Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia pseudomallei are opportunistic pathogens found in soil and water. P. aeruginosa commonly causes hospital-acquired infections while B. pseudomallei causes melioidosis. P. aeruginosa produces virulence factors like exotoxins and enzymes that damage host cells. B. pseudomallei commonly presents as pneumonia or sepsis with metastatic abscesses. Diagnosis involves culture and serology, and treatment requires prolonged courses of antibiotics like meropenem, ceftazidime, or co-trimoxazole.
openings allow microbial colonization of the central nervous systemRotRot8
Therefore, the CNS is an arsenic environment-it has no normal microbiota.
Pathogens may access the CNS
through breaks in the bones and meninges,
Through medical procedures such as spinal taps, or by traveling via axonal transport in peripheral neurons in the CNS.
Zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis
Infects primarily herbivores- goats, sheep, cattle, horses and swine
Human infections - contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products
Human infections rarely via the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts
openings allow microbial colonization of the central nervous systemRotRot8
Therefore, the CNS is an arsenic environment-it has no normal microbiota.
Pathogens may access the CNS
through breaks in the bones and meninges,
Through medical procedures such as spinal taps, or by traveling via axonal transport in peripheral neurons in the CNS.
Zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis
Infects primarily herbivores- goats, sheep, cattle, horses and swine
Human infections - contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products
Human infections rarely via the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts
This seminar consisits of description of various bacterial diseases along with their oral manifestations,diagnosis and treatment.an addition of suitable case reports for better understanding and associated disorders
Pseudomonas is a type of bacteria that can cause infections. Pseudomonas is a common genus of bacteria, which can create infections in the body under certain circumstances. There are many different types of Pseudomonas bacteria
This seminar consisits of description of various bacterial diseases along with their oral manifestations,diagnosis and treatment.an addition of suitable case reports for better understanding and associated disorders
Pseudomonas is a type of bacteria that can cause infections. Pseudomonas is a common genus of bacteria, which can create infections in the body under certain circumstances. There are many different types of Pseudomonas bacteria
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
2. • Species from genera Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and
Stenotrophomonas were all previously classified in the Pseudomonas
genus.
• P.aeruginosa also known as Burkhoderia aeruginosa
• P. cepacia renamed Burkhoderia cepacia
• P. maltophilia renamed Xanthomonas maltophilia, now named
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
• P. pseudomallei also known as Burkhoderia pseudomallei
3. Epidemiology & Transmission
• Found mainly in soil and water
• Present as normal flora of colon in 10% of people
• Can colonize upper respiratory tract of hospitalized patients
• Contaminating respiratory therapy and anaesthesia equipment, intravenous fluid,
distilled water due to its ability to grow in simple aqueous solution
• Primarily an opportunistic pathogen causing infection:
o In hospitalized patient (e.g. in burn patient), in whom skin host defense destroyed
o In chronic respiratory disease patient (e.g. cystic fibrosis), in whom normal clearance
mechanism impaired
o In immunosuppressed patient
o In patient with neutrophil count <500/uL
o In patient with indwelling catheter
4. Properties
• Gram negative rod
• Strict aerobe
• Non-fermenters (derived energy only by oxidation of sugar rather by
fermentation)
• Oxidase-positive (oxidation involves electron transport by cytochrome c)
• Able to grow in water containing traces of nutrients (e.g. tap water) –
favors their persistence in hospital environment
• Remarkable ability to withstand disinfectant hospital acquired infection
• Found growing in hexachlorophene-containing soap solution, in antiseptic
and in detergent
5. • Produces 2 pigments
1. Pyocyanin – color the pus in a wound blue
2. Pyoverdin (fluorescein) – a yellow-green pigment that fluoresces
under UV light – can be used in early detection of skin infection in
burn patient
• P aeruginosa the only Pseudomonas species synthesizes pyocyanin
• P aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patient have a prominent
slime layer (glycocalyx) , giving colonies a very mucoid appearance
• Slime layer mediates adherence of the organism to mucous
membranes of respiratory tract and prevents antibody from binding
