This document discusses the scope and status of public health entrepreneurship at national and global levels. It defines key terms like public health entrepreneurship, entrepreneur, and social entrepreneurship. Public health entrepreneurship opportunities exist in various sectors like life insurance companies, factories, public health insurance, health product production, consultancies, and fitness centers. Challenges to public health entrepreneurship in Nepal include its low status. Questions are raised about barriers and how to improve the field.
Community diagnosis is defined as determining the pattern of health problems in a community and the factors influencing this pattern. It involves comprehensively assessing the community's social, political, economic, physical and biological environment. The purposes of community diagnosis include identifying health problems and those at risk, determining community needs, and developing strategies for community involvement. It involves collecting both measurable health data like disease prevalence and age distribution as well as soft factors like customs and beliefs. The process involves defining the community, identifying needs, prioritizing health issues, assessing resources, and setting priorities for action.
The document discusses nurse entrepreneurship in the Philippines. It describes a Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) initiative called EntrepreNURSE that facilitates nurse entrepreneurship by establishing nursing cooperatives. These cooperatives deploy unemployed licensed nurses to provide primary healthcare services to rural, poor communities that lack access to basic healthcare. The nurses act as both health educators and providers in these communities on a monthly basis. Their services are compensated through various sources to promote affordable healthcare access. The goal is to engage unemployed nurses through entrepreneurial management of clinics and services.
Factors affecting community health can be grouped into physical, social/cultural, community organization, and individual behavior factors. Physical factors include industrial development, which can cause diseases from toxic waste and congestion; water contamination; air pollution; community size; geographical location, which can influence diseases spread through factors like flooding; and environment cleanliness. Social/cultural factors include traditions and beliefs like FGM; and economy, as economically well-off communities have better access to healthcare. Community organization factors include government provision of services; and community resource organization like taxes. Individual behavior also influences community health through personal health habits.
The purpose of community diagnosis is to define existing problems, determine available resources and set priorities for planning, implementing and evaluating health action, by and for the community.
The document provides a history of health education and health promotion from early civilizations to the present. It discusses how early civilizations advocated for sanitation, clean water, exercise and diet. It then summarizes the early public health movement in Europe in response to poor living conditions during the Industrial Revolution. It describes how the medical model became popular in the late 19th century but was later questioned in the 1960s-70s. This led to the new public health movement and conferences like the Ottawa Charter which emphasized environmental and behavioral factors influencing health.
The Philippines has accredited hospitals and well-trained medical providers. In most cities, healthcare in the Philippines will be just as good, if not better, than in your home country.
However, the Philippines is made up of more than 7,500 islands, and the country has more than 20,000 miles of coastline. There are many remote areas within this geography. Remote locations may not have up-to-date equipment or adequate staffing levels, though the quality of health services will vary by facility and region.
Yet the healthcare system in the Philippines is steadily improving. The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation, known as PhilHealth, aims to provide universal coverage; expats and foreigners who legally reside in the Philippines can join this system for very low premiums. With a range of public and private options, you’ll find that every kind of healthcare need can be met in the Philippines.
(1) introduction to community health nursingDr. Nazar Jaf
This document provides an introduction to community health nursing. It defines key terms like community health, community health nursing, and public health. It distinguishes between community health nursing and community-based nursing. It describes the historical development of community health nursing and identifies the mission as improving population health. It outlines characteristics of community health nursing practice and roles including client-oriented, delivery-oriented, and population-oriented.
Community diagnosis is defined as determining the pattern of health problems in a community and the factors influencing this pattern. It involves comprehensively assessing the community's social, political, economic, physical and biological environment. The purposes of community diagnosis include identifying health problems and those at risk, determining community needs, and developing strategies for community involvement. It involves collecting both measurable health data like disease prevalence and age distribution as well as soft factors like customs and beliefs. The process involves defining the community, identifying needs, prioritizing health issues, assessing resources, and setting priorities for action.
The document discusses nurse entrepreneurship in the Philippines. It describes a Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) initiative called EntrepreNURSE that facilitates nurse entrepreneurship by establishing nursing cooperatives. These cooperatives deploy unemployed licensed nurses to provide primary healthcare services to rural, poor communities that lack access to basic healthcare. The nurses act as both health educators and providers in these communities on a monthly basis. Their services are compensated through various sources to promote affordable healthcare access. The goal is to engage unemployed nurses through entrepreneurial management of clinics and services.
Factors affecting community health can be grouped into physical, social/cultural, community organization, and individual behavior factors. Physical factors include industrial development, which can cause diseases from toxic waste and congestion; water contamination; air pollution; community size; geographical location, which can influence diseases spread through factors like flooding; and environment cleanliness. Social/cultural factors include traditions and beliefs like FGM; and economy, as economically well-off communities have better access to healthcare. Community organization factors include government provision of services; and community resource organization like taxes. Individual behavior also influences community health through personal health habits.
The purpose of community diagnosis is to define existing problems, determine available resources and set priorities for planning, implementing and evaluating health action, by and for the community.
The document provides a history of health education and health promotion from early civilizations to the present. It discusses how early civilizations advocated for sanitation, clean water, exercise and diet. It then summarizes the early public health movement in Europe in response to poor living conditions during the Industrial Revolution. It describes how the medical model became popular in the late 19th century but was later questioned in the 1960s-70s. This led to the new public health movement and conferences like the Ottawa Charter which emphasized environmental and behavioral factors influencing health.
