The document discusses the qualities of letters in Arabic phonetics, including temporary and permanent rules, and various terms such as qalqalah, hams, jahr, and shiddah. It explains technical concepts related to pronunciation like istifal, istiala'a, infetah, and itbaq, detailing their literal and technical meanings. Additionally, it categorizes letters based on the strength of their pronunciation, providing definitions for terms like as-safeer and at-tikrar.

1. Qualities of Letters

2. Qualities of Letters
Temporary
•Rules of and
•Rules of
•Rules of
•Rules of
•Rules of Madd
Permanant
Unpaired
Paired
• Constitute the
•Qalqalah Letters • Hams
Jahr
•Whistling
Rikhawh • Shiddah
•Repitition
Isti’laa • Istifal
• Integral Part Itbaq
•Spreading
Infetah • of
Letters

3. Hams VS
• Literally: concealment
• Technically:
continuation of the
breath when
pronouncing the
letter
L
Jahr
• Literally: apparent
• Technically:
discontinuation of
the breath when
pronouncing the
letter

4. Rakhwah VS Shiddah
Tawassut
• Literally: softness
• Literally: strength
• Technically:
• Technically:
continuation of the
• Literally: moderation discontinuation of
Sound when
the Sound when
• Technically: Technically it means between
pronouncing the
strength and softness. It is pronouncing the
not a separate
letter
quality on its own but fallsletter
in between
shiddah and rakhawah.
L
L
The rest
L

5. Istifal
• Literally: lowering
• Technically: keeping
the tongue lowered
from the roof of the
mouth while
pronouncing a letter.
L
The rest
Istiala’a
VS
• Literally: elevation.
• Technically: the
elevation of
the back tongue
towards the roof of the
mouth when
pronouncing a letter
L

6. Istifal
Istiala’a
VS

7. Infetah VS
• Literally: openness
• Technically: keeping
the tongue separated
from the roof of the
mouth while
pronouncing a letter.
L
The rest
Itbaq
• Literally: adhesion.
• Technically:
adhesion of
the tongue to the roof
of the mouth when
pronouncing a letter
L

8. Infetah VS
Itbaq

9. Qualities of Letters
Weak
Strong
Assis the quality of letters !?

10. Qualities of Letters
Temporary
•Rules of and
•Rules of
•Rules of
•Rules of
•Rules of Madd
Permanant
Unpaired
Paired
•Qalqalah
•Whistling
•Spreading
•Repetition
Jahr • Hams
Rikhawh • Shiddah
Isti’laa • Istifal
Infetah • Itbaq

11. Qalqalah
Definition
Literally: Shaking
Qualities of Letters
Technically: creation of a
slight vibration while
pronouncing the letters.
L

12. Qalqalah
3 Levels
Qualities of Letters
Regards to the strength of its pronunciation
1. Strongest: mushaddad Letter
2. Strong: sakin letter at the end of a word
3. Weak: sakin letter in the middle of a word
L

13. As-Safeer
Definition
Qualities of
Literally: whistle Letters
Technically: natural occurrence
of a whistle like sound emitted
while pronouncing the letters.
L
-
-

14. At-Tafashy
Definition
Qualities of Letters
Literally: spread around
Technically: it is the spreading
of the sound of the letter in the
mouth while pronouncing it.
L

15. At-Tikrar
Definition
Literally: repetition
Qualities of Letters
Technically: thrilling of the
tongue while pronouncing a
letter that causes the letter to be
pronounced more than once.
L

16. Qualities of Letters
Unpaired

17. Qualities of Letters
Temporary
•Rules of and
•Rules of
•Rules of
•Rules of
•Rules of Madd
Permanant
Unpaired
Paired
•Qalqalah
•Whistling
•Spreading
•Repetition
Jahr • Hams
Rikhawh • Shiddah
Isti’laa • Istifal
Infetah • Itbaq