to the organism
6. Virulence Factor
• Endotoxin
- Causes symptoms of sepsis and septic shock
• Exotoxin
- Exotoxin A causes tissue necrosis
- Inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis by ADP ribosylation of elongation
factor-2 (same mechanism as diphteria exotoxin)
• Enzymes
- Elastase and proteases – histotoxic and facilitates invasion of organism into
bloodstream
- Pyocyanin – damages the cilia and mucosal cells of the respiratory tract
7. • “Type III secretion system”
- Significantly more virulent than those that do not
- Transfer the exotoxin grom the bacterium directly into adjacent
human cell, which allows toxin to avoid neutralizing antibody
- The secretion system mediated by transport pump in bacterial cell
membrane
- 4 exoenzyme known to be transported
- Exo S most clearly associated with virulence, most important mode of
action is ADP-ribosylation of a Ras protein -> damage to cytoskeleton
8. Clinical Picture
• Urinary tract infection
• Pneumonia especially in cystic fibrosis patient
• Wound infection especially in burn patient
• Hospital acquired pneumonia – especially ventilator-associated pneumonia
• Sepsis
• Ecthyma gangrenosum – spread to skin causing black, necrotic lesion
• Endocarditis in IVDU
• Severe otitis media (malignant otitis media) and skin lesion (e.g. folliculitis) – in
users of swimming pool and hot tub with inadequate chlorination
• Osteomyelitis of the foot – most common organism, occurs in those who sustain
puncture wounds through soles of gym shoes
• Corneal infection – in contact lenses users
9. Laboratory Diagnosis
• MacConkey’s, EMB agar: non-lactose-fermenting (colorless) colonies
• Oxidase positive
• TSI agar: typical metallic shine
• Nutrient agar: blue-green and a fruity aroma
• Identification for epidemiologic purpose: bacteriophage, pyocin
typing
10. Treatment
• Resistant to many antibiotics
• Antipseudomonal penicillin (piperacillin/tazobactam ,
ticarcillin/clavunate) + aminoglycoside (gentamicin or amikacin)
• Ceftazidime – also effective
• Colistin (polymyxin E) – highly resistant stains
• Ciprofloxacin – drug of choice for UTI
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) – infections caused
by B.cepacian, S.maltophilia
12. Epidemiology & Transmission
• Causes meliodosis
• Rare disease found primarily in Southeast Asia
• Found in soil
• Transmission
1. Inhalation of contaminated dust particles (increased cases during rainy
season)
2. Direct contact with contaminated soil and water through penetrating
wounds, existing skin abrasions, burns
3. Aspiration of contaminated water
4. Ingestion of contaminated water
13. Clinical Features
• Incubation period 1-21 days (mean 9 days) but can be as long as
months and even years
• Present acutely with rapid progression and death or run a chronic and
relapsing course
14. Common Presentation
• Pneumonia
- Most common presentation + multiple abcesses in liver, spleen and
prostate
• Septicaemia
⁻ Metastatic foci of infection are established rapidly during
bacteraemia, particularly in the lungs (multifocal pneumonia, which
may cavitate), liver, spleen and kidneys (multiple abscesses), skin and
soft tissues (cellulitis, pustules), bones and joints, lymph nodes and
prostate, although any site may be affected.
15. Other presentations
• Soft tissue infection: cellulitis, fasciitis, skin abscess/ulcer
• Intra abdominal: single or multiple abscesses in the liver, spleen, kidney or
pancreas
• Bone and joint infection: osteomyelitis, septic arthritis (musculoskeletal
meliodosis)
• Genitourinary: prostatic abscess
• CNS infection: cerebral abscess, meningoencephalitis, encephalomyelitis
• Facial: suppurative parotitis
• Ocular infection: conjunctival ulcer, hypopyon, orbital cellulitis
16. • Asymptomatic infection (positive serology up to 50% of healthy adults
in endemic countries)
• Overall mortality of bacteraemic meliodosis approaches 100% if
untreated, reduced to 37-54% with optimal management and
aggressive intensive care
• Localised meliodosis – lower mortality rate (4-5%)
18. • Gram negative rod
• Safety pin appearance on M/E
• Obligate aerobe
19. Treatment
• General treatment include I&D of abscess
• Antibiotics
INTENSIVE THERAPY
Life threatening melioidosis
• IV Meropenem 1g TDS, OR IV Imipenem 1g TDS x 2 weeks (4-8 weeks for deep infection)
• May add adjunct abx; co-trimoxazole (Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole) 3-4 tab BD (for severe infection
and for deep focal infection: bone, joint, prostate and neurological involvement) + Folic acid 5 mg OD
Other melioidosis
• IV Ceftazidime 2g TDS
Localized superficial melioidosis
• T. Augmentin (500mg/125mg) TDS x 12-20 weeks
20. ERADICATION THERAPY
• Oral Co-trimoxazole (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) 2-4 tab BD and
Doxycycline 100mg BD x 20 weeks (standard oral combination
regime); OR
• T Augmentin 2 tab TDS x 20 weeks - in pregnant women, allergic to
co-trimoxazole