The Philippines has accredited hospitals and well-trained medical providers. In most cities, healthcare in the Philippines will be just as good, if not better, than in your home country.
However, the Philippines is made up of more than 7,500 islands, and the country has more than 20,000 miles of coastline. There are many remote areas within this geography. Remote locations may not have up-to-date equipment or adequate staffing levels, though the quality of health services will vary by facility and region.
Yet the healthcare system in the Philippines is steadily improving. The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation, known as PhilHealth, aims to provide universal coverage; expats and foreigners who legally reside in the Philippines can join this system for very low premiums. With a range of public and private options, you’ll find that every kind of healthcare need can be met in the Philippines.
(1) introduction to community health nursingDr. Nazar Jaf
This document provides an introduction to community health nursing. It defines key terms like community health, community health nursing, and public health. It distinguishes between community health nursing and community-based nursing. It describes the historical development of community health nursing and identifies the mission as improving population health. It outlines characteristics of community health nursing practice and roles including client-oriented, delivery-oriented, and population-oriented.
Nancy Milio is a public health leader who originated the concept of healthy public policy. Her framework for prevention proposes that (1) population health results from an imbalance between health needs and resources, and (2) behaviors result from limited choices based on social and economic factors. Milio argued that making healthy choices more readily available and affordable than unhealthy ones could influence populations to gain health. Her framework considers broader determinants of health beyond individual perceptions.
The document summarizes several national health policies of India, including the National Health Policy of 1983, 2002, and 2010. It outlines the goals of each policy, such as eradicating polio and other diseases, reducing mortality from tuberculosis, and increasing access to healthcare facilities. It also discusses the National Nutrition Policy and National Education Policy of India.
Analysis and Utilization of Relevant Data in Nursing Process91varsha
This document discusses the nursing process and how nurses analyze patient data to develop nursing diagnoses. It provides an overview of the steps in assessment, including collecting subjective and objective data, validating data, organizing data, and recording/documenting data. It then covers analyzing and interpreting the data to identify patterns and problems, propose nursing diagnoses, and check the diagnoses against defining characteristics before documenting the conclusions. Examples are provided to illustrate analyzing sample data clusters to formulate accurate nursing diagnoses and apply them to care planning. Factors that can lead to diagnostic errors during the data collection and analysis process are also reviewed.
This document discusses the Health Resource Development Program (HRDP) in the Philippines, which aims to make health services available and accessible in underserved communities through community organizing and participatory action research. HRDP III specifically used these strategies to train community members and develop sustainable primary health care systems led by communities. The strategies involved raising awareness, identifying health problems, taking collective action, and managing community health projects to achieve self-reliance. The goal was to establish effective primary health care through empowering local institutions and residents.
This document discusses four strategies for theory development in nursing:
1. Theory to practice to theory - Using an existing theory in practice and refining it based on experience.
2. Practice to theory - Developing theories by reflecting on clinical experiences through journaling and discussion.
3. Research to theory - Developing theories by conducting research and using the results to build theoretical frameworks in a inductive process.
4. Theory to research to theory - Using an existing theory to formulate research questions and modifying the theory based on the research results.
The document discusses community diagnosis, which involves conducting an in-depth analysis of a community's health profiles, status, and factors affecting health. It outlines the suggested contents of a community diagnosis, which includes an introduction, target community profile, data analysis, action plan based on prioritized problems identified, conclusion, and recommendations. It also describes the target community profile section in detail, covering geographic identifiers, population profile, socio-demographic indicators, socio-economic indicators, environmental indicators, and health profile. Finally, it discusses the steps involved in community diagnosis, including preparation, survey conduct, data analysis and interpretation, and action plan preparation.
The PRECEDE-PROCEED model provides a comprehensive framework for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs. It consists of 9 phases: (1) social diagnosis to identify community health issues, (2) epidemiological diagnosis to determine associated health problems, (3) behavioral and environmental diagnosis to analyze behavioral and environmental factors, (4) educational diagnosis to select factors to modify behaviors, (5) administrative diagnosis to assess resources and policies, (6) implementation, (7) process evaluation, (8) impact evaluation, and (9) outcome evaluation to determine effects on health and quality of life. The model takes a participatory approach and considers both individual and environmental influences on behaviors.
Community diagnosis is vital in health planning, evaluation and needs assessment, several types of indicators are valid to be used for community diagnosis including Socio-economic, demographics, health system, and living arrangements.
This document provides lecture notes on communicable diseases prepared by Mark Fredderick R. Abejo RN. It defines communicable diseases and discusses the causative agents, reservoirs, modes of transmission, portals of entry/exit, and susceptible hosts. It also summarizes several common communicable diseases caused by bacteria, including the etiology, signs and symptoms, nursing assessment, treatment, prevention, and complications of diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and scarlet fever.
The document discusses approaches and principles for community health development using COPAR (Conscientization, Organization, Participation, Action, Reflection). It outlines the phases of COPAR organizing including pre-entry, entry, core group formation, and organization building. Guidelines are provided for community workers on integrating into communities and identifying potential leaders during the entry phase.
COPAR (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research) is an approach to community development that aims to transform apathetic communities into active, participatory communities through collective action. It is a sustained process of raising awareness, identifying community needs and objectives, taking action to address immediate issues, and developing cooperative attitudes. The COPAR process involves progressive cycles of action, reflection on outcomes, and further informed action. It is participatory, group-centered, and biased towards empowering the poor and marginalized.
