Question 1
· The most accurate stellar parallax measurements for distances to the majority of stars in our neighborhood of the universe have been made by Answer
·
· 1.
· the Hubble Space Telescope.
·
· 2.
· the Hipparchos satellite.
·
· 3.
· the Very Long Baseline Array of radio telescopes.
·
· 4.
· Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, in 1838; no measurements since then have matched the
· precision of his measurements.
·
2 points
Question 2
· At what time did the universe cool to a temperature of about 3 K? Answer
·
· 1.
· end of the inflationary era
·
· 2.
· end of the Planck time
·
· 3.
· very recently
·
· 4.
· era of recombination
·
2 points
Question 3
· The present estimate for the Hubble constant is H0 = 71 ± 4 km/s / Mpc. Suppose a galaxy is observed at 3 million parsecs. If the Hubble law is used to determine its recessional velocity, what will be the uncertainty? Answer
·
· 1.
· ±225 km/sec
·
· 2.
· ±12 km/sec
·
· 3.
· ±201 km/sec
·
· 4.
· ±284 km/sec
·
2 points
Question 4
· Even though cosmic microwave background photons outnumber hydrogen atoms by about 1 billion to 1 in the universe, the universe is still considered to be matter-dominated because the Answer
·
· 1.
· photons, while collectively carrying a large amount of energy, do not carry an
· equivalent amount of momentum and hence play little role in collisions with matter.
·
·
· 2.
· photons have no rest mass and hence can generate no gravity.
·
· 3.
· nature of the photons is such that they interact with nothing as they pass through
· the universe.
·
·
· 4.
· photon energies are extremely small.
·
2 points
Question 5
· The cosmological redshift of the light from very distant galaxies is caused by the Answer
·
· 1.
· expansion of space, stretching the photon's wavelength while the photon is traveling
· toward Earth.
·
·
· 2.
· absorption of blue light by interstellar dust between the Earth and the galaxy so that
· only the red wavelengths reach the Earth.
·
·
· 3.
· Doppler shift, in which the photon's wavelength is stretched by the galaxy's motion
· through space, away from Earth, while the photon is being emitted.
·
·
· 4.
· rotation of the universe around its center (faster at greater distances from Earth).
·
2 points
Question 6
· A supercluster of galaxies is a Answer
·
· 1.
· cluster of galaxy clusters.
·
· 2.
· cluster of galaxies that is spread out over a larger than normal volume of space.
·
· 3.
· cluster of galaxies that is packed much more densely than normal clusters, giving
· it a higher mass.
·
·
· 4.
· phrase describing all the galaxies in the universe as a single system.
·
2 points
Question 7
· Why would intelligent alien beings wanting to communicate with us probably choose the 21-cm atomic hydrogen radio wavelength? Answer
·
· 1.
· This radiation at this particular wavelength is very weak from natural sources in space,
· and messages would be easily distinguished from othe ...
Question 1· When Venus is at inferior conjunction, it is An.docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· When Venus is at inferior conjunction, it is Answer
·
· 1.
· at its smallest distance from the Earth.
·
· 2.
· traveling at its greatest speed.
·
· 3.
· at its greatest angle from the Sun as seen from the Earth.
·
· 4.
· at its greatest distance from the Earth.
·
2 points
Question 2
· In the geocentric model of the solar system, which one of the following phases of Venus should be visible from Earth? Answer
·
· 1.
· gibbous phase between third quarter and full
·
· 2.
· full
·
· 3.
· new
·
· 4.
· gibbous phase between first quarter and full
·
2 points
Question 3
· When viewed from the Earth, the celestial sphere (the background of stars) moves east to west on a daily basis. This motion is caused by the Answer
·
· 1.
· revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
·
· 2.
· rotation of the Earth on its axis.
·
· 3.
· motion of the stars around the galactic center.
·
· 4.
· motion of the Sun through the Galaxy.
·
2 points
Question 4
· In the geocentric model for the solar system developed by Ptolemy, to what does the word epicycle refer? Answer
·
· 1.
· small circle about which a planet moves while the center of this circle moves
· around the Earth
·
· 2.
· large circle (orbit) that carries the planet around the Earth while the planet itself
· is moving in a smaller circle
·
·
· 3.
· complete cycle of planetary motions after which the motions repeat themselves
· (almost) exactly
·
·
· 4.
· length of time from when the planet is farthest from the Earth to the next time it
· is farthest from the Earth
·
2 points
Question 5
· Suppose that, at the same time on the same night, we see two supernovas (exploding stars) explode in the night sky. If one is in the Andromeda Galaxy, 2 million light-years away from us, and the other is in the galaxy M82, 6 million light-years away from us, which of the following statements concerning the actual explosion times of these supernovas is correct? Answer
·
· 1.
· We cannot tell which star actually exploded first because both stars are so far away.
·
· 2.
· The supernova in the Andromeda Galaxy actually occurred before the one in M82.
·
· 3.
· The supernova in the Andromeda Galaxy actually occurred after the one in M82.
·
· 4.
· We know both stars exploded at the same time because we saw the explosions at
· the same time.
·
2 points
Question 6
· A rocket that is accelerated by the force from the ejection of large quantities of hot gases represents an example of which physical law originally stated by Newton? Answer
·
· 1.
· Newton's first law of motion, concerned with state of rest or uniform motion
·
· 2.
· Newton's law of elliptical motion of planets
·
· 3.
· Newton's law of universal gravitation
·
· 4.
· Newton's third law of motion, concerning action and reaction forces
·
2 points
Question 7
· In the years after Newton published his laws of motion, it was found that the observed positions of the planet Uranus did not ...
Question 1· What characteristic of Cepheid variables makes th.docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· What characteristic of Cepheid variables makes them extremely useful to astronomers?
·
· 1.
· The absolute magnitude of Cepheid variables is related directly to their surface
· temperature.
·
·
· 2.
· The absolute magnitude of Cepheid variables is directly related to their diameter.
·
· 3.
· The absolute magnitude of Cepheid variables is related directly to their period of
· pulsation.
·
·
· 4.
· The absolute magnitude of Cepheid variables is related directly to their metal
· content (heavy element abundance).
·
1 points
Question 2
· What is the most important process that causes a protostar to stop accreting mass?
·
· 1.
· All of the infalling matter has been used up in the accretion.
·
· 2.
· Radiation and particles from the hot protostar push infalling matter away from
· the protostar.
·
·
· 3.
· Other protostars formed in the vicinity pass randomly through the infalling
· material and eventually disperse it.
·
·
· 4.
· The dense core spins up as it collapses, and eventually the infalling matter is
· held away from the protostar by the centrifugal force.
·
1 points
Question 3
· The definition of a main-sequence star is a star
·
· 1.
· whose age after birth is about 1 million years.
·
· 2.
· with a luminosity precisely equal to that of the Sun.
·
· 3.
· in which nuclear fusion reactions generate sufficient energy to oppose further
· condensation of the star.
·
·
· 4.
· with a surface temperature equal to that of the Sun.
·
1 points
Question 4
· Which of the following stars would you classify as a Population II star?
·
· 1.
· star with approximately the same abundance of heavy elements that we find in the Sun
·
· 2.
· star with very low abundance of heavy elements
·
· 3.
· star with much higher abundance of heavy elements than we find in the Sun
·
· 4.
· star in an open star cluster
·
1 points
Question 5
· The light from a distant cloud of gas and dust looks distinctly red to the unaided eye. When a spectrum is taken, the red color is found to come from a single, bright spectral line. Thus the red color in this situation is due to
·
· 1.
· interstellar reddening, the Balmer spectrum of hydrogen, or the Doppler effect.
·
· 2.
· interstellar reddening.
·
· 3.
· the Doppler effect.
·
· 4.
· the Balmer spectrum of hydrogen.
·
1 points
Question 6
· New stars are formed from
·
· 1.
· hot supernova remnants.
·
· 2.
· pure energy in free space.
·
· 3.
· activity around black holes in the centers of galaxies.
·
· 4.
· huge, cool dust and gas clouds.
·
1 points
Question 7
· If you were to look at 1 kilogram of material taken from the surface of the Sun and 1 kilogram taken from the center, which of the following statements would be true of the two kilograms?
·
· 1.
· Both kilograms have the same amount of hydrogen and are in fact mostly hydrogen.
·
· 2.
· The kilogram from the surface contains more hydrogen than the one from the center.
·
· 3 ...
Question 1· The rings of Saturn are seen by Answer· · 1.docxwraythallchan
The rings of Saturn are seen by reflected and scattered sunlight. Neptune appears blue-green with white, high-altitude clouds and dark storms. The major chemical constituent deposited on the surface of Io by volcanic activity is sulfur. Dust thrown up by the Chicxulub impact blotted out the Sun and disrupted the food chain over several years, causing the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Question 1· The average age of the surface of Venus has been .docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· The average age of the surface of Venus has been determined primarily from Answer
·
· 1.
· soil analysis by Russian landers.
·
· 2.
· the number of impact craters per unit area of surface.
·
· 3.
· radio-isotope analysis of rocks brought back from Venus by space probes.
·
· 4.
· the amount of weathering of lava flows imaged by the Magellan radar mapper.
·
2 points
Question 2
· The geology and geography of the surface of Venus is best described as Answer
·
· 1.
· heavily cratered, with no major volcanoes or lava flows.
·
· 2.
· colliding surface plates with long mountain chains, rift valleys, and deep subduction
· trenches.
·
·
· 3.
· mostly volcanic plains, with two continent-sized uplands and a number of large
· volcanoes.
·
·
· 4.
· volcanoes and volcanic uplifts in the northern hemisphere and cratered plains in the
· southern hemisphere.
·
2 points
Question 3
· Several components of the atmosphere and the environment on Mars render it sterile and antiseptic and would destroy life on the planet. Which of the following is NOT one of these factors? Answer
·
· 1.
· solar UV radiation, which is not absorbed by the thin atmosphere
·
· 2.
· sulfuric acid droplets in the atmosphere
·
· 3.
· ozone in the atmosphere produced by solar UV light
·
· 4.
· hydrogen peroxide in the soil
·
2 points
Question 4
· Mercury appears from spacecraft photographs to resemble the Moon in its surface features but with one important difference: Answer
·
· 1.
· the presence of retrograde direction of spin compared to most other planets and moons.
·
· 2.
· the presence of clouds and a measurable and significant atmosphere on Mercury.
·
· 3.
· the presence of extensive plains between craters, in contrast to the surface of the Moon.
·
· 4.
· evidence of active volcanoes on Mercury.
·
2 points
Question 5
· The internal structure of Mercury is a Answer
·
· 1.
· dense iron core taking up almost half of the volume of the planet and a rocky mantle
· surrounding the core.
·
·
· 2.
· thick rocky mantle taking up most of the volume of the planet, overlaying a small but
· dense iron core.
·
·
· 3.
· rocky core surrounded by liquid metallic hydrogen and a hydrogen-helium atmosphere.
·
· 4.
· rocky core with a liquid (or perhaps frozen) water mantle and icy surface.
·
2 points
Question 6
· One chemical element that plays a major role in the coloring and chemistry of the Venusian atmosphere and clouds, and is suspected of coming from volcanic eruptions, is Answer
·
· 1.
· sulfur (as dust), sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid droplets.
·
· 2.
· chlorine (as gas), hydrogen chloride, and hydrochloric acid droplets.
·
· 3.
· iron (as red dust), iron oxides, and iron sulfides.
·
· 4.
· nitrogen (as gas), nitric oxide, and nitric acid droplets.
·
2 points
Question 7
· Which planet is the hottest one in the solar system, measured at the surface? Answer
·
· 1.
· Mercury
·
· 2.
· Venus
· ...
Question 1· If light from a hot, dense star passes through a .docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· If light from a hot, dense star passes through a cool cloud of gas (see Figure 4-9, Comins and Kaufmann, Discovering the Universe, 8th ed.), Answer
·
· 1.
