This document discusses radiometric titration, which uses a radioactive reagent to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. It defines titration as slowly adding a solution of known concentration (titrant) to an unknown solution (titrand) until the reaction is complete, often indicated by a color change. For radiometric titration, the titrant contains a radioactive isotope and the endpoint is determined by a maximum or minimum in the measured radioactivity. The document provides details on the standard solution, analyte, equivalence point, endpoint, calibrated burette, and indicators used in titrations. It lists conditions like the isotope forming a easily titratable compound and lists some applications of radiometric titration.

1. NUCLEAR ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY
RADIOMETRIC TITRATION
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Rana Farhat Shb

2. Submitted By:
• Haji Umar Farooq
• Taimor Bilal
• Muhammad Kashif
• Izhar Kazim
• Mansoor Ahmad
• Ameer Hamza
• Muhammad Shahbaz
• Muneeb Khalid

3. TITRATION
• Titration is a technique to determine the
concentration of an unknown solution.
• Titration is the slow addition of one
solution of a known concentration
(called a titrant or titrator) to a known
volume of another solution of unknown
concentration (called a titrand or
analyte) until the reaction is completed,
which is often indicated by a color
change.

4. RADIOMETRIC TITRATION
When a titration involve radioactive
reagent it is called radiometric titration.
Radiometric titration is a quantitative
method for the determination of an
element.

5. Elements of Titration . . .
 Standard solution:
The solution of known
concentration.
An accurately
measured amount of
standard solution is
added during titration.
 The analyte:
 The solution of
unknown concentration
is known as the analyte.

6. • The equivalence point:
The equivalence point is the ideal point for
the completion of titration.
• The end point:
• It indicates once the equivalence point
has been reached. It is indicated by
some form of indicator (Colour).

7. • The calibrated burette:
it is the main piece of
equipment required for a
titration method. Calibration is
important. Therefore we use
calibrated burette for this
purpose.

8. • The Indicator:
Usually used to determine the end point. These are
colour substances.
Indicators must only be added to the solution of unknown
concentration when no visible reaction will occur.

9. CONDITIONS
Radioactive isotope is easily formed
compound.
The activity of the titrant should be
significantly change by the addition of
other compound.

10. • The end point of the titration should have
minimum or maximum activity.
• Titration does not favour the other
compound formation, i.e; Side reaction is
not possible.
• RMT should be form a less soluble or
removal compound in the titration.

11. APPLICATIONS

12. THANK YOU