The document discusses the history and development of nursing research from its origins in the 1850s led by Florence Nightingale to current priorities and trends. Some key events include the establishment of the first nursing research organization Sigma Theta Tau in 1936, increased government funding of nursing research beginning in the 1940s-1950s, and the establishment of the National Institute of Nursing Research in 1993 which significantly advanced the field. The document outlines priority areas for nursing research according to different specialties such as clinical nursing, nursing administration, and nursing education.
COPAR is a social development approach that aims to transform apathetic, poor communities into participatory groups. It is a collective, liberating process of building people's organizations to address exploitation through participation, education, and collective action. The approach begins with local issues identified by communities and uses experiential learning through action and reflection to empower communities to eventually self-manage development programs.
This document outlines the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for planning health education programs. It describes the model's phases including PRECEDE (Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation) and PROCEED (Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development). PRECEDE involves 5 diagnostic phases to assess factors influencing health status. PROCEED involves 6 implementation and evaluation phases. The document provides an example of applying the model to design a health education program on using bed nets to prevent kala-azar transmission in Nepal.
This document provides an overview of nursing research. It defines nursing research and discusses its purpose and goals which include generating knowledge to guide nursing practice and improve patient care. The document also discusses different types of research such as quantitative and qualitative research. It outlines various research approaches and models that can be used to promote evidence-based practice in nursing.
Nursing has evolved significantly over history. In ancient times, nursing was informal with caregivers learning through oral tradition. During medieval times in Europe, nursing was primarily done by nuns in monasteries. Modern nursing began in the 19th century led by Florence Nightingale and Elizabeth Fry who established nursing schools. By the late 19th century, nursing schools were being set up in hospitals in Europe and the United States to formally educate nurses. Nursing continued professionalizing in the 20th century with graduate programs being established.
Health economics is the study of how limited resources are used in the health care industry and how they affect health care systems. It aims to provide the best quality health care to as many people as possible given financial constraints. Key aspects of health economics include cost accounting, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and analyzing the effects of factors like technology, population changes, and policies on health care systems. Resources in health care may be evaluated using quantitative techniques like cost minimization and cost-effectiveness analysis.
The Health Promotion Model was designed by Nola J. Pender to be a “complementary counterpart to models of health protection.” It defines health as a positive dynamic state rather than simply the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed at increasing a patient's level of well-being.
The document traces the historical development of health promotion from ancient times to the present. It discusses early concepts and practices of health promotion in Indian, Chinese, Egyptian, Hebrew, and Roman civilizations dating back to 5000 BC. Key developments included the establishment of public health infrastructure and hygiene practices. The concept of "health promotion" emerged in the 19th century and was further advanced through reports in the 1970s-80s. The Ottawa Charter of 1986 established health promotion as a strategy for public health policy. Subsequent global conferences refined and expanded the strategy through the present day.
The Economic Impact of Active and Healthy LivingPaul Mc Carthy
Full Health empowers people and communities to become experts in their own health. It is a digital platform that enables people to receive health recommendations, action plans and advice personal to them on their phone. It also gives communities insight into their population’s health so they can benchmark and improve.
Full Health provides people with the same convenience they now take for granted as they shop, bank or book holidays online.
Full Health is already being used by more than 20,000 employees in over 100 companies across the UK and Ireland providing quality health benefits.
This document discusses the economic impact of active and healthy living. It highlights rising rates of chronic conditions like diabetes and obesity in Ireland that will overburden the healthcare system. Workplace health is also addressed, noting initiatives can reduce absenteeism and increase productivity. The importance of community health programs is emphasized for reaching isolated citizens. Recommendations include educating the public about health, engaging employers and communities to create their own initiatives, and empowering lifestyle changes.
Nancy Milio is a public health leader who originated the concept of healthy public policy. Her framework for prevention proposes that (1) population health results from an imbalance between health needs and resources, and (2) behaviors result from limited choices based on social and economic factors. Milio argued that making healthy choices more readily available and affordable than unhealthy ones could influence populations to gain health. Her framework considers broader determinants of health beyond individual perceptions.
The document summarizes several national health policies of India, including the National Health Policy of 1983, 2002, and 2010. It outlines the goals of each policy, such as eradicating polio and other diseases, reducing mortality from tuberculosis, and increasing access to healthcare facilities. It also discusses the National Nutrition Policy and National Education Policy of India.
Analysis and Utilization of Relevant Data in Nursing Process91varsha
This document discusses the nursing process and how nurses analyze patient data to develop nursing diagnoses. It provides an overview of the steps in assessment, including collecting subjective and objective data, validating data, organizing data, and recording/documenting data. It then covers analyzing and interpreting the data to identify patterns and problems, propose nursing diagnoses, and check the diagnoses against defining characteristics before documenting the conclusions. Examples are provided to illustrate analyzing sample data clusters to formulate accurate nursing diagnoses and apply them to care planning. Factors that can lead to diagnostic errors during the data collection and analysis process are also reviewed.
This document discusses the Health Resource Development Program (HRDP) in the Philippines, which aims to make health services available and accessible in underserved communities through community organizing and participatory action research. HRDP III specifically used these strategies to train community members and develop sustainable primary health care systems led by communities. The strategies involved raising awareness, identifying health problems, taking collective action, and managing community health projects to achieve self-reliance. The goal was to establish effective primary health care through empowering local institutions and residents.
