstrates a
basic understanding of the purpose of the task. Additionally, the
writer adapts the message to the intended audience and
completes many parts of the task.
The writer demonstrates an adequate understanding of the
purpose, conveying the particular tone necessary for the
response. Additionally, the writer addresses all parts of the
prompt task by identifying positions at each level of
management and describing the responsibilities of managers
with those titles. ("Management is the ability to get things done
effectively and efficiently with and through individuals. There
are 3 main types of managers in the business world. Top level

managers, middle managers, and first line managers. All three
of these levels have different responsibilities within a company
to get things finished effectively and efficiently. Without
management in a company there is a very good chance of
confusion, which can inevitably affect the company in the long
run.")
The response provides adequate content and development. The
writer develops ideas adequately, using some business concepts
and terms.
The main ideas of the body paragraphs support the overall
message. The body paragraphs are devoted to the top three
levels of management in sequential order, and the writer
provides details that illustrate responsibilities of an individual
in a specific management position at each tier in the business
hierarchy. ("The first level of management is the top level
managers. They are most often the highest ranking individuals
of the company. The most obvious positions of this level of
management is Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the President
of the company. This level has to make sure the needs of the
employees, investors, and customers are met. The managers at
this level have to make sure they abide by any of the laws that
are out there and make sure everything below them is running
smoothly. Many believe this position can do whatever they feel
like doing. This is correct in a way but they have to make sure
they please the people and make sure the company is moving in
the right direction. In order to make sure the company is
moving in the right direction they set up the companies aim
through goals and objectives that are sent down the ladder to the
lower level managers. The main management function this level
needs to know is planning and organizing. To even consider
being this level of management you must have excellent
decision making, and interpersonal skills. The top level
managers have their eyes on the future and want to spread the

messages down to lower level managers so that the entire
company can have their sights on the same goals.")
Organization
The organization of ideas in the response is adequate as well.
The writer demonstrates a generally unified structure while
employing the use of some paragraphing or grouping of
information, logical connections, and transitional devices.
Logical connections and transitions between paragraphs are
used adequately, but the writer should consider including
transitions between sentences within the paragraphs to create a
better flow of ideas. ("Lastly, first line managers are the lowest
line of managers in a company. These managers are leading the
non managerial workers every day. They supervise the line
duties in the manufacturing part of the company. They are also
very important for feedback from the workers on their
satisfaction. The levels above this level can then review the
information they get from workers, consider, and take
neccasssary actions to better the employee happiness. Two
positions that go with first line managers are office managers
and head nurses.")
The writer exhibits adequate use of language and style in the
response. The writer employs appropriate professional language
and word choice, awareness of audience, and control of voice.
The writer generally uses correct sentence structure with some
variety.
Language use and word choice are generally appropriate and
professional in nature. The response includes some business
terminology to describe the functions of management at each
level. ("This level has to make sure the first line managers are
doing there job efficiently and effectively. They also must
satisfy the needs and wants of the top level managers. The ideas

and goals top level managers make are carried out by this level
of management and are spread up between individuals that seem
best fit for the job. GM's make sure everyone in the company at
this level and below this level understand their roles in the
company. They make sure people get things done and get things
done on time. The main management functions this level needs
to know is an even combination of planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling. To get an opportunity at this level of
management individuals must have a balance of technical,
interpersonal, and decision making skills. Middle level
managers have knowledge of what the top level managers want
in the future and how they can achieve these goals through other
levels within a company.")
There is adequate control of mechanics and conventions in the
response. Although there are some errors in punctuation,
spelling and usage, grammar, and sentence structure, they do
not significantly interfere with the communication of the
writer's intended message.
The response demonstrates generally correct grammar (i.e.,
adequate use of subject-verb agreement, pronouns, parallel
structure, and sentence structure, with few fragments and run-
ons), although the confusing structure of some sentences may
interfere with the clarity of the writer's message. ("The main
management function this level needs to know is planning and
organizing. To even consider being this level of management
you must have excellent decision making, and interpersonal
skills. ... The main management functions this level needs to
know is an even combination of planning, organizing, leading,
and controlling.")
Management is the ability to get things done effectively and
efficiently with and through individuals. There are 3 main types
of managers in the business world. Top level managers, middle

