This document discusses quality management procedures for construction projects. It begins by outlining six basic procedures required by the ISO 9001 standard, but notes these are not sufficient on their own for large construction projects. Additional common procedures are then listed across areas like procurement, design, subcontracting, and handover. Quality management tools like check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, and scatter plots are also defined. The document emphasizes keeping quality systems simple in order to ensure usability and compliance.

1. Quality management in constructionprojects
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I. Contents of quality management in construction projects
==================
In order for a construction company or a construction project to function properly, internal
processes and procedures that will set up the frame of its basic operational activities are almost
always required .
ISO:9001 – 2008 clearly specifies which Procedures need to be documented in order to fulfill
thestandard’s minimum requirements.
These are the following 6:
 Control of Documents
 Control of Records
 Internal Audits
 Control of Nonconforming product (NCRs)
 Corrective Actions
 Preventive Actions (it might be included in the Corrective Actions Procedure as well)
Taking into acount the complexity of (especially) the bigger infrastructure projects
like Commercial Buildings, Hotels, Marine Projects, Highways, Tunneling, Rail or Airports ,
it’s quite difficult to set up a Quality Management System only with these 6 procedures.

2. Even if you manage to do so, in the beginning, it is almost certain that you will probably be
asked by your Client or Client’s representatives to demonstrate how many of the other processes
work in the Project. This is to make him (the Client) sure that everything is working as it should
be or there might even be a specific clause in the Contract obliging you to document them.
So, some of the most common aditional procedures/processes that you might need to issue for a
Project are:
 Procurement and Logistics Procedure (commercial sensitive)
 Codification of Documents and Drawings (it might be included in the Doc.Control
procedure)
 Design Procedure (extremely critical procedure in which you specify how the Deisgn of
the project is being undertaken-in case of a Design-Build contract mainly)
 Subcontracting Procedure (also very critical in order to demonstrate that you manage
properly your subcontractors)
 Temporary Works Procedure (safety sensitive for all the temporary works that exist on site
and the way their design and construction are managed)
 Management of Plant & Equipment (along with maintenance plans and inspection
regimes)
 Handover, As-Built and Completion Procedure (useful so that you finally handover all of
the records to the Client on time)
 Inspection and Quality Control Procedure (specifying the basic framework of the
inspections that performed on site)
 Surveying and Setting out Procedure
 Material Approvals (specifying how the permanent materials will be inspected and
approved by the Client)
 Reporting Procedure (describing the format and the frequency of the reports required by
the contract)
 Cost Control Procedure
 Administration & Correspondence
 Calibration Procedure
 Assessing Client satisfaction
 Request for Information Procedure (RFI)
 Design Field Change Procedure (for changing parts of the design on site because of several
restrictions)

3.  Training Procedure
The list can literally be endless and it can of course be adjusted according to the needs and the
contractual requirements.
There are of course numerous other procedures for Health, Safety, Environment, HR,
Accounting but we are only dealing with the Quality stuff here.
However, the simplest you keep your system, the easier will be for the people who are going to
implement it (that’s a big discussion for another post…). Otherwise you end up having a system
that no one is following, no one has ever read in the Project and it only exists in order to make
the external auditors and your Clients happy .
Is that really what you want as Quality professional in construction ?
Do we really want to create a bureaucratic Quality Management system which is just adding one
more headache to the Engineers and the Project Managers?
The best single advice is (as for almost everything in life): keep it simple!
But this is where it becomes tricky and harder than most of the people think.
As Leonardo Da Vinci said hundreds of years ago:
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
What are the Quality Procedures/Processes that you are using on site?
Share your experience in the comments below.
==================
III. Quality management tools
1. Check sheet
The check sheet is a form (document) used to collect data
in real time at the location where the data is generated.
The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative.
When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is
sometimes called a tally sheet.
The defining characteristic of a check sheet is that data
are recorded by making marks ("checks") on it. A typical
check sheet is divided into regions, and marks made in
different regions have different significance. Data are
read by observing the location and number of marks on
the sheet.

4. Check sheets typically employ a heading that answers the
Five Ws:
 Who filled out the check sheet
 What was collected (what each check represents,
an identifying batch or lot number)
 Where the collection took place (facility, room,
apparatus)
 When the collection took place (hour, shift, day
of the week)
 Why the data were collected
2. Control chart
Control charts, also known as Shewhart charts
(after Walter A. Shewhart) or process-behavior
charts, in statistical process control are tools used
to determine if a manufacturing or business
process is in a state of statistical control.
If analysis of the control chart indicates that the
process is currently under control (i.e., is stable,
with variation only coming from sources common
to the process), then no corrections or changes to
process control parameters are needed or desired.
In addition, data from the process can be used to
predict the future performance of the process. If
the chart indicates that the monitored process is
not in control, analysis of the chart can help
determine the sources of variation, as this will
result in degraded process performance.[1] A
process that is stable but operating outside of
desired (specification) limits (e.g., scrap rates
may be in statistical control but above desired
limits) needs to be improved through a deliberate
effort to understand the causes of current
performance and fundamentally improve the
process.
The control chart is one of the seven basic tools of
quality control.[3] Typically control charts are
used for time-series data, though they can be used
for data that have logical comparability (i.e. you

