The document proposes building a Quechua Knowledge Graph called QUIPU to increase access to information and technology in the Quechua language. It discusses extracting knowledge from sources like Wikidata and Wiktionary to build the graph, hosting it using GraphDB, and curating the knowledge. The goal is to pilot conversational interfaces like chatbots and voice assistants that can retrieve information from QUIPU in Quechua to promote inclusion of indigenous communities.

1. Elwin Huaman
August, 2019
QUIPU:
Quechua Knowledge Graph
Pilot: Building a virtual assistant based on Quechua language

2. or talking knots, Quipu [key-poo] is an ancient Incan
knowledge base and “writing system”, consisting of
various type and colours of knots tied to a main
cord, which represents both statistical (crops
grown, taxes, workers, mines, etc.) and narrative
information (stories and histories).
What does Quipu mean?
@ringmar.net

3. Seite 3

4. Seite 4
@interactive.quipu-project.com

5. “The global economy has been
transformed from a material-based
economy into a knowledge-based
economy. Whereas you can conquer oil
fields through war, you cannot acquire
knowledge that way. Hence today the
main source of wealth is knowledge.”
(Yuval Noah Harari)

6. Content
● Why QUIPU [The purpose]
● How we can built QUIPU [The process]
● What we achieve [The result]

7. Content
● Why QUIPU [The purpose]
● How we can built QUIPU [The process]
● What we achieve [The result]

8. Quechua speakers
@gemreportunesco.wordpress.com
@nephicode.blogspot.com

9. Ayllu (family): Huaman Quispe @quechuaexperience.github.io

10. Quechua education
@movehub.com @amazon.com

11. “The Web does
not just connect
machines, it
connects people”
(Tim Berners-Lee)
@123rf.com/profile_franzidraws

12. How does
language
shape your
experience of
the internet?
@internetsociety.org

13. Virtual assistant
OK Google,
maypitaq
Machu Picchu
kachkan?
Google Knowledge Graph
Motivation
Sorry, I
cannot
understand
you

14. Solution
QUIPU: Quechua Knowledge Graph
QUIPU,
maypitaq
Machu Picchu
kachkan?
Virtual assistant
Machu Picchu
kachkan Cusco
Suyupi

15. Content
● Why QUIPU [The purpose]
● How we can built QUIPU [The process]
● What we achieve [The result]

16. Do we need the help of Machines?
Is information understandable by Humans and Machines?
Example: “Machu Picchu was built in c. 1450”
Machu Picchu can be:
Inca Citadel
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q676203
Town
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q397990
Store
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2886434

17. Do we need the help of Machines?
How machines represent information?
Example: “Machu Picchu was built in c. 1450”
Simple statement: (Subject, Predicate, Object)
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q676203
Machu Picchu
"c. 1450"^^http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#langString
c. 1450
https://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/P571
built

18. Do we need the help of Machines?
How machines represent information?
Example: “Machu Picchu was built in c. 1450”
Simple statement: (Subject, Predicate, Object)
wd:Q676203
Machu Picchu
"c. 1450"^^rdf:langString
c. 1450
wdp:P571
built
Prefix declarations:
wd :<https://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
wdp :<https://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
rdf :<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

19. Prefix declarations:
wd :<https://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
wdp :<https://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
rdf :<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
xsd :<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
wd:Q676203
Machu Picchu
"c. 1450"^^rdf:langString
Built
wdp:P571
wd:Q5582862
Cusco
locationw
dp:P131
...jpg
image
wdp:P18
Inca Empireculturewdp:P2596
wd:Q28573
Built
wdp:P571
"c. 1438"^^rdf:langString
capital
wdp:P36
428 450^^xsd:integer
population
wdp:P1082
What is a
Knowledge Graph?

20. What is Quechua
Knowledge Graph?
Tawantinsuyu
Hatarichiska
wdp:P571
Prefix declarations:
wd :<https://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
wdp :<https://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
rdf :<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
xsd :<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
wd:Q676203
Machu Pikchu
"c. 1450"^^rdf:langString
wd:Q5582862
Qusqu
suyu
w
dp:P131
...jpg
wanki
wdp:P18
kawsaywdp:P2596
wd:Q28573
Hatarichiska
wdp:P571
"c. 1438"^^rdf:langString
umalli_llaqta
wdp:P36
428 450^^xsd:integer
kawsaqkuna
wdp:P1082

21. RDF (Resource Description Framework) allows to represent knowledge
graphs using syntaxes like Turtle, N-Triples, JSON-LD,...
e.g. RDF model using Turtle
How to represent a Knowledge Graph?
prefix dbr :<http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
prefix dbo :<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
prefix xsd :<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
dbr:Peru dbo:longName “Republic of Peru”^^xsd:string ;
dbo:capital dbr:Lima ;
dbo:currency dbr:Peruvian_sol ;
dbo:demonym “Peruvian”^^xsd:string ;
dbo:populationTotal “31 151 643”^^xsd:integer .
dbr:Lima dbo:populationTotal “8852000”^^xsd:integer ;
dbo:country dbr:Peru .