managers, and first line managers. All three of these levels have
different responsibilities within a company to get things
finished effectively and efficiently. Without management in a
company there is a very good chance of confusion, which can
inevitably affect the company in the long run.
The first level of management is the top level managers. They
are most often the highest ranking individuals of the company.
The most obvious positions of this level of management is Chief
Executive Officer (CEO) and the President of the company. This
level has to make sure the needs of the employees, investors,
and customers are met. The managers at this level have to make
sure they abide by any of the laws that are out there and make
sure everything below them is running smoothly. Many believe
this position can do whatever they feel like doing. This is
correct in a way but they have to make sure they please the
people and make sure the company is moving in the right
direction. In order to make sure the company is moving in the
right direction they set up the companies aim through goals and
objectives that are sent down the ladder to the lower level
managers. The main management function this level needs to
know is planning and organizing. To even consider being this
level of management you must have excellent decision making,
and interpersonal skills. The top level managers have their eyes
on the future and want to spread the messages down to lower
level managers so that the entire company can have their sights
on the same goals.
Middle managers are exactly that. They are the middle
men/women of top level managers and first line managers.
These positions take orders from top level managers to get
things down on their own with the aid of the people below them.
Two positions that go with middle managers are general manger
(GM) and department head. This level has to make sure the first
line managers are doing there job efficiently and effectively.
They also must satisfy the needs and wants of the top level
managers. The ideas and goals top level managers make are
carried out by this level of management and are spread up

between individuals that seem best fit for the job. GM's make
sure everyone in the company at this level and below this level
understand their roles in the company. They make sure people
get things done and get things done on time. The main
management functions this level needs to know is an even
combination of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
To get an opportunity at this level of management individuals
must have a balance of technical, interpersonal, and decision
making skills. Middle level managers have knowledge of what
the top level managers want in the future and how they can
achieve these goals through other levels within a company.
Lastly, first line managers are the lowest line of managers in a
company. These managers are leading the non managerial
workers every day. They supervise the line duties in the
manufacturing part of the company. They are also very
important for feedback from the workers on their satisfaction.
The levels above this level can then review the information they
get from workers, consider, and take neccasssary actions to
better the employee happiness. Two positions that go with first
line managers are office managers and head nurses. Office
managers are the individuals that supervise and organize the
workers below them. Like every other level, they make sure
everything is running smoothly. This level of management also
has goals that must be reached at a certain time to keep things
flowing. This level may be the lowest line of managers but they
play a large part in the company's effectiveness, efficiency, and
employee satisfaction.
In the end, management is very important in the business world.
They organize ideas and set goals that must be carried out from
level to level. If there is a slip up somewhere in the line there
are other individuals around that can pick up the mistake or
make sure that person gets a grip on things and continues
moving in the right direction. If a company can have mangers
that display great effectiveness and efficiency then that
company will progress as time moves on.

]]>
Score Point 5
Writing Trait:
Commentary:
Focus & Meaning
There is good focus and meaning established in the response.
The writer establishes and maintains a clear controlling idea or
bottom line and demonstrates a general understanding of the
purpose. The writer adapts the message to the audience and
completes most parts of the task.
The response focuses well on the controlling idea with details
about the top three levels of management.
The writer incorporates a description of a manager's role and
responsibilities at each level in an organization, which
contributes directly to the writer's main idea. ("The highest
manager in the top level is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
has a very important role in the company. They must meet the
needs of employees, customers, investors, communities, and the
law. Proctor and Gamble's former CEO, A.G. Lafley, says the
job of top managers is to 'link the external world with the
internal organization, make sure the voice of the consumer is
heard, and shape values and standards'. Top managers have
many aspects of the company to handle, which may explain why
they are paid so well. They are the ones that keep the company
running at optimal efficiency. The next in command is the Chief
Operating Officer (COO), who has to be responsible for the
daily operation of the company. They routinely report to the
highest ranking executive, usually the Chief Executive Officer.
The Chief Operating Officer can also hold the title of President,
which would make them second in command behind the CEO.")