This document discusses four strategies for theory development in nursing:
1. Theory to practice to theory - Using an existing theory in practice and refining it based on experience.
2. Practice to theory - Developing theories by reflecting on clinical experiences through journaling and discussion.
3. Research to theory - Developing theories by conducting research and using the results to build theoretical frameworks in a inductive process.
4. Theory to research to theory - Using an existing theory to formulate research questions and modifying the theory based on the research results.
The document discusses community diagnosis, which involves conducting an in-depth analysis of a community's health profiles, status, and factors affecting health. It outlines the suggested contents of a community diagnosis, which includes an introduction, target community profile, data analysis, action plan based on prioritized problems identified, conclusion, and recommendations. It also describes the target community profile section in detail, covering geographic identifiers, population profile, socio-demographic indicators, socio-economic indicators, environmental indicators, and health profile. Finally, it discusses the steps involved in community diagnosis, including preparation, survey conduct, data analysis and interpretation, and action plan preparation.
The PRECEDE-PROCEED model provides a comprehensive framework for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs. It consists of 9 phases: (1) social diagnosis to identify community health issues, (2) epidemiological diagnosis to determine associated health problems, (3) behavioral and environmental diagnosis to analyze behavioral and environmental factors, (4) educational diagnosis to select factors to modify behaviors, (5) administrative diagnosis to assess resources and policies, (6) implementation, (7) process evaluation, (8) impact evaluation, and (9) outcome evaluation to determine effects on health and quality of life. The model takes a participatory approach and considers both individual and environmental influences on behaviors.
Community diagnosis is vital in health planning, evaluation and needs assessment, several types of indicators are valid to be used for community diagnosis including Socio-economic, demographics, health system, and living arrangements.
This document provides lecture notes on communicable diseases prepared by Mark Fredderick R. Abejo RN. It defines communicable diseases and discusses the causative agents, reservoirs, modes of transmission, portals of entry/exit, and susceptible hosts. It also summarizes several common communicable diseases caused by bacteria, including the etiology, signs and symptoms, nursing assessment, treatment, prevention, and complications of diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and scarlet fever.
The document discusses approaches and principles for community health development using COPAR (Conscientization, Organization, Participation, Action, Reflection). It outlines the phases of COPAR organizing including pre-entry, entry, core group formation, and organization building. Guidelines are provided for community workers on integrating into communities and identifying potential leaders during the entry phase.
COPAR (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research) is an approach to community development that aims to transform apathetic communities into active, participatory communities through collective action. It is a sustained process of raising awareness, identifying community needs and objectives, taking action to address immediate issues, and developing cooperative attitudes. The COPAR process involves progressive cycles of action, reflection on outcomes, and further informed action. It is participatory, group-centered, and biased towards empowering the poor and marginalized.
The document discusses the history and development of nursing research from its origins in the 1850s led by Florence Nightingale to current priorities and trends. Some key events include the establishment of the first nursing research organization Sigma Theta Tau in 1936, increased government funding of nursing research beginning in the 1940s-1950s, and the establishment of the National Institute of Nursing Research in 1993 which significantly advanced the field. The document outlines priority areas for nursing research according to different specialties such as clinical nursing, nursing administration, and nursing education.
COPAR is a social development approach that aims to transform apathetic, poor communities into participatory groups. It is a collective, liberating process of building people's organizations to address exploitation through participation, education, and collective action. The approach begins with local issues identified by communities and uses experiential learning through action and reflection to empower communities to eventually self-manage development programs.
This document outlines the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for planning health education programs. It describes the model's phases including PRECEDE (Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation) and PROCEED (Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development). PRECEDE involves 5 diagnostic phases to assess factors influencing health status. PROCEED involves 6 implementation and evaluation phases. The document provides an example of applying the model to design a health education program on using bed nets to prevent kala-azar transmission in Nepal.
This document provides an overview of nursing research. It defines nursing research and discusses its purpose and goals which include generating knowledge to guide nursing practice and improve patient care. The document also discusses different types of research such as quantitative and qualitative research. It outlines various research approaches and models that can be used to promote evidence-based practice in nursing.
Nursing has evolved significantly over history. In ancient times, nursing was informal with caregivers learning through oral tradition. During medieval times in Europe, nursing was primarily done by nuns in monasteries. Modern nursing began in the 19th century led by Florence Nightingale and Elizabeth Fry who established nursing schools. By the late 19th century, nursing schools were being set up in hospitals in Europe and the United States to formally educate nurses. Nursing continued professionalizing in the 20th century with graduate programs being established.
Health economics is the study of how limited resources are used in the health care industry and how they affect health care systems. It aims to provide the best quality health care to as many people as possible given financial constraints. Key aspects of health economics include cost accounting, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and analyzing the effects of factors like technology, population changes, and policies on health care systems. Resources in health care may be evaluated using quantitative techniques like cost minimization and cost-effectiveness analysis.
The Health Promotion Model was designed by Nola J. Pender to be a “complementary counterpart to models of health protection.” It defines health as a positive dynamic state rather than simply the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed at increasing a patient's level of well-being.
The document traces the historical development of health promotion from ancient times to the present. It discusses early concepts and practices of health promotion in Indian, Chinese, Egyptian, Hebrew, and Roman civilizations dating back to 5000 BC. Key developments included the establishment of public health infrastructure and hygiene practices. The concept of "health promotion" emerged in the 19th century and was further advanced through reports in the 1970s-80s. The Ottawa Charter of 1986 established health promotion as a strategy for public health policy. Subsequent global conferences refined and expanded the strategy through the present day.