· only specific wavelengths of light will be removed from the spectrum.
·
· 2.
· the atoms of the gas cloud will add energy to the overall spectrum,
· enhancing it at specific wavelengths to produce emission lines.
·
·
· 3.
· the whole spectrum will be reduced in intensity.
·
· 4.
· the cool gas will not affect the spectrum of the star because cool atoms
· cannot absorb light.
·
1 points
Question 2
· In the revolution that overtook physics around 1900, the assumption that Planck made in order to solve the problem concerning the spectrum of radiation emitted by a hot blackbody was that radiation was Answer
·
· 1.
· emitted in small, discrete packets or quanta of energy whose individual
· energies were inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light.
·
·
· 2.
· made up of small, discrete packets or quanta of energy whose individual
· energies were all the same, independent of wavelength.
·
·
· 3.
· emitted as continuous waves whose wavelength was inversely
· proportional to the temperature of the object.
·
·
· 4.
· emitted in small, discrete packets or quanta of energy, each quantum
· having an energy directly proportional to the wavelength of the light.
·
1 points
Question 3
· The element helium was first discovered and identified as a separate element Answer
·
· 1.
· inside meteorites that had come from outer space.
·
· 2.
· on the Sun, from the emitted spectrum from its upper atmosphere.
·
· 3.
· in rocks containing radioactively decaying elements such as uranium.
·
· 4.
· in natural gas originating underground, from the spectrum emitted
· from a flame of burning natural gas.
·
1 points
Question 4
· An atom in which one or more electrons has been removed is known as a(n) Answer
·
· 1.
· molecule.
·
· 2.
· excited atom.
·
· 3.
· isotope.
·
· 4.
· ion.
·
1 points
Question 5
· A particular spectrograph, used by an astronomer to disperse light into its colors, contains a piece of glass that has been ruled with thousands of closely spaced, parallel lines. What is the name of this piece of glass? Answer
·
· 1.
· CCD array
·
· 2.
· interferometer
·
· 3.
· diffraction grating
·
· 4.
· prism
·
1 points
Question 6
· To a physicist, a blackbody is defined as an object that Answer
·
· 1.
· reflects all radiation that falls on it, never heating up and always appearing black.
·
· 2.
· always emits the same spectrum of light, whatever its temperature.
·
· 3.
· absorbs all radiation that falls on it.
·
· 4.
· always appears to be black, whatever its temperature.
·
1 points
Question 7
· A piece of iron is heated from 400 K to 800 K (127°C to 527°C). The total energy emitted per second by this iron will increase by a factor of Answer
·
· 1.
· 296.5.
·
· 2.
· 4.
·
· 3.
· 2.
·
· 4.
· 16.
· ...
Question 1· If a tenth planet (tentatively predicted to exist.docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· If a tenth planet (tentatively predicted to exist on the basis of perturbations in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune) were to be discovered with a sidereal period of 200 years, what would be the radius of its orbit (assumed to be circular)? Answer
·
· 1.
· 34.2 AU
·
· 2.
· 342 AU
·
· 3.
· 200 AU
·
· 4.
· 2828 AU
·
1 points
Question 2
· The one significant observation Galileo made through his home-built telescope that convinced him that the planets revolved around the Sun was the Answer
·
· 1.
· discovery of rings around the planet Saturn.
·
· 2.
· appearance of mountains and craters on the Moon.
·
· 3.
· appearance of the Milky Way as a mass of individual stars.
·
· 4.
· appearance of Venus following a cycle of phases, from crescent through
· quarter and gibbous phases to full.
·
1 points
Question 3
· For the angular momentum of an object to be conserved (i.e., to not change), the Answer
·
· 1.
· object must not be acted on by an internal torque (caused, for example,
· by the muscles in a skater's arms).
·
·
· 2.
· speed of the object must not change.
·
· 3.
· size of the object must not change.
·
· 4.
· object must not be acted on by an outside torque.
·
1 points
Question 4
· Who predicted the existence of the planet Neptune before it was discovered observationally? Answer
·
· 1.
· Newton and Halley
·
· 2.
· Kepler and Brahe
·
· 3.
· Kepler and Galileo
·
· 4.
· Adams and Leverrier
·
1 points
Question 5
· The old story about the person who sneezed so hard that he fell off his barstool is an exaggerated illustration of which physical law? Answer
·
· 1.
· Newton's law of universal gravitation
·
· 2.
· law forbidding the partaking of alcohol during physical experiments
·
· 3.
· Newton's third law of equal and opposite forces of action and reaction
·
· 4.
· law of inertia, Newton's first law
·
1 points
Question 6
· If two massive bodies, initially held at rest in space, are released, then they will begin to Answer
·
· 1.
· move in elliptical orbits around one another.
·
· 2.
· move toward one another.
·
· 3.
· orbit one another in circles.
·
· 4.
· move away from each other with constant acceleration.
·
1 points
Question 7
· In the geocentric model for the solar system developed by Ptolemy, to what does the word epicycle refer? Answer
·
· 1.
· complete cycle of planetary motions after which the motions repeat
· themselves (almost) exactly
·
·
· 2.
· length of time from when the planet is farthest from the Earth to the
· next time it is farthest from the Earth
·
·
· 3.
· large circle (orbit) that carries the planet around the Earth while the
· planet itself is moving in a smaller circle
·
·
· 4.
· small circle about which a planet moves while the center of this circle
· moves around the Earth
·
1 points
Question 8
· In which part of the sky does Venus appear at sunset when it is at greatest elongation? Answer
·
· 1.
· eastern
·
· ...
Astronomy - Stat eof the Art - CosmologyChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the properties of the whole universe are covered, including Hubble expansion, the age and size, the big bang, and dark energy.
Astronomy - State of the Art - GalaxiesChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the properties of galaxies are discussed, including supermassive black holes and dark matter.
Question 1· When Venus is at inferior conjunction, it is An.docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· When Venus is at inferior conjunction, it is Answer
·
· 1.
· at its smallest distance from the Earth.
·
· 2.
· traveling at its greatest speed.
·
· 3.
· at its greatest angle from the Sun as seen from the Earth.
·
· 4.
· at its greatest distance from the Earth.
·
2 points
Question 2
· In the geocentric model of the solar system, which one of the following phases of Venus should be visible from Earth? Answer
·
· 1.
· gibbous phase between third quarter and full
·
· 2.
· full
·
· 3.
· new
·
· 4.
· gibbous phase between first quarter and full
·
2 points
Question 3
· When viewed from the Earth, the celestial sphere (the background of stars) moves east to west on a daily basis. This motion is caused by the Answer
·
· 1.
· revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
·
· 2.
· rotation of the Earth on its axis.
·
· 3.
· motion of the stars around the galactic center.
·
· 4.
· motion of the Sun through the Galaxy.
·
2 points
Question 4
· In the geocentric model for the solar system developed by Ptolemy, to what does the word epicycle refer? Answer
·
· 1.
· small circle about which a planet moves while the center of this circle moves
· around the Earth
·
· 2.
· large circle (orbit) that carries the planet around the Earth while the planet itself
· is moving in a smaller circle
·
·
· 3.
· complete cycle of planetary motions after which the motions repeat themselves
· (almost) exactly
·
·
· 4.
· length of time from when the planet is farthest from the Earth to the next time it
· is farthest from the Earth
·
2 points
Question 5
· Suppose that, at the same time on the same night, we see two supernovas (exploding stars) explode in the night sky. If one is in the Andromeda Galaxy, 2 million light-years away from us, and the other is in the galaxy M82, 6 million light-years away from us, which of the following statements concerning the actual explosion times of these supernovas is correct? Answer
·
· 1.
· We cannot tell which star actually exploded first because both stars are so far away.
·
· 2.
· The supernova in the Andromeda Galaxy actually occurred before the one in M82.
·
· 3.
· The supernova in the Andromeda Galaxy actually occurred after the one in M82.
·
· 4.
· We know both stars exploded at the same time because we saw the explosions at
· the same time.
·
2 points
Question 6
· A rocket that is accelerated by the force from the ejection of large quantities of hot gases represents an example of which physical law originally stated by Newton? Answer
·
· 1.
· Newton's first law of motion, concerned with state of rest or uniform motion
·
· 2.
· Newton's law of elliptical motion of planets
·
· 3.
· Newton's law of universal gravitation
·
· 4.
· Newton's third law of motion, concerning action and reaction forces
·
2 points
Question 7
· In the years after Newton published his laws of motion, it was found that the observed positions of the planet Uranus did not ...
Question 1· What characteristic of Cepheid variables makes th.docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· What characteristic of Cepheid variables makes them extremely useful to astronomers?
·
· 1.
· The absolute magnitude of Cepheid variables is related directly to their surface
· temperature.
·
·
· 2.
· The absolute magnitude of Cepheid variables is directly related to their diameter.
·
· 3.
· The absolute magnitude of Cepheid variables is related directly to their period of
· pulsation.
·
·
· 4.
· The absolute magnitude of Cepheid variables is related directly to their metal
· content (heavy element abundance).
·
1 points
Question 2
· What is the most important process that causes a protostar to stop accreting mass?
·
· 1.
· All of the infalling matter has been used up in the accretion.
·
· 2.
· Radiation and particles from the hot protostar push infalling matter away from
· the protostar.
·
·
· 3.
· Other protostars formed in the vicinity pass randomly through the infalling
· material and eventually disperse it.
·
·
· 4.
· The dense core spins up as it collapses, and eventually the infalling matter is
· held away from the protostar by the centrifugal force.
·
1 points
Question 3
· The definition of a main-sequence star is a star
·
· 1.
· whose age after birth is about 1 million years.
·
· 2.
· with a luminosity precisely equal to that of the Sun.
·
· 3.
· in which nuclear fusion reactions generate sufficient energy to oppose further
· condensation of the star.
·
·
· 4.
· with a surface temperature equal to that of the Sun.
·
1 points
Question 4
· Which of the following stars would you classify as a Population II star?
·
· 1.
· star with approximately the same abundance of heavy elements that we find in the Sun
·
· 2.
· star with very low abundance of heavy elements
·
· 3.
· star with much higher abundance of heavy elements than we find in the Sun
·
· 4.
· star in an open star cluster
·
1 points
Question 5
· The light from a distant cloud of gas and dust looks distinctly red to the unaided eye. When a spectrum is taken, the red color is found to come from a single, bright spectral line. Thus the red color in this situation is due to
·
· 1.
· interstellar reddening, the Balmer spectrum of hydrogen, or the Doppler effect.
·
· 2.
· interstellar reddening.
·
· 3.
· the Doppler effect.
·
· 4.
· the Balmer spectrum of hydrogen.
·
1 points
Question 6
· New stars are formed from
·
· 1.
· hot supernova remnants.
·
· 2.
· pure energy in free space.
·
· 3.
· activity around black holes in the centers of galaxies.
·
· 4.
· huge, cool dust and gas clouds.
·
1 points
Question 7
· If you were to look at 1 kilogram of material taken from the surface of the Sun and 1 kilogram taken from the center, which of the following statements would be true of the two kilograms?
·
· 1.
· Both kilograms have the same amount of hydrogen and are in fact mostly hydrogen.
·
· 2.
· The kilogram from the surface contains more hydrogen than the one from the center.
·
· 3 ...
Question 1· The rings of Saturn are seen by Answer· · 1.docxwraythallchan
The rings of Saturn are seen by reflected and scattered sunlight. Neptune appears blue-green with white, high-altitude clouds and dark storms. The major chemical constituent deposited on the surface of Io by volcanic activity is sulfur. Dust thrown up by the Chicxulub impact blotted out the Sun and disrupted the food chain over several years, causing the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Question 1· The average age of the surface of Venus has been .docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· The average age of the surface of Venus has been determined primarily from Answer
·
· 1.
· soil analysis by Russian landers.
·
· 2.