The response provides good content and development of ideas.
The writer develops ideas clearly, using business concepts and
terms.
Supporting details, including business concepts and terms, are
used to develop the examples effectively. The writer discusses
the responsibilities of various line-level managers and rounds
out the paragraph with an example about a manager at a
McDonald's restaurant. ("The line level of management consists
of team leaders or supervisors, who are people in charge of a
small work group composed of non managerial workers. Typical
job titles at this level include department head, team leader, and
supervisor. According to WileyPLUS, 'the leader of an auditing
team is considered a first line manager as is the head of an
academic department in a university'. Line managers are
responsible for work that makes a direct contribution to the
organization's outputs. Their most important job is to manage
the employees working directly under them. The line managers
perform employee evaluations, create schedules, and deal with
problems that might develop. They also inspire employees to
make changes happen. These changes are what the upper
management of the organization wants to occur. A manager at
McDonalds is a good example of a team leader. Team leaders
are expected to do the same things the crew does, although
technically, their job is to supervise. McDonalds managers will
make sandwiches, cook meat and chicken, take orders at the
front register or drive thru window, cook fries, and wash dishes,
just as any member of their crew would. According to
Sunnyglitter, 'Supervisors will mainly be counting drawers and
preparing deposits, taking inventory, creating a weekly schedule
for crew members and a monthly schedule for managers, handle
customer complaints, paperwork, orientation, and training
sessions for new employees'. Managers that work at fast food
places and restaurants are not only bosses, but they are leaders
that will get their hands dirty and help the employees when
short staffed or help is needed on a full night.")

Organization
There is good organization of ideas in the response. The writer
demonstrates a mostly unified structure and consistency in the
use of paragraphing or grouping of information, logical
connections, and transitional devices.
Logical connections and transitions within paragraphs or
between sentences are used well. ("The next level of managers
are the middle managers. The middle managers are in charge of
relatively large departments or divisions consisting of several
smaller work units. Middle managers work with top level
managers, coordinate with peers, and support lower levels to
develop and pursue action plans that implement organizational
strategies to accomplish key objectives. A dean of a university
is a good example of a middle manager.")
There is good use of language and style in the response. The
writer demonstrates appropriate professional language and word
choice, with some evidence of voice and a clear sense of
audience. Additionally, the use of well-structured and varied
sentences adds to the effectiveness of the overall message.
The writer uses a variety of sentence lengths and structures
throughout the response, which makes the response more
interesting for the readers. ("A dean is a person with significant
authority over a specific academic unit, over a specific area of
concern, or both. They have many responsibilities, including
approving faculty hiring, setting academic policies, overseeing
the budget, fundraising, and other administration. Such a dean
is usually a tenured professor from one of the departments, but
gives up many of their teaching and research activities upon
assuming the deanship. Plant managers are another example of a
middle manager. Their job is to oversee production and
efficiency of employees to make sure the plant is running

smoothly, efficiently, and safely. They are also the people who
watch over and organize the daily operations of manufacturing
plants and similar places.")
The response exhibits good control of mechanics and
conventions. There are a few errors in punctuation, spelling and
usage, grammar, and sentence structure, but they do not
interfere with the writer's intended message.
The response demonstrates good use of punctuation (i.e.,
apostrophes, colons, commas, hyphens, italics, parentheses,
periods, quotation marks, and semicolons). ("Proctor and
Gamble's former CEO, A.G. Lafley, says the job of top
managers is to 'link the external world with the internal
organization, make sure the voice of the consumer is heard, and
shape values and standards.'")
Levels of Management
In the business world, there are three levels of upper
management: the top level, the middle managers, and the team
leaders. Each manager position holds a vital role in keeping the
company running smoothly and up to date. The managers may
be the top level of management, but any big changes or ideas
have to go through the Board of Directors first. The Board of
Directors oversees the performance of the company to make
sure it is being run right.
The highest ranking members of management are the top level
managers. These members include the Chief Executive Officer
(CEO), Chief Operating Officer (COO), Chief Information
Officer (CIO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), President, and
Vice President. These top managers constitute an executive
team that reports to the board and is responsible for the
performance of an organization as a whole or for one of its
larger parts. The top managers have large amounts of power, but
they still have to answer to the Board of Directors. Each

member of the Board of Directors is chosen by stockholders to
represent their ownership interests when the big decisions of the
company are being made. The highest manager in the top level
is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has a very important role
in the company. They must meet the needs of employees,
customers, investors, communities, and the law. Proctor and
Gamble's former CEO, A.G. Lafley, says the job of top
managers is to "link the external world with the internal
organization, make sure the voice of the consumer is heard, and
shape values and standards." Top managers have many aspects
of the company to handle, which may explain why they are paid
so well. They are the ones that keep the company running at
optimal efficiency. The next in command is the Chief Operating
Officer (COO), who has to be responsible for the daily
operation of the company. They routinely report to the highest
ranking executive, usually the Chief Executive Officer. The
Chief Operating Officer can also hold the title of President,
which would make them second in command behind the CEO.
The next level of managers are the middle managers. The
middle managers are in charge of relatively large departments
or divisions consisting of several smaller work units. Middle
managers work with top level managers, coordinate with peers,
and support lower levels to develop and pursue action plans that
implement organizational strategies to accomplish key
objectives. A dean of a university is a good example of a middle
manager. A dean is a person with significant authority over a
specific academic unit, over a specific area of concern, or both.
They have many responsibilities, including approving faculty
hiring, setting academic policies, overseeing the budget,
fundraising, and other administration. Such a dean is usually a
tenured professor from one of the departments, but gives up
many of their teaching and research activities upon assuming
the deanship. Plant managers are another example of a middle
manager. Their job is to oversee production and efficiency of
employees to make sure the plant is running smoothly,
efficiently, and safely. They are also the people who watch over