The Economic Impact of Active and Healthy LivingPaul Mc Carthy
Full Health empowers people and communities to become experts in their own health. It is a digital platform that enables people to receive health recommendations, action plans and advice personal to them on their phone. It also gives communities insight into their population’s health so they can benchmark and improve.
Full Health provides people with the same convenience they now take for granted as they shop, bank or book holidays online.
Full Health is already being used by more than 20,000 employees in over 100 companies across the UK and Ireland providing quality health benefits.
This document discusses the economic impact of active and healthy living. It highlights rising rates of chronic conditions like diabetes and obesity in Ireland that will overburden the healthcare system. Workplace health is also addressed, noting initiatives can reduce absenteeism and increase productivity. The importance of community health programs is emphasized for reaching isolated citizens. Recommendations include educating the public about health, engaging employers and communities to create their own initiatives, and empowering lifestyle changes.
Working in Global HealthChapter 18Chapter 18 Working irosacrosdale
There are many actors involved in global health working together towards common goals. Key actors include UN agencies like WHO and UNICEF, bilateral development agencies from countries, foundations, research funders, and NGOs. NGOs work on development programs, emergency relief, advocacy, and research. Partnerships have also formed around specific health issues like Roll Back Malaria to help coordinate efforts. Cooperation is important for setting standards, sharing knowledge, and finding global solutions to health challenges.
This document is a business plan for Innova Medical Technologies, Inc. (IMT), which was established in 2011 and incorporated in 2012. IMT recently acquired Cardiomedics, Inc., a medical device manufacturer, for $15 million. The business plan provides an overview of IMT's mission to improve cardiovascular health globally using external counterpulsation (ECP) therapy. It describes IMT's leadership team, facilities, growth strategy, sales forecasts, and financial projections. Key aspects of the plan include expanding ECP access through a "Pulse Program" medical vending model and partnerships with organizations like the World Health Organization. IMT is seeking $2.75 million in expansion capital to support its goals of bringing ECP therapy to more markets
The Indian diabetes burden is expected to cross 100 million by 2030 as per estimates. Considering rising non-communicable diseases and risk factors, the Government of India initiated the NPCDCS program. It is essential to have well staffed and equipped public health facilities for treatment access. Standard treatment protocols also need to be established and followed for effective disease management. However, many challenges remain due to lack of awareness, ignorance, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure, especially in rural areas where the majority lives. Urgent multi-pronged efforts are needed to curb the growing diabetes epidemic in India.
10 Best Companies in Nutraceutical Market 2022.pdfinsightscare
Insights Care mapped the journey of prominent organizations that are reshaping the future of the healthcare industry through its latest edition, “10 Best Companies in Nutraceutical Market 2022.”
This document discusses various approaches to defining and measuring poverty, health policies and goals. It describes the Basic Needs Approach, Declaration of Alma-Ata, Health for All by 2000, Selective and Comprehensive Primary Health Care, Ottawa Charter, Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals. The Basic Needs Approach defines minimum resources for well-being. The Declaration of Alma-Ata established primary health care as a goal. The Millennium Development Goals aimed to reduce poverty and improve health by 2015. The Sustainable Development Goals replaced the MDGs with a broader focus on environmental, social and economic sustainability.
This document discusses emerging approaches and lessons for making an impact on public health and wellbeing in England. It notes the increasing life expectancy but decreasing healthy life expectancy. Key health challenges include non-communicable diseases driven by risk factors like diet, tobacco, and obesity. Opportunities for improving health include prevention focused initiatives, place-based approaches, integrating health and social services, and empowering communities and individuals. Public health requires a whole system approach and partnership across many sectors.
This document discusses emerging trends in healthcare and wellness, including the rise of integrated medical wellness centers and resorts. It notes the growing demand for preventative and functional healthcare options as populations age and adopt healthier lifestyles. Examples of potential integrated medical wellness developments across Southeast Asia are provided, combining elements of medicine, wellness, hospitality and active living communities. Key opportunities exist in developing more of these types of mixed-use centers that incorporate both medical and wellness programs.
GenSearch - Innovation in Healthcare: What is the Point?Alix Aubert
In this white paper, you will discover instances where innovation in technology and organisational operations are connecting patients to healthcare providers and are sharing secure clinical data with researchers. Others have disrupted traditional manufacturing methods to improve processes and some have even transformed organisational operations to create customer trust, value, and to improve outcomes for patients.
Global health initiatives aim to improve health and healthcare equity worldwide through both medical and non-medical efforts. They rose alongside globalization and increased public awareness of shared global health challenges. Major initiatives work towards the UN's 8 Millennium Development Goals, including eradicating poverty and hunger, improving education, gender equality, child and maternal health, and combating diseases. Key organizations coordinating global efforts include the WHO, World Bank, Global Fund, GAVI, and others working in areas like immunization, tuberculosis, malaria, non-communicable diseases, and more. Overall, global health initiatives are needed for nations to work together towards the important goal of saving lives and improving health outcomes globally.
TIU, Public health certificate programs Online include Biostatistics, Environmental Health, Public Health Administration and related programs. Our interactive course explore you understand and get knowledge in global health issues.