· the number of impact craters per unit area of surface.
·
· 3.
· radio-isotope analysis of rocks brought back from Venus by space probes.
·
· 4.
· the amount of weathering of lava flows imaged by the Magellan radar mapper.
·
2 points
Question 2
· The geology and geography of the surface of Venus is best described as Answer
·
· 1.
· heavily cratered, with no major volcanoes or lava flows.
·
· 2.
· colliding surface plates with long mountain chains, rift valleys, and deep subduction
· trenches.
·
·
· 3.
· mostly volcanic plains, with two continent-sized uplands and a number of large
· volcanoes.
·
·
· 4.
· volcanoes and volcanic uplifts in the northern hemisphere and cratered plains in the
· southern hemisphere.
·
2 points
Question 3
· Several components of the atmosphere and the environment on Mars render it sterile and antiseptic and would destroy life on the planet. Which of the following is NOT one of these factors? Answer
·
· 1.
· solar UV radiation, which is not absorbed by the thin atmosphere
·
· 2.
· sulfuric acid droplets in the atmosphere
·
· 3.
· ozone in the atmosphere produced by solar UV light
·
· 4.
· hydrogen peroxide in the soil
·
2 points
Question 4
· Mercury appears from spacecraft photographs to resemble the Moon in its surface features but with one important difference: Answer
·
· 1.
· the presence of retrograde direction of spin compared to most other planets and moons.
·
· 2.
· the presence of clouds and a measurable and significant atmosphere on Mercury.
·
· 3.
· the presence of extensive plains between craters, in contrast to the surface of the Moon.
·
· 4.
· evidence of active volcanoes on Mercury.
·
2 points
Question 5
· The internal structure of Mercury is a Answer
·
· 1.
· dense iron core taking up almost half of the volume of the planet and a rocky mantle
· surrounding the core.
·
·
· 2.
· thick rocky mantle taking up most of the volume of the planet, overlaying a small but
· dense iron core.
·
·
· 3.
· rocky core surrounded by liquid metallic hydrogen and a hydrogen-helium atmosphere.
·
· 4.
· rocky core with a liquid (or perhaps frozen) water mantle and icy surface.
·
2 points
Question 6
· One chemical element that plays a major role in the coloring and chemistry of the Venusian atmosphere and clouds, and is suspected of coming from volcanic eruptions, is Answer
·
· 1.
· sulfur (as dust), sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid droplets.
·
· 2.
· chlorine (as gas), hydrogen chloride, and hydrochloric acid droplets.
·
· 3.
· iron (as red dust), iron oxides, and iron sulfides.
·
· 4.
· nitrogen (as gas), nitric oxide, and nitric acid droplets.
·
2 points
Question 7
· Which planet is the hottest one in the solar system, measured at the surface? Answer
·
· 1.
· Mercury
·
· 2.
· Venus
· ...
Question 1· If light from a hot, dense star passes through a .docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· If light from a hot, dense star passes through a cool cloud of gas (see Figure 4-9, Comins and Kaufmann, Discovering the Universe, 8th ed.), Answer
·
· 1.
· only specific wavelengths of light will be removed from the spectrum.
·
· 2.
· the atoms of the gas cloud will add energy to the overall spectrum,
· enhancing it at specific wavelengths to produce emission lines.
·
·
· 3.
· the whole spectrum will be reduced in intensity.
·
· 4.
· the cool gas will not affect the spectrum of the star because cool atoms
· cannot absorb light.
·
1 points
Question 2
· In the revolution that overtook physics around 1900, the assumption that Planck made in order to solve the problem concerning the spectrum of radiation emitted by a hot blackbody was that radiation was Answer
·
· 1.
· emitted in small, discrete packets or quanta of energy whose individual
· energies were inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light.
·
·
· 2.
· made up of small, discrete packets or quanta of energy whose individual
· energies were all the same, independent of wavelength.
·
·
· 3.
· emitted as continuous waves whose wavelength was inversely
· proportional to the temperature of the object.
·
·
· 4.
· emitted in small, discrete packets or quanta of energy, each quantum
· having an energy directly proportional to the wavelength of the light.
·
1 points
Question 3
· The element helium was first discovered and identified as a separate element Answer
·
· 1.
· inside meteorites that had come from outer space.
·
· 2.
· on the Sun, from the emitted spectrum from its upper atmosphere.
·
· 3.
· in rocks containing radioactively decaying elements such as uranium.
·
· 4.
· in natural gas originating underground, from the spectrum emitted
· from a flame of burning natural gas.
·
1 points
Question 4
· An atom in which one or more electrons has been removed is known as a(n) Answer
·
· 1.
· molecule.
·
· 2.
· excited atom.
·
· 3.
· isotope.
·
· 4.
· ion.
·
1 points
Question 5
· A particular spectrograph, used by an astronomer to disperse light into its colors, contains a piece of glass that has been ruled with thousands of closely spaced, parallel lines. What is the name of this piece of glass? Answer
·
· 1.
· CCD array
·
· 2.
· interferometer
·
· 3.
· diffraction grating
·
· 4.
· prism
·
1 points
Question 6
· To a physicist, a blackbody is defined as an object that Answer
·
· 1.
· reflects all radiation that falls on it, never heating up and always appearing black.
·
· 2.
· always emits the same spectrum of light, whatever its temperature.
·
· 3.
· absorbs all radiation that falls on it.
·
· 4.
· always appears to be black, whatever its temperature.
·
1 points
Question 7
· A piece of iron is heated from 400 K to 800 K (127°C to 527°C). The total energy emitted per second by this iron will increase by a factor of Answer
·
· 1.
· 296.5.
·
· 2.
· 4.
·
· 3.
· 2.
·
· 4.
· 16.
· ...
Question 1· If a tenth planet (tentatively predicted to exist.docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· If a tenth planet (tentatively predicted to exist on the basis of perturbations in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune) were to be discovered with a sidereal period of 200 years, what would be the radius of its orbit (assumed to be circular)? Answer
·
· 1.
· 34.2 AU
·
· 2.
· 342 AU
·
· 3.
· 200 AU
·
· 4.
· 2828 AU
·
1 points
Question 2
· The one significant observation Galileo made through his home-built telescope that convinced him that the planets revolved around the Sun was the Answer
·
· 1.
· discovery of rings around the planet Saturn.
·
· 2.
· appearance of mountains and craters on the Moon.
·
· 3.
· appearance of the Milky Way as a mass of individual stars.
·
· 4.
· appearance of Venus following a cycle of phases, from crescent through
· quarter and gibbous phases to full.
·
1 points
Question 3
· For the angular momentum of an object to be conserved (i.e., to not change), the Answer
·
· 1.
· object must not be acted on by an internal torque (caused, for example,
· by the muscles in a skater's arms).
·
·
· 2.
· speed of the object must not change.
·
· 3.
· size of the object must not change.
·
· 4.
· object must not be acted on by an outside torque.
·
1 points
Question 4
· Who predicted the existence of the planet Neptune before it was discovered observationally? Answer
·
· 1.
· Newton and Halley
·
· 2.
· Kepler and Brahe
·
· 3.
· Kepler and Galileo
·
· 4.
· Adams and Leverrier
·
1 points
Question 5
· The old story about the person who sneezed so hard that he fell off his barstool is an exaggerated illustration of which physical law? Answer
·
· 1.
· Newton's law of universal gravitation
·
· 2.
· law forbidding the partaking of alcohol during physical experiments
·
· 3.
· Newton's third law of equal and opposite forces of action and reaction
·
· 4.
· law of inertia, Newton's first law
·
1 points
Question 6
· If two massive bodies, initially held at rest in space, are released, then they will begin to Answer
·
· 1.
· move in elliptical orbits around one another.
·
· 2.
· move toward one another.
·
· 3.
· orbit one another in circles.
·
· 4.
· move away from each other with constant acceleration.
·
1 points
Question 7
· In the geocentric model for the solar system developed by Ptolemy, to what does the word epicycle refer? Answer
·
· 1.
· complete cycle of planetary motions after which the motions repeat
· themselves (almost) exactly
·
·
· 2.
· length of time from when the planet is farthest from the Earth to the
· next time it is farthest from the Earth
·
·
· 3.
· large circle (orbit) that carries the planet around the Earth while the
· planet itself is moving in a smaller circle
·
·
· 4.
· small circle about which a planet moves while the center of this circle
· moves around the Earth
·
1 points
Question 8
· In which part of the sky does Venus appear at sunset when it is at greatest elongation? Answer
·
· 1.
· eastern
·
· ...
Astronomy - Stat eof the Art - CosmologyChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the properties of the whole universe are covered, including Hubble expansion, the age and size, the big bang, and dark energy.
Astronomy - State of the Art - GalaxiesChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the properties of galaxies are discussed, including supermassive black holes and dark matter.
The document discusses several topics in physics including:
1) The stars of the Big Dipper constellation and their properties such as temperature, distance, and luminosity.
2) Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation E=mc2 and what it means that mass and energy are different forms of the same thing.
3) The twin paradox thought experiment and how the resolution is that one twin undergoing acceleration causes them to experience different frames of reference and amounts of aging.
4) Factors that could explain Fermi's paradox such as life being unsuitable for Earth conditions or advanced civilizations not existing yet.
The document summarizes key concepts in physics including:
1) It describes the makeup and patterns of stars in the Big Dipper constellation.
2) It then provides details on four individual stars - Megrez, Merak, Dubhe, and Pheceda - including their distances, temperatures, sizes, and other properties.
3) The document goes on to explain several important physics equations and concepts, such as Einstein's mass-energy equivalence formula, time dilation, and Newton's second law of motion.
The document discusses a conceptual test on astronomy and the Milky Way galaxy. It provides questions and answers about the location of the Galactic center, the location of the Sun in the Milky Way, and characteristics of the Milky Way such as it being a barred spiral galaxy.
1) The document provides a summary of a course on high-energy astrophysics that the author took. It discusses various topics covered in the course including accretion disks, pulsars, black holes, supernovae, and more.
2) The author argues that high-energy astrophysics is important for understanding the universe and requests that the provost offer a similar course at their university.
3) Key concepts in high-energy astrophysics discussed include accretion and its relation to luminosity, binary star systems, properties of neutron stars and black holes, and x-ray emissions from astrophysical phenomena like supernovae.
The document discusses several topics related to planetary formation and astronomy. It describes the proto-planet hypothesis which proposes that proto-planets formed from solar nebulae and broke into smaller concentrations. It also discusses the giant impact theory of lunar formation, which is currently the most widely accepted explanation that the Moon formed from a collision between Earth and a Mars-sized object. Additionally, it provides overviews of the Big Bang theory, cosmic microwave background radiation, redshift, black holes, and Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
This lecture discusses concepts in astrophysics and cosmology, including units to measure large distances like light years and parsecs. It describes scales in the universe from nearby stars to the most distant galaxies billions of light years away. The lecture covers how parallax is used to measure distances to stars, and how the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and spectra are used to determine properties of stars. It summarizes our current understanding of stellar evolution and introduces concepts like black holes, curved spacetime from general relativity, Hubble's Law showing the expanding universe, evidence for the Big Bang like the cosmic microwave background radiation, and possibilities for the ultimate fate of the universe.
Question 1· You can calculate a stars luminosity if you know .docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· You can calculate a star's luminosity if you know its brightness and
·
·
· size
·
·
· distance
·
·
· temperature
·
·
· velocity
·
·
· mass
·
2 points
Question 2
· A/an _______ star is a binary star in which the orbit plane of the two stars lies almost exactly in the line of sight of the observer.