5. want to compare samples that were taken all at
the same time, or the performance of different
individuals), however the type of chart used to do
this requires consideration.
3. Pareto chart
A Pareto chart, named after Vilfredo Pareto, is a type
of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where
individual values are represented in descending order
by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the
line.
The left vertical axis is the frequency of occurrence,
but it can alternatively represent cost or another
important unit of measure. The right vertical axis is
the cumulative percentage of the total number of
occurrences, total cost, or total of the particular unit of
measure. Because the reasons are in decreasing order,
the cumulative function is a concave function. To take
the example above, in order to lower the amount of
late arrivals by 78%, it is sufficient to solve the first
three issues.
The purpose of the Pareto chart is to highlight the
most important among a (typically large) set of
factors. In quality control, it often represents the most
common sources of defects, the highest occurring type
of defect, or the most frequent reasons for customer
complaints, and so on. Wilkinson (2006) devised an
algorithm for producing statistically based acceptance
limits (similar to confidence intervals) for each bar in
the Pareto chart.
4. Scatter plot Method

6. A scatter plot, scatterplot, or scattergraph is a type of
mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to
display values for two variables for a set of data.
The data is displayed as a collection of points, each
having the value of one variable determining the position
on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable
determining the position on the vertical axis.[2] This kind
of plot is also called a scatter chart, scattergram, scatter
diagram,[3] or scatter graph.
A scatter plot is used when a variable exists that is under
the control of the experimenter. If a parameter exists that
is systematically incremented and/or decremented by the
other, it is called the control parameter or independent
variable and is customarily plotted along the horizontal
axis. The measured or dependent variable is customarily
plotted along the vertical axis. If no dependent variable
exists, either type of variable can be plotted on either axis
and a scatter plot will illustrate only the degree of
correlation (not causation) between two variables.
A scatter plot can suggest various kinds of correlations
between variables with a certain confidence interval. For
example, weight and height, weight would be on x axis
and height would be on the y axis. Correlations may be
positive (rising), negative (falling), or null (uncorrelated).
If the pattern of dots slopes from lower left to upper right,
it suggests a positive correlation between the variables
being studied. If the pattern of dots slopes from upper left
to lower right, it suggests a negative correlation. A line of
best fit (alternatively called 'trendline') can be drawn in
order to study the correlation between the variables. An
equation for the correlation between the variables can be
determined by established best-fit procedures. For a linear
correlation, the best-fit procedure is known as linear
regression and is guaranteed to generate a correct solution
in a finite time. No universal best-fit procedure is
guaranteed to generate a correct solution for arbitrary
relationships. A scatter plot is also very useful when we
wish to see how two comparable data sets agree with each
other. In this case, an identity line, i.e., a y=x line, or an
1:1 line, is often drawn as a reference. The more the two
data sets agree, the more the scatters tend to concentrate in
the vicinity of the identity line; if the two data sets are
numerically identical, the scatters fall on the identity line

7. exactly.
5.Ishikawa diagram
Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams,
herringbone diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, or
Fishikawa) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru
Ishikawa (1968) that show the causes of a specific
event.[1][2] Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are
product design and quality defect prevention, to identify
potential factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or
reason for imperfection is a source of variation. Causes
are usually grouped into major categories to identify these
sources of variation. The categories typically include
 People: Anyone involved with the process
 Methods: How the process is performed and the
specific requirements for doing it, such as policies,
procedures, rules, regulations and laws
 Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc.
required to accomplish the job
 Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc.
used to produce the final product
 Measurements: Data generated from the process
that are used to evaluate its quality
 Environment: The conditions, such as location,
time, temperature, and culture in which the process
operates
6. Histogram method

8. A histogram is a graphical representation of the
distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability
distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative
variable) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.[1] To
construct a histogram, the first step is to "bin" the range of
values -- that is, divide the entire range of values into a
series of small intervals -- and then count how many
values fall into each interval. A rectangle is drawn with
height proportional to the count and width equal to the bin
size, so that rectangles abut each other. A histogram may
also be normalized displaying relative frequencies. It then
shows the proportion of cases that fall into each of several
categories, with the sum of the heights equaling 1. The
bins are usually specified as consecutive, non-overlapping
intervals of a variable. The bins (intervals) must be
adjacent, and usually equal size.[2] The rectangles of a
histogram are drawn so that they touch each other to
indicate that the original variable is continuous.[3]
III. Other topics related to Quality management in construction projects (pdf
download)
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