and organize the daily operations of manufacturing plants and
similar places. According to
snagajob.com
, "Plant managers might oversee an entire location, or just a
section of the operation. Plant managers maintain optimum
operation by assigning workers, creating and keeping work and
production schedules, hiring and training new employees,
collecting and looking through data to find places of waste or
places of improvement, keep an eye on worker safety and plant
safety, monitor the production equipment to make sure that it
stays in good working order, and repair or replace the
equipment when needed". Plant managers are important
especially when it comes to keeping machines at optimal
efficiency.
The line level of management consists of team leaders or
supervisors, who are people in charge of a small work group
composed of non managerial workers. Typical job titles at this
level include department head, team leader, and supervisor.
According to WileyPLUS, "the leader of an auditing team is
considered a first line manager as is the head of an academic
department in a university". Line managers are responsible for
work that makes a direct contribution to the organization's
outputs. Their most important job is to manage the employees
working directly under them. The line managers perform
employee evaluations, create schedules, and deal with problems
that might develop. They also inspire employees to make
changes happen. These changes are what the upper management
of the organization wants to occur. A manager at McDonalds is
a good example of a team leader. Team leaders are expected to
do the same things the crew does, although technically, their job
is to supervise. McDonalds managers will make sandwiches,
cook meat and chicken, take orders at the front register or drive
thru window, cook fries, and wash dishes, just as any member of
their crew would. According to Sunnyglitter, "Supervisors will
mainly be counting drawers and preparing deposits, taking
inventory, creating a weekly schedule for crew members and a

monthly schedule for managers, handle customer complaints,
paperwork, orientation, and training sessions for new
employees". Managers that work at fast food places and
restaurants are not only bosses, but they are leaders that will get
their hands dirty and help the employees when short staffed or
help is needed on a full night.
There are many different labels for managers, such as top
managers, middle managers, team leaders, supervisors, line
managers, staff managers, and general managers. However, they
all have the same purpose: trying to better the company and
keep it running at full capacity. Some positions may be higher
than others and the pay may be drastically different, but at the
end of the day they are all striving for a successful company.
"Everything You Want to Know About Being a McDonald's
Manager." HubPages. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Sept. 2014.
"Plant Manager Job Description." Snagajob. N.p., n.d. Web. 05
Sept. 2014.
"Schermerhorn Management"
www.wiley.com/college/schermerhorn
]]>
Score Point 6
Writing Trait:
Commentary:
Focus & Meaning
There is very effective focus and meaning in the response. The
writer establishes and maintains an insightful controlling idea
or bottom line and demonstrates a thorough understanding of
the purpose of the task. Additionally, the writer clearly adapts
the message to the intended audience and successfully
completes all parts of the task.
The writer clearly demonstrates a thorough understanding of the

purpose of the task. All of the details included in the response
relate to the central/controlling idea or bottom line very
effectively, and the response does not include additional or
nonessential information. The prompt task requires the writer to
define levels of management, give examples of job titles, and
explain managers' responsibilities at each of the top three
levels. The writer maintains the focus throughout the response
by effectively describing the responsibilities of managers at
each level and how they differ. ("The highest level of
management is termed top management. Some job titles
associated with this level include: president, vice president,
chief executive officer, and managing director (Robbins,
Decenzo, & Coulter, 2013). These managers will most likely be
required to have many years of management experience. They
usually have a very public job; if a press conference or public
address is held, it will most likely be the top level manager
delivering the speech. Top managers are not in charge of the
day to day business activities. They are more concerned with
setting goals for the organization and developing policy to
ensure the organization is running efficiently. Some examples
of organizational goals are profitability, employee retention,
expansion, and increased efficiency. Not only do these
individuals set goals, they also determine strategic plans to
attain them. Before passing these goals off to the middle and
line managers, the top level manager will make sure that the
goals are ready for implementation; this includes but is not
limited to the specificity of the goal, measurability, and
attainability. These managers think more about making the
company profitable in the long term, rather than focusing on
short term tasks.")
The response demonstrates very effective content and
development. The writer develops ideas fully and memorably,
using appropriate business concepts and terms.