·
·
· Apparent double star
·
·
· Eclipsing binary
·
·
· spectroscopic binary
·
·
· true binary
·
·
· visual binary
·
1 points
Question 3
· Two nearby stars that look like members of a binary star system but are not are called a(n)
·
·
· visual binary
·
·
· true binary
·
·
· Eclipsing binary
·
·
· spectroscopic binary
·
·
· Apparent double star
·
1 points
Question 4
· A map of the Sun’s magnetic field is called
·
·
· Solar seismology
·
·
· Magnetogram
·
·
· Dopplergram
·
·
· Magnetic resonance imaging
·
·
· None of the above
·
1 points
Question 5
· A(n) ______ is an explosion of hot gas located in the Sun's atmosphere.
·
·
· Aurora
·
·
· Coronal mass ejection
·
·
· Flare
·
·
· Prominence
·
·
· Sunspot
·
1 points
Question 6
· How many years a star spends in the main - sequence stage depends on its ________.
·
·
· Density
·
·
· Luminosity
·
·
· Mass
·
·
· Temperature
·
·
· Color
·
1 points
Question 7
· ____ form when red giants shed their outer layers.
·
·
· Supernovae
·
·
· Novae
·
·
· Black holes
·
·
· planetary nebulae
·
·
· Protostars
·
1 points
Question 8
· The pressure-temperature thermostat regulates a star's
·
·
· mass
·
·
· gravity
·
·
· size
·
·
· fusion rate
·
·
· rotation speed
·
2 points
Question 9
· When the mass of a white dwarf becomes less than the Chandrasekhar limit, it will collapse. True False
1 points
Question 10
· When mass is being transferred from a companion star, the spiral structure around the white dwarf from the mass falling into it is called a/an
·
·
· Accretion disk
·
·
· Light curve
·
·
· Roche lobe
·
·
· Supernova remnant
·
·
· Thermonuclear runaway
·
1 points
Question 11
· Cepheids can be detected further away than RR Lyrae stars. True False
1 points
Question 12
· _____ are extremely luminous and cause a burst of radiation that often briefly outshines an entire galaxy.
·
·
· Cepheid variables
·
·
· novae
·
·
· supernovae
·
·
· variable stars
·
·
· yellow giants
·
1 points
Question 13
· Which of these is a Type Ia Supernova?
·
·
· two stars colliding
·
·
· a red supergiant ejecting its outer layers
·
·
· a thermonuclear runaway on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary star system
·
·
· a massive star undergoing core collapse
·
·
· an explosion that destroys a white dwarf in a binary star system
·
2 points
Question 14
· Which of the following statement ...
The document discusses neutron stars and pulsars. It begins by outlining predictions about neutron stars, including their small radius of 10-80 km but large mass over 1.4 times the sun's mass. It then explains how conservation of angular momentum causes neutron stars to spin rapidly as the core collapses. The discovery of pulsars is summarized, including how their periodic emission can be explained by a rotating misaligned magnetic field. The document concludes by briefly introducing black holes and relating them to Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Electromagnetic spectrum in Astronomy.pptxmaryammaher2
This is a presentation about a graduation project. It's includes a short intro about electromagnetic spectrum and what is it in Astronomy, the Telescopes used to measure the Radiations coming from outer Space in every region of the EM spectrum.
1) The document outlines key concepts from Einstein's theory of special relativity including reference frames, the Michelson-Morley experiment, postulates of relativity, Lorentz transformations, length contraction and time dilation.
2) It discusses experimental evidence for concepts like time dilation from observations of muon decay lifetimes and provides equations for length contraction, time dilation, velocity addition and relativistic mass.
3) The twin paradox is introduced as a thought experiment exploring time dilation between twins where one takes a high speed journey into space and back while the other remains on Earth. Accelerations are identified as the resolution for why the traveling twin ages less.
The document is a chapter excerpt from an astronomy textbook about pulsars and black holes. It contains 8 multiple choice questions about pulsars, gamma ray bursters, Cygnus X-1, and properties of black holes such as the event horizon and what would happen if the sun was replaced by a black hole of the same mass.
Electromagnetic waves allow us to obtain information about astronomical objects like galaxies. Different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation provide different views of the universe. Redshift measurements of electromagnetic waves indicate how far away and long ago we are observing - more distant galaxies have higher redshifts, indicating earlier times in the universe.
Cosmology is the study of the origin and evolution of the universe. Observational evidence shows the universe is expanding, with more distant galaxies receding faster. The cosmological principle states the universe appears homogeneous and isotropic at large scales. Matter in the universe includes baryons like protons and neutrons, photons that make up radiation, neutrinos, and non-baryonic dark matter. The expansion of the universe is governed by Friedman equations involving the scale factor and density of the universe. Simple cosmological models can be constructed assuming the universe is filled with either pressureless matter or radiation.
The document provides information about astronomy and the study of stars and space. It begins with an introduction to the Big Bang theory, including that all matter was once condensed in a single point about 13.8 billion years ago. It then discusses evidence for the Big Bang, including the cosmic background radiation and composition of matter in the universe. The document also covers topics like the expansion of the universe, the electromagnetic spectrum, spectroscopy, and the Doppler effect. It provides summaries of the geocentric and heliocentric models of the universe, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and Newton's laws of gravity. Additional sections describe the structure of the sun, life cycles of stars, Earth's place in the universe, and properties of the
Pawan Kumar Relativistic jets in tidal disruption eventsBaurzhan Alzhanov
- Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are short, intense radio pulses that last about 1 millisecond. One FRB source produced multiple outbursts over several years.
- The leading model is that FRBs originate from young, highly magnetic neutron stars called magnetars. Charged particles are accelerated by magnetic reconnection, producing coherent curvature radiation observed as FRBs.
- FRBs provide insights into neutron star physics and energetic processes in magnetar magnetospheres. Predictions include observing FRB-like bursts at higher frequencies.
This document contains a 15-question pre-assessment for an introductory modern astronomy course. The questions cover topics ranging from the order of objects in the solar system by distance from Earth, to the properties of star spectra, to Kepler's laws of planetary motion, to the formation of the solar system and properties of planets such as Venus, Neptune, and the Moon. The assessment is designed to gauge students' existing knowledge on fundamental astronomy concepts before beginning the course.
Universe and the Solar System (Lesson 1).pptxJoenelRubino3
SHS Earth and Life Grade 11 Lesson 1. This lesson discusses the compos of the universe, the origin of the universe, different hypotheses of the origin of the universe
The universe is composed of ordinary visible matter (4%), dark matter (21%), and dark energy (75%). Dark matter's existence was postulated to explain gravitational forces, while dark energy causes the accelerated expansion of the universe. The Big Bang theory proposes that approximately 13.7 billion years ago, the universe began as a very dense, hot mass that exploded and expanded. Evidence for this includes the cosmic microwave background radiation and the formation of light elements. Galaxies formed over time and come in elliptical, spiral, and irregular shapes. Stars form from clouds of dust and gas through gravitational collapse and nuclear fusion.
1. The document provides notes on chapter 8 of a 6th grade science textbook about exploring space, including definitions of key terms like radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum.
2. It describes several astronomical objects like the Orion Nebula, Tadpole Galaxy, Sombrero Galaxy, and Crab Nebula.
3. Important figures that advanced astronomy through telescope inventions are mentioned, like Galileo Galilei, as well as concepts like adaptive optics and uses of radio telescopes.
As a way of experiencing the Humanities beyond your classroom, c.docxwraythallchan
As a way of experiencing the Humanities beyond your classroom, computer, and textbook, you are asked to attend a “cultural event” and report on your experience. This assignment requires the following:
Submit your cultural event choice to the instructor for approval before the end of Week 5.
Visit a museum or gallery exhibition of modern art before the end of Week 9.
Write a report of the visit.
Summarize the report in a PowerPoint presentation.
**Please be sure to use a gallery or museum from Columbia SC**
Write a three to four (3-4) page paper (750-1,000 words) in which you:
Identify the date visited, location, name, and background of the museum or specific exhibition. (If virtual, identify the Website along with the other information.)
Describe three (3) works, noting the artist, title, subject, and the time period of each work.
Compare the style, influences, and meaning or intent of each piece, highlighting any changes (if any) from the first to last piece.
Explain your reasons for selecting the pieces in a discussion of the reasons for the artist’s popularity and / or impact on the art world.
Summarize the main points of three (3) works discussed in your paper in a PowerPoint presentation of at least three (3) slides. Each of the slides should have three to four (3-4) short bullet points and notes about the works in the slide notes section. Include a cover page for the PowerPoint. Add the slides with notes to your paper.
Include four (4) references that help support your claims. (The text may be used as one (1) reference.)
Visiting a Museum
It makes sense to approach a museum the way a seasoned traveler approaches visiting a city for the first time. Find out what is available to see. In the museum, find out what sort of exhibitions are currently housed in the museum and start with the exhibits that interest you. If there is a travelling exhibition, it’s always a good idea to see it while you have the chance. Then, if you have time, you can look at other things in the museum.
Make notes as you go through the museum and accept any handouts or pamphlets that the museum provides free. While you should not quote anything from the printed material when you do your report, the handouts may help to refresh your memory later.
The quality of your experience is not measured by the amount of time you spend in the galleries or the number of works of art that you actually see. The most rewarding experiences can come from finding three (3) pieces of art or exhibits that intrigue you and then considering those works in leisurely contemplation. Most museums even have benches where you can sit and study a particular piece.
If you are having a difficult time deciding which pieces to write about, ask yourself these questions: (1) If the museum you are visiting suddenly caught fire, which three (3) pieces of art or exhibits would you most want to see saved from the fire? (2) Why would you choose those two (2) particular pieces?
.
As a social worker, you will meet children and adolescents who a.docxwraythallchan
As a social worker, you will meet children and adolescents who are in complicated family situations and may require a variety of resources for support. There are many times when these situations involve drug abuse, domestic violence, child abuse, and/or neglect. If these factors are present within a child’s or adolescent’s environment, it will impact their development. As mandated reporters, social workers are legally required to report any suspicion they have of child abuse or neglect to local authorities in an effort to ensure a healthier environment within which they can grow.
For this Discussion, review the case study “Working With Clients With Addictions: The Case of Barbara and Jonah.” Consider this week’s reading in the Learning Resources.
.
More Related Content
Similar to Question 1· The most accurate stellar parallax measurements f.docx
The document discusses several topics in physics including:
1) The stars of the Big Dipper constellation and their properties such as temperature, distance, and luminosity.
2) Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation E=mc2 and what it means that mass and energy are different forms of the same thing.
3) The twin paradox thought experiment and how the resolution is that one twin undergoing acceleration causes them to experience different frames of reference and amounts of aging.
4) Factors that could explain Fermi's paradox such as life being unsuitable for Earth conditions or advanced civilizations not existing yet.
The document summarizes key concepts in physics including:
1) It describes the makeup and patterns of stars in the Big Dipper constellation.
2) It then provides details on four individual stars - Megrez, Merak, Dubhe, and Pheceda - including their distances, temperatures, sizes, and other properties.
3) The document goes on to explain several important physics equations and concepts, such as Einstein's mass-energy equivalence formula, time dilation, and Newton's second law of motion.
The document discusses a conceptual test on astronomy and the Milky Way galaxy. It provides questions and answers about the location of the Galactic center, the location of the Sun in the Milky Way, and characteristics of the Milky Way such as it being a barred spiral galaxy.
1) The document provides a summary of a course on high-energy astrophysics that the author took. It discusses various topics covered in the course including accretion disks, pulsars, black holes, supernovae, and more.
2) The author argues that high-energy astrophysics is important for understanding the universe and requests that the provost offer a similar course at their university.
3) Key concepts in high-energy astrophysics discussed include accretion and its relation to luminosity, binary star systems, properties of neutron stars and black holes, and x-ray emissions from astrophysical phenomena like supernovae.