This document is Abbott's 2022 Global Sustainability Report. It summarizes Abbott's progress against the goals of its 2030 Sustainability Plan. For its priority of innovating for access and affordability, Abbott has integrated design principles to make new products more accessible. It has also launched new technologies to help treat chronic diseases like diabetes more affordably. Abbott aims to improve the lives of 3 billion people annually by 2030, reaching 1 billion more than in 2020. It continues developing solutions to reduce preventable deaths from diseases like HIV, hepatitis, and COVID-19.
Brian Jones, Regional President of DuPont Nutrition & Health for South Asia, discusses DuPont's focus on the Indian market and efforts to address malnutrition in India. He notes that India is an important emerging market for DuPont where processed food consumption is rising. To address malnutrition, DuPont aims to invest $10 billion in R&D by 2020 to develop new products, engage with 2 million youth, and improve livelihoods for 3 million small farmers. Jones also discusses new probiotic product guidelines in India and DuPont's focus on key industries like dairy, frozen desserts and beverages.
The document discusses innovations that could help universalize primary health care (PHCs) in India. It identifies several issues with India's current primary health care system, including illiteracy, pollution, low health budgets, and high costs. It then proposes several innovations: 1) Promoting generic medicines to make drugs more affordable; 2) More effective monitoring of health programs; 3) Increased government spending on health infrastructure; 4) A stricter medical council to regulate doctors; 5) Engaging NGOs to provide education and remote health services; and 6) Increased community participation in health care design and delivery. Implementation would require funding generic drug companies, increasing coordination between state governments and local health services, and accountability measures for doctors
The presentation summarizes the effectiveness and lessons of the World Bank Group's support for health services in client countries, as outlined in IEG's evaluation.
This document discusses global health trends, issues, and concerns. It outlines the role of the World Health Organization in developing global health leadership. It also describes various global health initiatives aimed at addressing issues like tuberculosis, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and mental health. Finally, it provides details on the 8 Millennium Development Goals set by the UN, which include eradicating poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating diseases, ensuring environmental sustainability, and developing a global partnership for development.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
2. SCOPE AND STATUS OF
PUBLIC HEALTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP
AT NATIONAL AND GLOBAL CONTEXT
Presented By
Nabaraj Paudel
Masters of Public Health Service Management
Pokhara University
2
4. IF YOU GIVE A FISH TO A BEGGAR, IT MEANS YOU FEED HIM JUST ONCE
BUT
IF YOU TEACH HIM HOW TO CATCH A FISH, THIS MEANS YOU FEED HIM FOREVER 4
5. AN EXAMPLE OF VALUE ADDING
Apple in Mustang has very low value
Wine made by the apple in Mustang has high value
Apple Cider in the current market has the highest value.
5
Note: It is a negative example
6. AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROFESSIONAL,
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO BE?
6
1. Employer 2. Employee
The terminology difference between employee and
employer is small but the role of each is huge different.
7. BACKGROUND
The ILO estimates that some 88 million young women
and men throughout the world are unemployed.
The scenario is even worse in the least developed
countries like Nepal.
According to the report of Nepal Rastra Bank, remittance
contributes about 25% to the country’s GDP.
According to the report of Department of Immigration of
TIA about 1500 Nepali youths migrate abroad daily to
foreign job market.
(Source: Volunteer Initiative Nepal, available from
https://www.volunteersinitiativenepal.org)
7
8. ENTREPRENEUR
Entrepreneur is the ability to take the factors of
production or service-land, labor and capital and
use them to produce new goods or services.
The entrepreneur perceives opportunities that
other business executive do not see or do not
care about.
Entrepreneur sees a need and then brings
together the manpower, materials, and capital
required to meet that need. [1]
8
9. ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Entrepreneurship involves initiating changes in
production. [1,2]
The entrepreneurs always search for change,
respond to it , and exploit it as an opportunity.
Need to shift resources from approaches that
have produced low value into areas of higher
productivity and yield.
Entrepreneurs create value. [1,2]
9
10. PUBLIC HEALTH ENTREPRENEURS ARE:
Change agent of population health,
Pioneer of innovations that benefits the wellbeing of
humanity,
Offers sustained improvement in the health of
populations in the face of need
Need to shift resources from approaches that have
produced low value into areas of higher productivity
and yield.
Social entrepreneur [2]
10
11. PUBLIC HEALTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP
The opportunistic creation and implementation
of catalytic innovations intended to offer
sustained improvement in the health of
populations in the face of need; without being
limited by the resources currently in hand;
involving collaboration with and accountability
to the constituency served and the outcomes
created. [2]
11
12. PUBLIC HEALTH INNOVATION
Scott Frank 2007, scott.frank@case.edu
12
Public health Value
Low High
Cost
Low Entrepreneurship
opportunity
Target ideal
High Entrepreneurship
opportunity
Non Sustainable
project
14. PUBLIC HEALTH IS INHERENTLY
ANTI-ENTREPRENEURIAL
1. No profit motive
2.Governmental stuck in the box (Clinical vs PH)
3.Slow moving relative to corporate world
4. “Products” are harder to sell (cigarette and alcohol
VS milk)
5. Lack of accountability (individual level)
6.Stifled by funding restraints -best practice paradox
14
15. PUBLIC HEALTH IS INHERENTLY
ANTI-ENTREPRENEURIAL
7.Brain drain-under trained work force, both in numbers
and specialties
8.Hard to target an audience when we have no specific
target audience (healthy population)
9.We don’t really know how we’re doing
10.Our focus is need and not just needs that will pay. [2]
15
16. PUBLIC HEALTH OFFERS INHERENT
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP
1. Play on people’s fears!!!
2. They may not know it, but everybody needs us,
and the market is wide open.