22. Talking Knowledge graphs: https://www.slideshare.net/STI-Innsbruck/talking-knowledge-graphs-ny
How to build a
Knowledge graph

23. Requirements:
● a well-known “standard” Ontology
or vocabulary, e.g. DBpedia Ontology
● homogeneous structure/models
e.g. a Place might be represented using
similar properties
● correct and complete information
e.g. how accurate is the knowledge
@ontology2.com
How to build a
Knowledge graph

24. Knowledge Creation
Methods
● Manual, uses Annotation tool for an specific domain.
● Semi-automatic, uses intermediate tools for extraction( e.g. Crawlers)
and for mapping(e.g. Annotation Editor) information.
● Mapping, maps different formats to an specific ontology and integrates
large knowledge bases.
● Automatic, applies Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine
Learning (ML), and more.

25. Knowledge Creation
Sources for creating QUIPU:
● RDF Exports from Wikidata
● Wikidata Toolkit
● Wikidata Sparql endpoint (export/consume)
● Wikidata ApiSandbox (search entities)
● Quechua Wiktionary
● Quechua Wikipedia
● Wikipedia Extractor
● Quechua Dictionary
● Microsoft Translator

26. Knowledge Creation
e.g. search antañiqiq entity.

27. Requirements:
Knowledge Hosting
Requirements:
● Annotation - Tool
e.g. A platform for creating and hosting annotations
● Document store for hosting semantic web annotations
e.g. MongoDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on JSON-LD.
● Graph Database for Hosting the Knowledge Graph
e.g. GraphDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on RDF.
Requirements:
● Annotation - Tool
e.g. A platform for creating and hosting annotations
● Document store for hosting semantic web annotations
e.g. MongoDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on JSON-LD.
● Graph Database for Hosting the Knowledge Graph
e.g. GraphDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on RDF.
Requirements:
● Annotation - Tool
e.g. A platform for creating and hosting annotations
● Document store for hosting semantic web annotations
e.g. MongoDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on JSON-LD.
● Graph Database for Hosting the Knowledge Graph
e.g. GraphDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on RDF.

28. Knowledge Curation
Requirements:
● Assessment
i.e. assess the quality
● Cleaning
i.e. assess the correctness
● Enrichment
i.e. assess the completeness
Qusqu
Tawantinsuyu
Machu Pikchu
H
atarichiska
built
c. 1450
kawsay
culture
um
alli_llaqta
location
Entity
Literal
Relationship
1536
umalli_llaqta
capital

29. Knowledge Deployment
Requirements:
● Knowledge management technology
○ e.g. GraphDB
● Data accessibility
○ e.g. personalized agents
● Conversational interfaces
○ e.g. automating customer communication, chatbots
Conversational user interfaces
(e.g. chatbots, voice assistants)
@amazon.com @google.com
@slack.com @facebook.com @telegram.org
Talking Knowledge graphs: https://www.slideshare.net/STI-Innsbruck/talking-knowledge-graphs-ny

30. Content
● Why QUIPU [The purpose]
● How we can built QUIPU [The process]
● What we achieve [The result]

31. ● Knowledge Creation
○ e.g. Create a RDF model using Turtle syntax
prefix dbr :<http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
prefix dbo :<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
prefix xsd :<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
dbr:Peru dbo:longName “Republic of Peru”^^xsd:string ;
dbo:capital dbr:Lima ;
dbo:currency dbr:Peruvian_sol ;
dbo:demonym “Peruvian”^^xsd:string ;
dbo:populationTotal “31 151 643”^^xsd:integer .
dbr:Lima dbo:populationTotal “8852000”^^xsd:integer ;
dbo:country dbr:Peru .
Pilot: QUIPU (Quechua Knowledge Graph)

32. Pilot: QUIPU (Quechua Knowledge Graph)
● Knowledge Hosting
e.g. use GraphDB to store the knowledge graph
● Knowledge Curation
Assessment of the quality, using metrics
Cleaning, detect and correct errors
Enrichment, detect duplicates and resolve conflicting property values.

33. Pilot: QUIPU (Quechua Knowledge Graph)
● Knowledge Deployment
○ e.g. personalized agents
○ e.g. DialogFlow
○ e.g. MycroftAI
■ skill-Wiki
■ *develop a Quechua speech recognition skill
● based on a Spanish voice assistant
■ *use the Quechua Wikipedia
■ *develop skill-Quechua-Wiki

34. Pilot: QUIPU (Quechua Knowledge Graph)

35. Pilot: QUIPU (Quechua Knowledge Graph)

36. Take away
● facilitate sustainable development of cultural heritage knowledge in developing
countries through promoting technological support in a native language.
● increase access to information and communication technology in their native
language and will decrease the digital illiteracy.
● Reduce inequalities by given access to new technologies to indigenous communities,
it can ensure that the new decisions for developing technologies (e.g. interfaces) also
have to consider the Quechua language.
● Quality education (e.g. ensure that children and old people can acquire the knowledge
and skills needed in their native language)

37. Tupananchiskama! @qu
Thank you & see us! @en
[user:elwinlhq]