The document discusses several topics related to planetary formation and astronomy. It describes the proto-planet hypothesis which proposes that proto-planets formed from solar nebulae and broke into smaller concentrations. It also discusses the giant impact theory of lunar formation, which is currently the most widely accepted explanation that the Moon formed from a collision between Earth and a Mars-sized object. Additionally, it provides overviews of the Big Bang theory, cosmic microwave background radiation, redshift, black holes, and Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
This lecture discusses concepts in astrophysics and cosmology, including units to measure large distances like light years and parsecs. It describes scales in the universe from nearby stars to the most distant galaxies billions of light years away. The lecture covers how parallax is used to measure distances to stars, and how the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and spectra are used to determine properties of stars. It summarizes our current understanding of stellar evolution and introduces concepts like black holes, curved spacetime from general relativity, Hubble's Law showing the expanding universe, evidence for the Big Bang like the cosmic microwave background radiation, and possibilities for the ultimate fate of the universe.
Question 1· You can calculate a stars luminosity if you know .docxwraythallchan
Question 1
· You can calculate a star's luminosity if you know its brightness and
·
·
· size
·
·
· distance
·
·
· temperature
·
·
· velocity
·
·
· mass
·
2 points
Question 2
· A/an _______ star is a binary star in which the orbit plane of the two stars lies almost exactly in the line of sight of the observer.
·
·
· Apparent double star
·
·
· Eclipsing binary
·
·
· spectroscopic binary
·
·
· true binary
·
·
· visual binary
·
1 points
Question 3
· Two nearby stars that look like members of a binary star system but are not are called a(n)
·
·
· visual binary
·
·
· true binary
·
·
· Eclipsing binary
·
·
· spectroscopic binary
·
·
· Apparent double star
·
1 points
Question 4
· A map of the Sun’s magnetic field is called
·
·
· Solar seismology
·
·
· Magnetogram
·
·
· Dopplergram
·
·
· Magnetic resonance imaging
·
·
· None of the above
·
1 points
Question 5
· A(n) ______ is an explosion of hot gas located in the Sun's atmosphere.
·
·
· Aurora
·
·
· Coronal mass ejection
·
·
· Flare
·
·
· Prominence
·
·
· Sunspot
·
1 points
Question 6
· How many years a star spends in the main - sequence stage depends on its ________.
·
·
· Density
·
·
· Luminosity
·
·
· Mass
·
·
· Temperature
·
·
· Color
·
1 points
Question 7
· ____ form when red giants shed their outer layers.
·
·
· Supernovae
·
·
· Novae
·
·
· Black holes
·
·
· planetary nebulae
·
·
· Protostars
·
1 points
Question 8
· The pressure-temperature thermostat regulates a star's
·
·
· mass
·
·
· gravity
·
·
· size
·
·
· fusion rate
·
·
· rotation speed
·
2 points
Question 9
· When the mass of a white dwarf becomes less than the Chandrasekhar limit, it will collapse. True False
1 points
Question 10
· When mass is being transferred from a companion star, the spiral structure around the white dwarf from the mass falling into it is called a/an
·
·
· Accretion disk
·
·
· Light curve
·
·
· Roche lobe
·
·
· Supernova remnant
·
·
· Thermonuclear runaway
·
1 points
Question 11
· Cepheids can be detected further away than RR Lyrae stars. True False
1 points
Question 12
· _____ are extremely luminous and cause a burst of radiation that often briefly outshines an entire galaxy.
·
·
· Cepheid variables
·
·
· novae
·
·
· supernovae
·
·
· variable stars
·
·
· yellow giants
·
1 points
Question 13
· Which of these is a Type Ia Supernova?
·
·
· two stars colliding
·
·
· a red supergiant ejecting its outer layers
·
·
· a thermonuclear runaway on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary star system
·
·
· a massive star undergoing core collapse
·
·
· an explosion that destroys a white dwarf in a binary star system
·
2 points
Question 14
· Which of the following statement ...
The document discusses neutron stars and pulsars. It begins by outlining predictions about neutron stars, including their small radius of 10-80 km but large mass over 1.4 times the sun's mass. It then explains how conservation of angular momentum causes neutron stars to spin rapidly as the core collapses. The discovery of pulsars is summarized, including how their periodic emission can be explained by a rotating misaligned magnetic field. The document concludes by briefly introducing black holes and relating them to Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Electromagnetic spectrum in Astronomy.pptxmaryammaher2
This is a presentation about a graduation project. It's includes a short intro about electromagnetic spectrum and what is it in Astronomy, the Telescopes used to measure the Radiations coming from outer Space in every region of the EM spectrum.
1) The document outlines key concepts from Einstein's theory of special relativity including reference frames, the Michelson-Morley experiment, postulates of relativity, Lorentz transformations, length contraction and time dilation.
2) It discusses experimental evidence for concepts like time dilation from observations of muon decay lifetimes and provides equations for length contraction, time dilation, velocity addition and relativistic mass.
3) The twin paradox is introduced as a thought experiment exploring time dilation between twins where one takes a high speed journey into space and back while the other remains on Earth. Accelerations are identified as the resolution for why the traveling twin ages less.
The document is a chapter excerpt from an astronomy textbook about pulsars and black holes. It contains 8 multiple choice questions about pulsars, gamma ray bursters, Cygnus X-1, and properties of black holes such as the event horizon and what would happen if the sun was replaced by a black hole of the same mass.
Electromagnetic waves allow us to obtain information about astronomical objects like galaxies. Different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation provide different views of the universe. Redshift measurements of electromagnetic waves indicate how far away and long ago we are observing - more distant galaxies have higher redshifts, indicating earlier times in the universe.
Cosmology is the study of the origin and evolution of the universe. Observational evidence shows the universe is expanding, with more distant galaxies receding faster. The cosmological principle states the universe appears homogeneous and isotropic at large scales. Matter in the universe includes baryons like protons and neutrons, photons that make up radiation, neutrinos, and non-baryonic dark matter. The expansion of the universe is governed by Friedman equations involving the scale factor and density of the universe. Simple cosmological models can be constructed assuming the universe is filled with either pressureless matter or radiation.
The document provides information about astronomy and the study of stars and space. It begins with an introduction to the Big Bang theory, including that all matter was once condensed in a single point about 13.8 billion years ago. It then discusses evidence for the Big Bang, including the cosmic background radiation and composition of matter in the universe. The document also covers topics like the expansion of the universe, the electromagnetic spectrum, spectroscopy, and the Doppler effect. It provides summaries of the geocentric and heliocentric models of the universe, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and Newton's laws of gravity. Additional sections describe the structure of the sun, life cycles of stars, Earth's place in the universe, and properties of the
Pawan Kumar Relativistic jets in tidal disruption eventsBaurzhan Alzhanov
- Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are short, intense radio pulses that last about 1 millisecond. One FRB source produced multiple outbursts over several years.
- The leading model is that FRBs originate from young, highly magnetic neutron stars called magnetars. Charged particles are accelerated by magnetic reconnection, producing coherent curvature radiation observed as FRBs.
- FRBs provide insights into neutron star physics and energetic processes in magnetar magnetospheres. Predictions include observing FRB-like bursts at higher frequencies.
This document contains a 15-question pre-assessment for an introductory modern astronomy course. The questions cover topics ranging from the order of objects in the solar system by distance from Earth, to the properties of star spectra, to Kepler's laws of planetary motion, to the formation of the solar system and properties of planets such as Venus, Neptune, and the Moon. The assessment is designed to gauge students' existing knowledge on fundamental astronomy concepts before beginning the course.
Universe and the Solar System (Lesson 1).pptxJoenelRubino3
SHS Earth and Life Grade 11 Lesson 1. This lesson discusses the compos of the universe, the origin of the universe, different hypotheses of the origin of the universe
The universe is composed of ordinary visible matter (4%), dark matter (21%), and dark energy (75%). Dark matter's existence was postulated to explain gravitational forces, while dark energy causes the accelerated expansion of the universe. The Big Bang theory proposes that approximately 13.7 billion years ago, the universe began as a very dense, hot mass that exploded and expanded. Evidence for this includes the cosmic microwave background radiation and the formation of light elements. Galaxies formed over time and come in elliptical, spiral, and irregular shapes. Stars form from clouds of dust and gas through gravitational collapse and nuclear fusion.
1. The document provides notes on chapter 8 of a 6th grade science textbook about exploring space, including definitions of key terms like radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum.
2. It describes several astronomical objects like the Orion Nebula, Tadpole Galaxy, Sombrero Galaxy, and Crab Nebula.
3. Important figures that advanced astronomy through telescope inventions are mentioned, like Galileo Galilei, as well as concepts like adaptive optics and uses of radio telescopes.
Similar to Question 1· The most accurate stellar parallax measurements f.docx (20)
As a way of experiencing the Humanities beyond your classroom, c.docxwraythallchan
As a way of experiencing the Humanities beyond your classroom, computer, and textbook, you are asked to attend a “cultural event” and report on your experience. This assignment requires the following:
Submit your cultural event choice to the instructor for approval before the end of Week 5.
Visit a museum or gallery exhibition of modern art before the end of Week 9.
Write a report of the visit.
Summarize the report in a PowerPoint presentation.
**Please be sure to use a gallery or museum from Columbia SC**
Write a three to four (3-4) page paper (750-1,000 words) in which you:
Identify the date visited, location, name, and background of the museum or specific exhibition. (If virtual, identify the Website along with the other information.)
Describe three (3) works, noting the artist, title, subject, and the time period of each work.
Compare the style, influences, and meaning or intent of each piece, highlighting any changes (if any) from the first to last piece.
Explain your reasons for selecting the pieces in a discussion of the reasons for the artist’s popularity and / or impact on the art world.
Summarize the main points of three (3) works discussed in your paper in a PowerPoint presentation of at least three (3) slides. Each of the slides should have three to four (3-4) short bullet points and notes about the works in the slide notes section. Include a cover page for the PowerPoint. Add the slides with notes to your paper.
Include four (4) references that help support your claims. (The text may be used as one (1) reference.)
Visiting a Museum
It makes sense to approach a museum the way a seasoned traveler approaches visiting a city for the first time. Find out what is available to see. In the museum, find out what sort of exhibitions are currently housed in the museum and start with the exhibits that interest you. If there is a travelling exhibition, it’s always a good idea to see it while you have the chance. Then, if you have time, you can look at other things in the museum.
Make notes as you go through the museum and accept any handouts or pamphlets that the museum provides free. While you should not quote anything from the printed material when you do your report, the handouts may help to refresh your memory later.
The quality of your experience is not measured by the amount of time you spend in the galleries or the number of works of art that you actually see. The most rewarding experiences can come from finding three (3) pieces of art or exhibits that intrigue you and then considering those works in leisurely contemplation. Most museums even have benches where you can sit and study a particular piece.
If you are having a difficult time deciding which pieces to write about, ask yourself these questions: (1) If the museum you are visiting suddenly caught fire, which three (3) pieces of art or exhibits would you most want to see saved from the fire? (2) Why would you choose those two (2) particular pieces?
.
As a social worker, you will meet children and adolescents who a.docxwraythallchan
As a social worker, you will meet children and adolescents who are in complicated family situations and may require a variety of resources for support. There are many times when these situations involve drug abuse, domestic violence, child abuse, and/or neglect. If these factors are present within a child’s or adolescent’s environment, it will impact their development. As mandated reporters, social workers are legally required to report any suspicion they have of child abuse or neglect to local authorities in an effort to ensure a healthier environment within which they can grow.
For this Discussion, review the case study “Working With Clients With Addictions: The Case of Barbara and Jonah.” Consider this week’s reading in the Learning Resources.
.
as buying or selling stocks of businesses using information that.docxwraythallchan
as buying or selling stocks of businesses using information that comes from an
inside
person and is not known to the public. The buyer or seller may have information that would dramatically impact the price of stocks.
Respond to the following:
Using the idea/theory of insider trading, what other benefits can be gained from using private information before others have access to that same information?
.
As discussed, science and technology are not mutually exclusive .docxwraythallchan
As discussed, science and technology are not mutually exclusive but certain aspects are intertwined and one can and often does drive the advancement of the other. Robotics for example began as science fiction and has evolved into a reality because of advances in both science and technology. Recently the emergence of Soft Robotics has melded the two into an almost indistinguishable area of study. One where both technology and science play an integral role.
