Radish is an important vegetable vegetable vegetable vegetable vegetable

1. Radish
Raphanus sativus L.

2. Classification
English Name: Radish
Botanical Name: Raphanus sativus L.
Family: Cruciferae
Origin:
 The exact origin of radishes is unknown but they are thought to
be originated in the region of West Asia and Europe

3. Top Growing Countries
China
Japan
Austria
Germany
Italy
France
Netherlands

4. Climate and General Description
Cool season popular vegetable.
Can be ready within 3-6 weeks.
Mostly cultivated around cities.
Annual and Biannual. In 1st
season roots and then seeds.
Long days + cool season is fit for seed stock development.
Root, root hairs, leaves with cuts.
Green Color of leaves. Leaves are in a circle growing from
centre to outward.
Root and Fruit size, shape and color varied according to
variety.

5. Nutritive value per 100 g
Water 94 ml
Protein1.0 g
Fat Negligible
CHO 4 g
Fiber 0.7 g
Ca 3 mg
Iron 1.0 mg
Vitamin-A Negligible
Thiamin 0.03 mg
Riboflavin 0.03 mg
Nicotine amide 0.3 mg
Ascorbic Acid 25 mg

6. Soil Requirement
On variety of soils
Fertile and loamy soil is better
Can be grown on soils which is not considered for
other root crops
Soil should be free from stones
3-4 ploughings, mix FYM and planking for proper
leveling

7. Spacing
R-R 65-75 cm
P-P 8-10 cm
Depth 1.5-2.5 cm
Sowing time
Desi varieties July-Aug.
Japanese varieties Sep-Nov.

8. Seed Rate
3.5-4.5 kg/acre.
Thinning
At 4 cm height, thin the crop.
1-2 hoeing to remove weeds.
Irrigation
First immediately after sowing.
July-Aug crop, at 4-5 days interval.
Sep-Oct crop, 1st
2-3 irrigations after 1 week interval and
later on 14 days interval.
Light and frequent irrigation is better.

9. Varieties
European or temperate Types
Used for salad purpose and small in size.
Asian or tropical varieties
High yielding
Early varieties
Round or Turnip Shape
Half long, olive or oval shape
Long
Summer Types
Round and Long
Winter Types
Pungent Large planted in Autumn.
Mostly Grown Varieties
Local Red, Local White, Round Red, Shamora, Manochi, Lal Pari,
Shaomai, Yokohama, Averest, Green Neck.

10. Time of maturity
25-40 days according to variety.
Fertilizer
NPK @ 20-20-25 kg/acre.
1 bag DAP and 1 bag potash for an acre.
Propagation
Through seed on ridges/beds by Kera method.
Through ducks
Ducks are planted in Nov-Dec.

11. Harvesting
Harvest when roots attain marketable size.
With hand pulled, washed and bundles are made.
They are placed in baskets.
Machine may also be used to harvest.
Transparent bags are used for marketing.
Yield
8-10 tons/acre.
20000-30000 kg/ha.

12. Seed Production
 Self incompatible
 Pollination through wind or insect
 Different varieties should be at a distance of 500 m
 Select the radishes for ducks. If any variability, reject roots per plant for
ducks
 Make 2-3 visits of field
 Use FYM in early crop
 Select Healthy ducks without Pith
 Ducks Having leaves 5 cm
 Total length of duck should be 10-12 cm

13. Uses
Favorite crop of home gardeners.
Fresh leaves and roots are used as salad.
Cooking alone or mixed with other vegetable.
Pickles.
Fruit is very delicious and popular.
Leaves rich in vitamin A and C.

14. Insects and Diseases
Insects
Aphids
Flea Beetles
Diseases
Downy mildew
Radish root rot

15. Aphids
Aphids can stunt and distort the growth of
radish
Cause wilting
Aphids can also spread plant viruses.
Aphid numbers are generally highest in spring
when conditions are favorable.
Control:
Spray proper insecticide at regular intervals

16. Aphid Attack on Radish

17. Flea Beetles
 Tiny holes appeared on leaves after chewing of adult
insect.
 Slender, whitish, cylindrical larvae feed in or on roots
but root damage is generally minimal.
 Mainly leaves are affected
Control:
 Dust with Rotenone.
 Keep debris removed.
 Rotate location of planting from year to year.

18. Flea beetle Attack on Radish

19. Downy mildew
Initial symptoms of downy mildew appear on
leaves as light green to yellow spots
Stunted growth
Control:
Use resistant varieties
Ensure that the right control measures are
implemented for the right time and conditions

20. Root rot
 It is a bacterial disease, which spreads through
implements and irrigation water.
 Symptoms appear as rotting of pith tissues resulting
in cavity formation and wilting of plants.
 The disease spreads when the roots are transplanted
for seed production.
Control:
 Seed treatment at the time of sowing is effective in
checking the disease