3. We are selling some fabulous things : decreased
expenses, increased happy times
4. Small bites = big change
5. Passion abounds 16
17. PUBLIC HEALTH OFFERS INHERENT
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP
6. The market is more receptive. The time to innovate
is now!!
7. Timing is good for public health and medicine to
play nice again
8. The nature of public health is responsive.
9. There is an inherent need for innovation because we
have failed with things in the past. So something has
to change!
10.Evaluation tools for outcome(improved health) [2]
17
18. THE SCOPE OF PUBLIC HEALTH
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
A. Life insurance companies
B. Large scale companies/factories
C. Public health insurance / benefits schemes
D. Health product production establishment
E. Public health consultancy agencies
F. Fitness centers [3]
18
20. A. LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES
Life Insurance companies are offering attractive
options for consumers who want to protect their
dependents.
Life insurance can protect the ones you love and be
the foundation of your financial plan.
Since thinking about your own mortality is not
pleasant, some people try to avoid contemplating
thoughts of their own demise.
Force saving
20
21. A. LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES
Nepal
Growing faster in Nepal
Direct significance in Health
Do not protect from financial risk of disease
India
Do not protect from financial risk of disease
More popular in India especially the female child
USA
Do not protect from financial risk of disease
More emphasis health services coverage
21
23. DISADVANTAGES
23
Suicide and
Homicide
Life
insurance company
won't pay death
benefits if the
policyholder commits
suicide within a
specific period of
time (2 years) after
their policy takes
effect.
24. B. LARGE SCALE COMPANIES/FACTORIES
Industries and entrepreneurship projects related
to public health include
Design and development of healthy homes
Sustainable approaches to water, energy
Food production, healthy food stores
Health and recreational institutions
Behavior change institutes
Information and communication
Smoking/tobacco cessation reality TV programs [4] 24
26. B. LARGE SCALE COMPANIES/FACTORIES
26
Design and development of
healthy homes
Sustainable approaches to
water, energy and food
production
Healthy food stores
Tobacco cessation projects
Health and recreational
institutions
Behavior change institutes
Unplanned urbanization
Improper food storage
and handling
Weak food inspection and
regulation
Problem in effective
implementation of
UNFCTC
Developed countries Developing countries
27. C. PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE /
SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE
Social Health Insurance (SHI) is a prioritize
government program based on comprehensive social
contributory scheme with government subsidies for
the poor.
Objectives of Social health insurance
Ensure access to quality health
Protect from financial hardship and reduce out-of
pocket payments. [5]
27
28. C. PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE /
SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE
This program is expected to play an important
role in achieving Sustainable Development
Goals by 2030 by propelling the country towards
Universal Health Coverage. [5]
28
33. C. SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE IN
NEPAL
Health insurance Vs disease insurance
Gradual change in the number of acceptors of
SHI in Nepal.
Implemented in 25 districts
33
34. C. SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE IN GLOBAL
CONTEXT
Private insurance model
Predominately private insurance and funding
Predominately private providers
Medicare/Medicaid
Ex: USA
34
35. C. SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE IN
GLOBAL CONTEXT
Beveridge model (Public)
Taxation is the source of funding
Universal scope to all citizens
Not related to income
Public providers and governmental ownership
Complete coverage with basic health benefits
and free access to all citizens.
Ex: UK, Norway, Denmark, Portugal
35
36. C. SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE IN
GLOBAL CONTEXT
Bismark model : Public Private Mixed
Related to income
Compulsory health insurance premiums paid by
employ and employers
Selective scope
Ex: Japan, Holland, Austria, Switzerland
36
37. D. HEALTH PRODUCT PRODUCTION
ESTABLISHMENT
Medical products
Nepal CRS Company is a key driver in the growth of
Nepal’s private health sector and pioneer social marketing
company in Nepal started its operation in 1978 with the
launch of its first condom brand. [1]
It continues to distribute low-cost family planning (FP),
maternal child health (MCH) and other health products
through its innovative social marketing initiatives.
CRS contributes approximately 25% to the overall
national FP achievements on reversible methods.
(NDHS 2011).
37
38. D. HEALTH PRODUCT PRODUCTION
ESTABLISHMENT
Vaccines
Bill and Melinda Gates foundation supported in
vaccination.
Goal of Bill and Melinda Gates foundation is to
prevent more than 11 million deaths, 3.9 million
disabilities, and 264 million illnesses by 2020
through high, equitable, and sustainable vaccine
coverage and support for polio eradication.
38
39. D. HEALTH PRODUCT PRODUCTION
ESTABLISHMENT
Technology
Special attention should be given to GMP
MHM-Sanitary pads,
Diabetes: food manufacturing, BP checker, …
IPD: Vaccines,
Malnutrition: super floor, balanced diet
restaurant
39
40. D. HEALTH PRODUCT PRODUCTION
ESTABLISHMENT
Technology
You tube series on public health
Online newspapers on Health (swastha Khabar
Patrika)
Journals
Blogs
40
41. D. HEALTH PRODUCT PRODUCTION
ESTABLISHMENT
Temp Traq offers a patch-like smart device, which
monitors body temperature 24/7.
It continuously senses, records, and sends temperature
data to mobile devices so caregivers can keep track
without unnecessarily disturbing the child.
41
42. D. HEALTH PRODUCT
PRODUCTION ESTABLISHMENT
QardioCore promises a discrete as
well as easily usable heart monitor
without patches and wires.