Various sciences have had significant impact on the advancements of soft robotics. More specifically materials science, biology and physics (continuum mechanics). Nearly every field of engineering plays a role in the technological advancement of soft robotics. Mechanical engineering, electrical and electronic engineering and fluid dynamics are just to name a few areas that without their application of technological advances in-of-themselves we soft robotics would not be where it is today.
The word Robot comes from the Slavic root word “rabota (Работа)” meaning to work. It first appeared in a Czech play in the 1920’s and was further developed into other works of science fiction. Human beings have forever been fascinated by the fine line between Science Fiction and Science Fact. We have used science fiction to catapult our imaginations into a tangible reality. Our desire to reach further and further into space has also sped up the evolution of soft robotics as seen in new space suits under development and the exploration of our nearby planets. The data collection that these robots will provide to further scientific research here on earth will prove to be invaluable in the future. Further employment of soft robotics in existing industries would create the supply and demand effect needed to fund further research and development.
References:
Rus, Daniela and Michael T. Tolley. “Design, Fabrication and Control of Soft Robots.” Nature 521, no. 7553 (May 27, 2015): 467–475.
Hines, Lindsey; Petersen, Kirstin; Lum, Guo Zhan; Sitti, Metin (2017). "Soft Actuators for Small-Scale Robotics". Advanced Materials.
Mather, P. T.; Qin, H.; Liu, C. (2007-04-10). "Review of progress in shape-memory polymers". Journal of Materials Chemistry. 17 (16): 1543–1558.
.
As an entrepreneur or business person who is responsible for making .docxwraythallchan
As an entrepreneur or business person who is responsible for making decisions that impact your organization both internally and externally, describe how you make decisions when they conflict with your personal ethics and instincts? What personal values and ethical standards do you consider most important when making decisions? Provide an example that you have experienced or observed that supports the idea of trusting your intuition and ethical beliefs.
.
As an epic journey to Hell and back, The Inferno clearly traces .docxwraythallchan
As an epic journey to Hell and back,
The Inferno
clearly traces its ancestry, in part, to
The Aeneid
. As an "autobiographical" record of a spiritual struggle, it also has equally obvious roots in Augustine's
Confessions
. We come to this book, then, uniquely well-versed in its literary antecedents. Where do you see the influence of
The Aeneid
in Dante's poem? Of
Confessions
?
- At least 500 words
- use MLA style
.
As a Registered Nurse since 1998, I have seen many changes among.docxwraythallchan
As a Registered Nurse since 1998, I have seen many changes among patient populations. They are getting older, sicker, and resistant pathogens have become more common, extensive, and profound. Not just restricted to heavy use of antibiotics, but environmental pollution with extensive biocides and heavy metals also created resistant pathogens (Singer, 2019).
Environmental pollution poses many dangers to human health, which my potential future role as a nurse practitioner (NP) would serve to research trends, educate, and treat public maladies. Healthcare has become more technological and economically challenging, with the unfortunate complication of making primary care too expensive and unobtainable among populations, including the working poor and working middle class. Medications have become very complex; life-sustaining drugs are subsequently exorbitantly expensive. For example, insulin underuse leading to serious disease complications was one in four, especially in urban areas due to lack of affordability (Bhatia, Chang, & Bilal, 2019). Human populations with such profound needs, including issues with resistant organisms, can be potentially met as an Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse (GPCN) with research, education, and affordable medical management
;
credentialing is essential to get issues across for underserved and ignored populations. Walden University School of Nursing (SON) integrates the nursing process with cost-effective treatment strategies (2019a).
Networking and accessing resources are essential for the GPCN role. This personal mission and vision are in alliance with Walden University’s goal and values, including student-centeredness, quality, and integrity; such opportunities would enable me to achieve such credentialing as GPCN, providing convenient educational opportunities accommodating my work schedule (Walden University, 2019). Walden University further enriches the spirit of evidence-based research, discovery, and critical thinking, effecting social changes improving living conditions for individuals, communities, and society (2019). Walden University’s SON has similar objectives, lending opportunities for specialist nurse practice enabling social change (2019a). As a GPCN, we are professionals that utilize the nursing process integrating assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementing, and evaluation of healthcare strategies enabling access to healthcare to even the socioeconomic disadvantaged (Walden University, 2019a). For example, there are approximately 12 million undocumented immigrants (Beck, Le, Henry-Ikafor, & Shah, 2019). Consider the spread of tuberculosis among the impoverished, being a disease of poverty, the undocumented encounter barriers such as fear of deportation and cost in which the GPCN can bring access to these populations, thereby preventing the spread of disease, and delivering treatment to the afflicted by fostering trust
(
Beck et al., 2019). Making medical access more affordable for unders.
As a social worker, you will often work with clients that are percei.docxwraythallchan
As a social worker, you will often work with clients that are perceived as "others." This "otherness" often leads to marginalization and barriers or limitations promoted by society and social institutions. Marginalization is arguably the most dangerous form of oppression (Adams et al., 2013) because it eventually leads to social expulsion and material deprivation. Social work is a unique profession because it empowers those who are affected by the socially constructed barriers and biases that have perpetuated long-standing inequalities. As you begin your work with clients both as an intern and social worker, it is imperative to consider not only the individual (micro) concerns the client brings to the session but the
environmental
or
macro
factors that may have either created or perpetuated the concern. You can empower your clients by helping them identify and define the oppression they experienced throughout their lifetime. Social work's commitment to social justice includes a hyperawareness of the social constructions that are used to limit some groups' autonomy and viability while supporting others.
By Day 3
Post
an analysis of the dimensions of oppression and marginalization that might impact your future clients. Be specific in identifying the types of clients with whom you might work and provide a specific example of a social injustice, economic injustice, and environmental injustice that clients might experience. In your analysis, explain how the concepts of multiculturalism, power, and privilege are relevant to social work practice.
.
As a social worker, you will meet children and adolescents who are i.docxwraythallchan
As a social worker, you will meet children and adolescents who are in complicated family situations and may require a variety of resources for support. There are many times when these situations involve drug abuse, domestic violence, child abuse, and/or neglect. If these factors are present within a child’s or adolescent’s environment, it will impact their development. As mandated reporters, social workers are legally required to report any suspicion they have of child abuse or neglect to local authorities in an effort to ensure a healthier environment within which they can grow.
For this Discussion, review the case study “Working With Clients With Addictions: The Case of Barbara and Jonah.” Consider this week’s reading in the Learning Resources.
By Day 3
Post
an explanation of influences of Barbara's and Scott’s substance use on Jonah’s future development. Describe an intervention that you would use for Jonah if you were the social worker in this case. Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.
Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen S. M. (Eds.). (2014).
Social work case studies: Foundation year
. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].
Working With Clients With Addictions: The Case of Barbara and Jonah
.
As an entrepreneur, you likely have the objective that one day y.docxwraythallchan
As a business owner, your ability to directly supervise employees decreases as the company grows. This gives employees more independence but also increases the risk of negligence since you cannot monitor them as closely. The legal principle of respondeat superior means employers can be held liable for negligent acts committed by employees on the job. To minimize this liability risk, businesses need plans to reduce negligence even when supervision is remote.
As an astute social worker and professional policy advocate, once yo.docxwraythallchan
As an astute social worker and professional policy advocate, once you have selected and identified a social problem, you begin the process of creating and implementing a policy that addresses that social problem. One of the first things you do in the implementation process is an analysis of the social policy you identified.
In Part 3 of your ongoing Wiki assignment, your group analyzes the selected social policy.
.
As a newly appointed network administrator, you have been reques.docxwraythallchan
As a newly appointed network administrator, you have been requested to provide a presentation that will be shown to all employees to stress the importance of securing the organization's data against external threats.
Using the library, the Internet, and other materials, prepare a PowerPoint presentation that outlines the following items:
Slide 1:
Title slide
Slide 2:
Presentation overview
Slides 3–4
:
Identify and outline the function of digital certificates.
Slides 5–6
:
Explain the concepts of encrypting data and securing e-mail transmissions.
Slides 7–8
:
Explain what is meant by
social engineering
and the methods that must be taken to secure against these types of attempted attacks.
Slides 9–10
:
References
.
As a Planning Associate, you have been asked to develop a plan t.docxwraythallchan
As a Planning Associate, you have been asked to develop a plan to reduce crime in your community. This two-page plan should discuss some of the more common or frequent crimes in your area. Use at least two sources. Your plan should address the following:
The root cause of the issue
Stakeholders
Outreach
Community involvement
Social capital, and
Recommended resolution technique
Community crimes: Car break-ins, home break-ins
.
As a profession, police are unique in the amount of power they c.docxwraythallchan
As a profession, police are unique in the amount of power they can exercise with the general population. Because of this position of power and trust, police also have great need for training and understanding related to cultural sensitivity and awareness. They deal with populations across the community, and although there has been a recent focus on hiring criminal justice professionals that are representative of the populations they serve on the job, no one officer or group can be representative of all community members. This is where leadership related to police–community relations and cultural sensitivity can bridge the gaps and facilitate awareness.
Consider the following scenario: You have been hired as the chief of police in a community where there are strained police–community relations due to several instances of cultural insensitivity. In addition, police department morale is low due to complaints regarding cultural insensitivity among the police officers.
The Assignment
Create a 4- to 5-page professional report in which you outline a plan to a) improve police–community relations and b) address the morale and cultural insensitivity issues in the police force.
Part I:
Explain two specific steps or programs that you would implement to improve police–community relations. Be specific, and provide evidence from the literature to support your choice of these steps or programs. (2–3 pages)
Part II:
Explain two steps or programs that you would implement within the police force to address morale and cultural insensitivity. Be specific and provide evidence from the literature to support your choice of these steps or programs. (2–3 pages)
Provide at least three scholarly resources to support your recommendations.
.
As a health care manager, you will have many opportunities to presen.docxwraythallchan
As a health care manager, you will have many opportunities to present data to various stakeholders in your organization. Understanding how to communicate this information effectively is a key skill for a manager.
Evaluation Title: Data Presentation
Collect data for any health care related topic.
You may use the CDC databases or other reliable sources.
Be sure to cite the source of your data.
Prepare a PowerPoint presentation to share the data with an audience of your choice.
Include an introduction slide, summarizing the data collected, and who your audience is. This information is for your instructor to use as a background when assessing your presentation.
Illustrate your data using two different display methods (graph, pie chart, etc.)
As part of your presentation (included in speaker’s notes) explain to your audience which display method best represents the message behind the data presented.
Include speaker’s notes, recorded audio, or a separate transcript of the presentation speech. For assistance with speaker notes or recording audio, utilize the following links:
Microsoft Support. (2018).
Add speaker notes to a slide (Links to an external site.)
[Website].
Microsoft Support. (2018).
Record a slide show with narration and slide timings (Links to an external site.)
[Website].
Include references (minimum of two) on a final slide in APA format
.
As a fresh research intern, you are a part of the hypothetical Nat.docxwraythallchan
As a new research intern for the National Anthrax Eradication Program, the individual must present a detailed summary of anthrax including: what organism causes the disease and how; the four locations anthrax infections can occur and why; scientific prevention and cure methods tried in the past decade; and why anthrax is a potent bioterrorism weapon due to its characteristics. The summary must cite sources and provide references in APA format.
As a manager, discuss how you would use or have used the concepts .docxwraythallchan
Cost-volume-profit analysis (CVP) is a tool that breaks down the relationship between costs, production volume, and profits. It is useful for planning and decision making. Variable costing focuses on costs that vary with production volume like materials and labor. It provides information on costs per unit and contribution margins. Managers can use CVP and variable costing together to determine break-even points, decide whether to expand or reduce production, and evaluate options like purchasing vs manufacturing products. The analyses rely on assumptions like fixed and variable costs being accurately classified.