The writer uses supporting details to develop ideas clearly, and
relevant points explain and illustrate all prompt tasks very
effectively. In the paragraph about middle management, the
writer explains fully how middle managers are the liaisons
between top management and the line-level managers. The
details in the response create a clear picture of the challenges
involved in middle management. ("While top management is
concerned with the long term strategy of a company, the
employees of middle management are involved in daily
innovation to increase their overall performance in their
department of the organization. Instead of concerning
themselves with what will be happening next year, the middle
manager is looking at a much shorter timeline. This manager is
using the strategy and policy put in play by upper management
to strengthen and evolve his team. The middle manager's team is
composed of the line managers who oversee employee
productivity. Much like their title, middle management, these
employees often play middleman. They are responsible for
communicating the policy and strategy laid out by the upper
management. Middle managers are often seen as the enemy by
lower level employees when corporations are going through
hard times. Even though this group of individuals does not make
the rules, they are the ones that have to bring the news of
changing policy, new organizational goals, and even layoffs to
employees under them on the ladder. Middle managers are said
to have one of the most difficult jobs in an organization.")
Organization
The organization of information in the response is very
effective as well. The writer demonstrates a cohesive and
unified structure with effective use of paragraphing or grouping
of information, logical connections, and transitional devices.
The writer effectively groups information into body paragraphs
according to managerial tiers, but transitional words or phrases
should be included between paragraphs to guide the readers

from one idea to the next. ("Middle managers are the
individuals holding positions below top management and above
line management. The job titles of employees holding these
positions will typically be department head, project leader,
district manager, and division manager (Robbins, Decenzo, &
Coulter, 2013). One of the most important jobs that a middle
manager will do will be carrying out the goals, strategies, and
policies that have been developed by the top managers. Middle
managers will often provide feedback to top management about
organizational progress and implementation of policy.")
The conclusion summarizes the main points of the response very
effectively by reviewing the roles of each type of manager. The
writer acknowledges that the three levels of management are
interdependent and necessary to the success of an organization.
("In conclusion, all levels of management are vital to the
success of an organization. It is pertinent to have strong and
competent individuals holding positions in management at every
level. Top managers must develop goals and policies, middle
level must provide guidance and make important decisions, and
first level managers must ensure productivity and efficiency
standards are being met every day. Each level is dependent upon
one another to ensure prosperity for the company.")
The writer demonstrates very effective use of language and
style throughout the response. The writer employs precise,
professional language and word choice, a defined voice, and a
clear sense of audience. The use of well-structured and varied
sentences adds to the effectiveness of the writer's message.
The language and tone are consistent, precise, and professional.
The writer makes good use of words and phrases related to the
goals and objectives of managers at the top, middle, and line
levels of management. Sentences are well structured and varied,
demonstrating excellent voice and effective style throughout the
response. ("A line manager is responsible for empowering

employees with the tools that they will need to be successful in
their position. Line managers are typically mentors for their
workers, because first level managers are usually promoted
directly from the positions which they will be overseeing. This
gives a line manager knowledge and insight from personal and
professional job experience. Training employees is another
responsibility that falls within the scope of line management.
Since the manager has most likely done the job that the
employee is engaged in, he or she will be a great aid in keeping
up training and new information within the field. Line managers
are also team builders. These managers plan and implement
programs and activities to strengthen relationships within their
unit. First level managers work hand in hand with their
employees every day and tend to invest a great deal into them
both personally and professionally.")
The writer demonstrates very effective control of mechanics and
conventions. There are few or no errors in punctuation, spelling
and usage, grammar, and sentence structure.
The response effectively demonstrates correct grammar (i.e.,
excellent use of subject-verb agreement, pronouns, parallel
structure, and sentence structure). ("An individual in a top level
management position should spend most of his/her time
developing strategy, taking interest in shareholders and what
they want, and steering the company toward markets that will be
most profitable for the business in the future and have greater
returns on investments. In order to devote an adequate amount
of time to these pressing issues, a top manager will have to
delegate decision making responsibilities to a lower level of
management.")

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