The FDA-approved, medical-grade
wearable uses sensors to record
clinically accurate continuous
ECG, heart rate, heart rate
variability, respiratory rate, skin
temperature, and activity data. 42
43. E. PUBLIC HEALTH CONSULTANCY
AGENCIES
1. Consultancies for health research
Tool development,
Intervention design,
Monitoring and Evaluation
Baseline and End line survey
Data analysis
Proposal development and technical assistance
Eg. New ERA (NGO)
2. Establishment of health promotion centre.
43
44. E. PUBLIC HEALTH CONSULTANCY
AGENCIES
Health Consultancy for technical assistance
(TA) on different areas
Nutrition, Meat inspection/food inspection
Reproductive health, Family planning,
Safe motherhood
Occupational health and safety
Environmental health management
Monitoring water quality
Monitoring drug quality
Quality of care 44
45. E. PUBLIC HEALTH CONSULTANCY AGENCIES
Information centre
Public Health Information Centre (PHIC)
Training institution
Technical assistance,
Formal training course/ informal training course
45
47. F. FITNESS CENTERS
Fitness services is defined as “the overall intangible
activities based on physical activities that create value
for individuals by offering them physical,
psychological, social and economic benefits”.
47
48. F. FITNESS CENTERS
Limited motion lifestyle that today’s consumers face
due to mechanization and automation, has led
significant consumer interest in fitness center (FC)
offerings as a way to compensate the lost physical
activities.
48
49. F. FITNESS CENTERS
There have been continuous increases in the number
of participants of the FCs in the US and Nepal
where FCs has been rapidly proliferating around the
globe.
Recent economic successes and increases in the
national income of Turkish consumers along with the
effective marketing efforts of sports and physical
activity services might also be contributing to this
trend. [6]
49
52. OTHERS
Waste management
Diffetent Pvt. Ltd is managing health care waste and
municipal solid waste.
Water Supply
Promotion of filters/ water purifiers
Eg. Environmental and public health organization of
Nepal (ENPHO)working in WASH sector and
emphasis in water filtration.
52
53. OTHERS
Health education materials production
Training manuals development
Message mapping
Designing and development hoarding board,
poster, pamphlet, flip chart related to health
Electronic health
-Mobile apps (SMS, APPS)
-Electronic health records (BMI)
- Telemedicine
53
54. BENEFITS OF PUBLIC HEALTH
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Economic Growth
Productivity
New technologies, products and services
Marketplace change
Improved health status and wellbeing
54
55. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
Why the status of Public Health
Entrepreneurship is very low in Nepal?
What are the barriers of Public Health
Entrepreneurship in Nepal?
55
56. SOCIAL MARKETING
It is a marketing strategy modeled after corporate
marketing, used by health professionals to develop
successful health messages.
Many different definitions of social marketing exist,
but most have these common components:
The adoption of strategies used by commercial
marketers.
A goal of promoting voluntary behavior change (not
just improved knowledge or awareness).
An end goal of improving personal or societal welfare.
The use of pro-health messages.
Eg. ORS, Iodized salt
56
57. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS: SOME EXAMPLES
Social entrepreneurs work for society.
Monetary benefits is not subject of priority.
For examples:
Mahabir Pun, pioneer of wireless technologies to
develop remote areas of the himalayas.
Anuradha Koirala, founder of Maiti Nepal, provides
shelter to the sexually violated, trafficked and
helpless women.
Sanduk Ruit provides eye surgery facility in low cost
to thousands of poor cataract patients across the
globe.
57
58. CONCLUSION
Entrepreneurship involves initiating changes in
production and finally entrepreneurs create value
Success is measured by improved health outcome,
change in social environment, and sustainable
programming.
Debate on Public Health Entrepreneurship inherently
anti entrepreneurial vs. offers opportunities for
entrepreneurship.
Bring positive change to achieve improved health
status 58
59. RECOMMENDATION
For beginners of public health entrepreneurship, it is
recommended to review the Public Health Innovation
matrix.
59
60. REFERENCES
1. Dahal A, A textbook of Health
Management.Bhotahity Kathmandu:vidyarthi Pustak
Bhandar;2012.
2. Scott Frank, Kristina Knight, Gayle Effron.
Reinventing Behavior Change through Public
Health Entrepreneurship. United states: Case
Western Reserve University;2007.
3. Hanlon. Public Health Administration
60
61. REFERENCES
4. Hernanden D, Carrion D, Perotte A, Fullilove R.
Public Health Entrepreneurship Training in the next
Generation of Public Health Innovators. New York:
Association of Schools and Program of Public Health;
2014 Dec. Vol (129).
5. Annual report FY 2073/74 (2016/17).Teku
Kathmandu :Social Health Insurance Program. Social
Health Security Development Committee: 2017
Oct.89p.
61
62. REFERENCES
6. Yildiz SM. An importance-performance analysis of
fitness centre service quality: Empirical results from
fitness centres in Turkey. African Journal of Business
Management. 2011 Aug 18;5(16):7031.
7. Australia F. Let's get physical: The economic
contribution of fitness centres in Australia. Economic
Pt Limited[Online] https://secure. ausport.
gov.data/assets/pdf_file/0007/459880/FitnessAust_Eco
nomicContribu tionFitnessCentresAustralia. pdf
[Accessed 28th October 2012]. 2009 Jul.
8. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016
62