As a healthcare professional, you will be working closely with o.docxwraythallchan
As a healthcare professional, you will be working closely with other health care professionals. The best way to create a positive patient experience is to be able to understand the role that each healthcare professional plays in the care of a patient. For this assignment, select two of the following allied health professions (physician, dentist, pharmacist, nurses, advance practice nurse, or health services administrator) and take a deeper look into their specific functions and contributions to health care.
In a paper of 750-1,000 words please discuss the following:
What is their function/medical training?
In what type of setting can each profession be found traditionally? Is this changing today?
Discuss how the expanding roles of allied health in health care delivery have affected each profession.
How has the health care workforce shortage affected each profession?
Provide a minimum of two references.
.
As a DNP-prepared nurse, you will likely encounter many different me.docxwraythallchan
As a DNP-prepared nurse, you will likely encounter many different methods of disseminating the findings and implications of an evidence-based project. Each method has unique benefits. As discussed in this course, oral presentations can be an effective medium for delivering the findings of DNP projects.
For this Discussion, consider what makes an oral presentation effective. How might presentation approaches vary for an academic presentation versus a practice-based presentation?
To prepare:
Review various forms of disseminating the findings of an evidence-based project, as well as strategies for delivering effective presentations in this week’s Learning Resources.
If applicable, reflect on your experiences practicing with colleagues in a small group and presenting in other professional or academic situations. Conduct additional research as necessary to enhance your awareness of what makes a presentation most effective.
Consider how the needs or dispositions of the intended audience may inform your presentation
PLEASE ANSWER TO THE QUESTIONS
Share two or more insights related to presentation approaches and explain how this information may be used to promote the delivery of an effective DNP Project presentation. Be sure to note any considerations related to the intended audience that are important.
.
As a DNP, you will be interacting with individual who have acute.docxwraythallchan
As a DNP, you will be interacting with individual who have acute, chronic or acute on chronic disease process. For this case study, research a disease process that can either be controlled by mobile application and/or through the use of a telehealth program.
1. Discuss the technology you choose to use to research to manage the disease process.
2. Also address how your role as a DNP can be used to monitor and serve a population through a mobile application and/or a telehealth program.
3.Include how you would protect the patient health information when using these technologies
.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Question 1· The most accurate stellar parallax measurements f.docx
1. Question 1
· The most accurate stellar parallax measurements for
distances to the majority of stars in our neighborhood of the
universe have been made by Answer
·
· 1.
· the Hubble Space Telescope.
·
· 2.
· the Hipparchos satellite.
·
· 3.
· the Very Long Baseline Array of radio telescopes.
·
· 4.
· Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, in 1838; no measurements since
then have matched the
· precision of his measurements.
·
2 points
Question 2
· At what time did the universe cool to a temperature of
about 3 K? Answer
·
· 1.
· end of the inflationary era
·
· 2.
· end of the Planck time
·
· 3.
· very recently
·
· 4.
2. · era of recombination
·
2 points
Question 3
· The present estimate for the Hubble constant is H0 = 71 ±
4 km/s / Mpc. Suppose a galaxy is observed at 3 million
parsecs. If the Hubble law is used to determine its recessional
velocity, what will be the uncertainty? Answer
·
· 1.
· ±225 km/sec
·
· 2.
· ±12 km/sec
·
· 3.
· ±201 km/sec
·
· 4.
· ±284 km/sec
·
2 points
Question 4
· Even though cosmic microwave background photons
outnumber hydrogen atoms by about 1 billion to 1 in the
universe, the universe is still considered to be matter-dominated
because the Answer
·
· 1.
· photons, while collectively carrying a large amount of energy,
do not carry an
· equivalent amount of momentum and hence play little role in
collisions with matter.
·
·
· 2.
3. · photons have no rest mass and hence can generate no gravity.
·
· 3.
· nature of the photons is such that they interact with nothing as
they pass through
· the universe.
·
·
· 4.
· photon energies are extremely small.
·
2 points
Question 5
· The cosmological redshift of the light from very distant
galaxies is caused by the Answer
·
· 1.
· expansion of space, stretching the photon's wavelength while
the photon is traveling
· toward Earth.
·
·
· 2.
· absorption of blue light by interstellar dust between the Earth
and the galaxy so that
· only the red wavelengths reach the Earth.
·
·
· 3.
· Doppler shift, in which the photon's wavelength is stretched
by the galaxy's motion
· through space, away from Earth, while the photon is being
emitted.
·
·
· 4.
4. · rotation of the universe around its center (faster at greater
distances from Earth).
·
2 points
Question 6
· A supercluster of galaxies is a Answer
·
· 1.
· cluster of galaxy clusters.
·
· 2.
· cluster of galaxies that is spread out over a larger than normal
volume of space.
·
· 3.
· cluster of galaxies that is packed much more densely than
normal clusters, giving
· it a higher mass.
·
·
· 4.
· phrase describing all the galaxies in the universe as a single
system.
·
2 points
Question 7
· Why would intelligent alien beings wanting to
communicate with us probably choose the 21-cm atomic
hydrogen radio wavelength? Answer
·
· 1.
· This radiation at this particular wavelength is very weak from
natural sources in space,
· and messages would be easily distinguished from other
sources.
·
5. ·
· 2.
· This wavelength shows a very strong Doppler effect when its
source is moving, and
· intelligent alien beings would know that we would be able to
detect the orbital motion
· of their home planet around their star by this method.
·
·
· 3.
· Intelligent alien beings would have detected this particular
wavelength from our
· transmitters on Earth since it is used extensively for satellite
communications,
· and they would know that we could detect them easily.
·
·
· 4.
· Intelligent alien beings would expect that many of our
telescopes would already
· be tuned to this precise wavelength for scientific work.
·
2 points
Question 8
· Which nuclear fusion cycle is the next one to begin after
helium fusion ends in a massive star? Answer
·
· 1.
· carbon fusion
·
· 2.
· silicon fusion
·
· 3.
· iron fusion
·
6. · 4.
· oxygen fusion
·
2 points
Question 9
· The first 10–43 s of the age of the universe, during which
all four fundamental forces were united, is called
the Answer
·
· 1.
· Hubble time.
·
· 2.
· Planck era.
·
· 3.
· inflationary era.
·
· 4.
· event horizon.
·
2 points
Question 10
· Doppler measurements of the motions of stars in nearby
spiral and barred galaxies indicate that Answer
·
· 1.
· in most spiral and barred galaxies, the arms lead the rotation
of the nucleus; that is,
· the arms spin faster than the nucleus.
·
·
· 2.
· in most spiral and barred galaxies, the arms trail behind the
rotating nucleus.
·
7. · 3.
· in most spiral and barred galaxies, the arms rotate ahead of the
nucleus; i.e., spiral
· and barred galaxies are mostly leading-arm galaxies.
·
·
· 4.
· about half of all galaxies have trailing arms—the stars rotate
slower than the
· nucleus—while in the other half, the arms rotate ahead of the
nucleus.
·
2 points
Question 11
· Why is it that we will not see fluctuations in light output
in times shorter than about 1 day when we observe an
extragalactic source whose diameter is about 1 light-day?
Answer
·
· 1.
· Arrival times will be different from different parts of the
source, which will smooth
· out short-term fluctuations.
·
·
· 2.
· The light from different parts of the source will be Doppler-
shifted by different
· amounts, allowing us to see only an average shift.
·
·
· 3.
· Absorption of light by intergalactic matter will smooth out
rapid fluctuations
· within the beam.
·
8. ·
· 4.
· It is inconceivable that a source of this size could vary on
such short time scales.
·
2 points
Question 12
· What is the Hubble classification for a spiral galaxy with a
large nuclear region and tightly wound arms? Answer
·
· 1.
· Sc
·
· 2.
· SBc
·
· 3.
· Sb
·
· 4.
· Sa
·
2 points
Question 13
· The spectrum of an ordinary main-sequence star is a
Answer
·
· 1.
· smooth continuum of color, peaking at a specific wavelength
whose position
· depends on the star's surface temperature.
·
·
· 2.
· continuum of colors crossed by dark absorption lines caused
by absorption by
9. · cooler atoms and molecules at the star's surface.
·
·
· 3.
· continuum of colors, crossed by brighter lines caused by
emission from the hot
· atoms and molecules on the star's surface.
·
·
· 4.
· series of emission lines, mostly from hydrogen, the major
constituent of stellar
· surfaces, that occasionally overlap to produce sections of
continous color.
·
2 points
Question 14
· The forces of gravity and electromagnetism are long-range
forces, extending in principle from their source (mass and
electric charge, respectively) to infinity. Why is it that, in the
universe, only gravity extends to infinity, whereas
electromagnetic forces are much more limited in extent?
Answer
·
· 1.
· Gravity and electromagnetism are one and the same force,
with electromagnetic
· effects extending over limited spatial ranges and transforming
into gravitational
· forces at large distances from matter.
·
·
· 2.
· Electromagnetic forces from positive charges are canceled by
negative charges,
· whereas there are no negative “masses” to cancel the
10. gravitational force.
·
·
· 3.
· All atoms are electrically neutral, so in reality the
electromagnetic force never
· reaches beyond the size of an atomic nucleus.
·
·
· 4.
· Electromagnetic forces from charged particles will move other
charged particles
· around to produce a uniform charge distribution and therefore
zero electromagnetic
· forces, whereas gravity concentrates mass and enhances the
overall gravity force.
·
2 points
Question 15
· Measurements suggest that light first arrived at Earth from
the Cassiopeia A supernova about 300 years ago and that this
supernova is about 10,000 ly distant from Earth. When did the
explosion actually occur? Answer
·
· 1.
· It is not possible to determine when the explosion occurred
from the information given.
·
· 2.
· 300 years ago, or about A.D. 1700.
·
· 3.
· 9700 years ago, or about 7700 B.C.
·
· 4.
· 10,300 years ago, or about 8300 B.C.
11. ·
2 points
Question 16
· Astronomy with a radio telescope was initiated by
Answer
·
· 1.
· an amateur astronomer, Grote Reber, after Jansky had detected
radio energy from
· the galaxy.
·
·
· 2.
· the British Broadcasting Corporation in England.
·
· 3.
· the National Radio Astronomical Observatories of the United
States, with the
· support of the National Science Foundation and the American
Astronomical Society.
·
·
· 4.
· Marconi in Europe.
·
2 points
Question 17
· The Milky Way is an example of which type of galaxy?
Answer
·
· 1.
· elliptical
·
· 2.
· spiral
·
12. · 3.
· irregular
·
· 4.
· lenticular, S0 type
·
2 points
Question 18
· Objects with masses between 13 and 75 times the mass of
Jupiter do not fuse hydrogen but do fuse deuterium and lithium
into helium. What do we call such objects? Answer
·
· 1.
· extrasolar planets
·
· 2.
· sub-brown dwarfs
·
· 3.
· red dwarfs
·
· 4.
· brown dwarfs
·
2 points
Question 19
· Evidence for the conclusion that the longer-living gamma-
ray bursters are very distant comes from the Answer
·
· 1.
· delay in the arrival of the visible pulse behind the gamma-ray
pulse, caused by
· the passage of the light through optically thick intergalactic
material.
·
·
13. · 2.
· spread in arrival times of different gamma-ray photon
energies, indicating a
· long passage through intergalactic gas.
·
·
· 3.
· presence of absorption lines from intergalactic gas clouds in
the spectrum of
· remnant visible light following the gamma-ray burst.
·
·
· 4.
· extreme redshift of emission lines in the visible spectrum
detected after a
· gamma-ray burst.
·
2 points
Question 20
· An astronomer studying a distant galaxy finds that its
recessional velocity is 14,000 km/s. What is the distance to the
galaxy? Assume Hubble's constant to be 70 km/s per Mpc.
Answer
·
· 1.
· 200 Mpc
·
· 2.
· 980,000 Mpc
·
· 3.
· 2000 Mpc
·
· 4.
· 98 Mpc
·
14. 2 points
Question 21
· The Hubble flow, demonstrating the expansion of the
universe, occurs Answer
·
· 1.
· between clusters of galaxies in superclusters and between
superclusters over wider
· ranges of space.
·
·
· 2.
· between stars in galaxies, galaxies in clusters, clusters in
superclusters, and
· superclusters over wider regions of space.
·
·
· 3.
· between galaxies in clusters, clusters in superclusters, and
superclusters in wider
· regions of space.
·
·
· 4.
· only between superclusters of galaxies.
·
2 points
Question 22
· The Tully-Fisher relationship can be used to measure the
luminosity of (and thus the distance to) Answer
·
· 1.
· spiral galaxies.
·
· 2.
· globular clusters.
15. ·
· 3.
· elliptical galaxies.
·
· 4.
· Type II supernovae.
·
2 points
Question 23
· In modern particle physics, the proton and the neutron are
now thought to be composed of more fundamental particles
called Answer
·
· 1.
· neutrinos.
·
· 2.
· photons.
·
· 3.
· quarks.
·
· 4.
· gluons.
·
2 points
Question 24
· Which of the following speeds are described by Hubble's
law? Answer
·
· 1.
· speeds of superclusters of galaxies
·
· 2.
· speeds of individual clusters of galaxies in the Milky Way's
local supercluster
16. ·
· 3.
· speeds of stars in the Milky Way Galaxy
·
· 4.
· speeds of individual galaxies in the Local Group and other
nearby galaxy clusters
·
2 points
Question 25
· Stars in a binary system are useful in studying mass
transfers because we know that the two stars have the same
Answer
·
· 1.
· spectral type.
·
· 2.
· age.
·
· 3.
· mass.
·
· 4.
· radius.
·
2 points
Question 26
· Where do we find supermassive black holes? Answer
·
· 1.
· in the centers of both active and normal galaxies, both nearby
and far away
·
· 2.
· in the centers of both active and normal galaxies, but only
17. those at relatively high
· redshift values, indicating that they existed in the distant past
·
·
· 3.
· in the centers of giant elliptical galaxies
·
· 4.
· in the centers of active galaxies
·
2 points
Question 27
· The helium flash results from the Answer
·
· 1.
· electron degeneracy or quantum crowding in the core of a low-
mass red giant star.
·
· 2.
· sudden onset of nuclear reactions at the end of the protostar.
·
· 3.
· high temperature in the helium core of a blue (spectral class O
or B) supergiant star.
·
· 4.
· sudden release of energy in strong magnetic fields near a
sunspot.
·
2 points
Question 28
· Why is flatness a problem in cosmology? Answer
·
· 1.
· The total amount of known matter (even if we include dark
matter) is not enough
18. · to make the universe flat.
·
·
· 2.
· The universe appears to have a hyperbolic geometry to within
observational error,
· yet the universe is expanding, and expanding universes have to
be flat.
·
·
· 3.
· Matter is known to create bumps in the geometry of spacetime;
therefore, the
· universe cannot be flat.
·
·
· 4.
· The universe appears to be flat to within observational error,
yet the universe is
· expanding, and it is impossible for an expanding universe to
be flat.
·
2 points
Question 29
· What name is given to a galaxy with a smooth distribution
of brightness and a round shape? Answer
·
· 1.
· E0
·
· 2.
· SBa
·
· 3.
· E7
·
19. · 4.
· Sa
·
2 points
Question 30
· An electromagnetic wave leaves the surface of a neutron
star and travels outward. As the wave gets farther from the
star's surface, the _____ and the _____. Answer
·
· 1.
· speed decreases; frequency decreases
·
· 2.
· speed decreases; wavelength increases
·
· 3.
· frequency decreases; wavelength increases
·
· 4.
· frequency increases; wavelength decreases
·
2 points
Question 31
· In the 1970s it was discovered that, among spiral galaxies,
the wider the 21-cm radio emission line, the brighter is the
galaxy. What is the name of this relation? Answer
·
· 1.
· mass-luminosity law
·
· 2.
· Hawking effect
·
· 3.
· Tully-Fisher relation
·
20. · 4.
· Hubble law
·
2 points
Question 32
· For which one of the following objects has the
phenomenon of differential rotation NOT been
observed? Answer
·
· 1.
· Sun
·
· 2.
· Mars
·
· 3.
· Milky Way Galaxy
·
· 4.
· Jupiter
·
2 points
Question 33
· A planetary nebula is created Answer
·
· 1.
· over several hundred years, during mass transfer in a close
binary star system.
·
· 2.
· in hours or less, during the explosion of a massive star.
·
· 3.
· over a few thousand years or more, in a slow expansion away
from a low-mass star,
· driven by a series of thermal pulses from helium fusion.
21. ·
·
· 4.
· in seconds, during the helium flash in a low-mass star.
·
2 points
Question 34
· What is the most outstanding feature of a quasar compared
with other objects in deep space? Answer
·
· 1.
· great distance from Earth
·
· 2.
· prodigious output of energy
·
· 3.
· small size
·
· 4.
· short lifetime
·
2 points
Question 35
· Quasars emit significant amounts of radiation from the
Lymanα transition. When the spectrum is observed on Earth, it
is found that the Lymanα line is accompanied by many
absorption lines, called the Lymanα forest. What is the origin of
these lines? (See Figure 17-5, Comins and Kaufmann,
Discovering the Universe, 8th ed.) Answer
·
· 1.
· The absorption lines are caused by the rotation of the quasar.
Different parts of
· the quasar thus give rise to Lyman-alpha lines with different
Doppler shifts.
22. ·
·
· 2.
· Because the quasar's jets are aimed at various directions, the
jet plasma has Doppler
· shifts that are different from those of the quasar itself. The
result is a variety of
· Lyman-alpha wavelengths in the spectrum received on Earth.
·
·
· 3.
· The absorption lines are the result of gravitational lensing by
objects between the
· quasar and Earth.
·
·
· 4.
· The emitted Lyman-alpha radiation is absorbed by many gas
clouds between the
· quasar and Earth. The lines are receding at various velocities
and thus are absorbed
· at different Doppler-shifted wavelengths.
·
2 points
Question 36
· In a binary star system, an unseen component is found to
have 8 solar masses. It would be visible if the system were a
normal star, so it must be a collapsed object. Theoretical
considerations tell us that it must be a Answer
·
· 1.
· white dwarf.
·
· 2.
· neutron star.
·
23. · 3.
· brown dwarf.
·
· 4.
· black hole.
·
2 points
Question 37
· Why is the Coma cluster of galaxies a favorite among
astronomers? Answer
·
· 1.
· The Coma cluster is the cluster in which the Milky Way
Galaxy is situated.
·
· 2.
· The Coma cluster is the rich, regular cluster nearest the Earth.
·
· 3.
· The Coma cluster contains two quasars.
·
· 4.
· The Coma cluster is the rich, irregular cluster nearest the
Earth.
·
2 points
Question 38
· In terms of the evolutionary life of a star, at what stage is
the Crab Nebula? Answer
·
· 1.
· middle-age: main-sequence star, relatively near the Sun
·
· 2.
· black hole: very late stage of evolution
·
24. · 3.
· late: it is the remnant of a star explosion or supernova
·
· 4.
· beginning: nebula in which stars are forming
·
2 points
Question 39
· A particular galaxy appears round, with a nuclear region of
uniform brightness and an outer region that is broken up into
long, curved, well-defined lanes of stars and light gas clouds.
How would this galaxy be classified? Answer
·
· 1.
· irregular
·
· 2.
· flocculent spiral
·
· 3.
· elliptical
·
· 4.
· grand-design spiral
·
2 points
Question 40
· The “star” that is seen at the center of a planetary nebula
is Answer
·
· 1.
· a planet in the process of formation.
·
· 2.
· the accretion disk around a black hole.
·
25. · 3.
· composed almost entirely of neutrons and spinning rapidly.
·
· 4.
· a small, hot, and very dense white dwarf star.
·
2 points
Question 41
· The cosmological redshift in the light from distant galaxies
is explained by which of the following effects? Answer
·
· 1.
· The light from more distant galaxies has traveled through the
gravitational fields
· of more galaxies in getting to us and is therefore more
gravitationally redshifted.
·
·
· 2.
· A photon's wavelength is a distance and is therefore
lengthened by the general
· expansion of the universe, making the light appear reddened.
·
·
· 3.
· The light spreads out over larger areas as distance increases
according to 1/(distance)2,
· which causes the wavelength to increase in proportion to
distance.
·
·
· 4.
· The light we on Earth see was Doppler-shifted to longer
wavelengths by the motion of
· the objects (e.g., galaxies) away from Earth.
·
26. 2 points
Question 42
· The first accurate measurement of stellar parallax was
made in Answer
·
· 1.
· 1927.
·
· 2.
· 1721.
·
· 3.
· the fourth century B.C.
·
· 4.
· 1838.
·
2 points
Question 43
· What fraction of the mass of the Milky Way Galaxy
appears to be in the form of “dark matter,” which we cannot see
but can detect through its gravitational influence? Answer
·
· 1.
· about 10%
·
· 2.
· about 90%
·
· 3.
· about 50%
·
· 4.
· 0%—who ever heard of matter that can't be seen?
·
2 points
27. Question 44
· If a distant cluster were to be composed only of stars with
apparent magnitude of +3, how many stars would there be in
this cluster if its apparent magnitude matched that of a star with
apparent magnitude of +1? Answer
·
· 1.
· 102, or 100
·
· 2.
· 2
·
· 3.
· about 2.5
·
· 4.
· between 6 and 7
·
2 points
Question 45
· Which of the following facts referring to stars in a cluster
is NOT particularly useful for interpreting the evolution of
these stars? Answer
·
· 1.
· The stars formed from the same mix of chemical elements but
with a mix of original
· masses.
·
·
· 2.
· The stars all formed at about the same time.
·
· 3.
· The majority of the material in these stars is hydrogen.
·
28. · 4.
· The stars are all at the same distance from the Earth, so we
measure true intrinsic
· brightnesses of the stars.
·
2 points
Question 46
· Gas jets have often formed perpendicular to the plane of
the accretion disk around a black hole or a neutron star. What
propels the gas away from the hole or star? Answer
·
· 1.
· enormous pressure of the compressed infalling gas of the
accretion disk
·
· 2.
· strong curvature of spacetime near the object
·
· 3.
· conservation of momentum since the outgoing particles are
pair-produced
· as virtual particles near the object
·
·
· 4.
· magnetic forces from the object's strong magnetic field
·
2 points
Question 47
· The energy required to ionize the hydrogen gas in an
emission nebula (H II region) comes from Answer
·
· 1.
· UV emission from hot O and B stars.
·
· 2.
29. · collisions between gas clouds in interstellar space.
·
· 3.
· T Tauri stars.
·
· 4.
· supernovae (exploding stars).
·
2 points
Question 48
· Two stars have the same luminosity (or absolute
magnitude). One star is spectral class F and the other is spectral
class K. From this information, we know that the Answer
·
· 1.
· B-type star is larger than the K-type star.
·
· 2.
· K-type star is hotter but can be larger, smaller, or the same
size as the B-type star.
·
· 3.
· B-type star is hotter but can be larger, smaller, or the same
size as the K-type star.
·
· 4.
· K-type star is larger than the B-type star.
·
2 points
Question 49
· The bright stars at the center of an emission nebula (H II
region) are Answer
·
· 1.
· red supergiants.
·
30. · 2.
· hot white dwarfs.
·
· 3.
· young O and B stars.
·
· 4.
· T Tauri stars.
·
2 points
Question 50
· Which of the following spectral classification letters
signifies the hottest stellar surface temperature? Answer
·
· 1.
· G
·
· 2.
· B
·
· 3.
· A
·
· 4.
· K