Pseudo families form in prisons to fulfill emotional and economic needs of inmates. They typically consist of 15-20 people assuming familial roles like mother, father, siblings. Pseudo families provide companionship, resources, and protection from loneliness and violence. However, they can also be a source of conflict through jealousy, coercion, and retaliation between members. Rivalries often form over control of goods and power within the prison system.
Slut Shaming, Victim Blaming and Harassment on Social MediaBailey Parnell
"Bailey Parnell & Tesni Ellis
Slut Shaming, Victim Blaming and Sexual Harassment on Social Media
This session will discuss the forms of violence against women, and projects that seek to combat such violence that take place in the online world. The talk will discuss rape culture and the forms of harassment that women and youth experience online, from threatening trolls to discourses that blame victims of sexual assault to women in the gaming industry.
We will also look at feminist projects and trends that use social media to educate, rally and combat the harassment experienced both online and offline, including groups like SlutWalk, the Everyday Sexism Project and trends like #YesAllWomen and #BeenRapedNeverReported. Join us as we discuss rape culture’s presence on social media and contemplate methods to change the cultural consciousness.
With Bailey Parnell and Tesni Ellis, Ryerson Student Affairs Creative Unit.
ASL provided. If you require any other accommodations, please let us know."
There are those of us who believe that our children will always reach out when they've been hurt and that they know to do this because that's what we taught them do. Sometimes, the guilt and shame associated with being physically abused takes all of our child's lessons and tosses them to the ground. Not only that, it is simply super difficult to "read" people who don't routinely share their feelings with us...or is it? Please review this presentation and then either get help for yourself or for anyone you even suspect is being abused.
Before it's too late.
Please.
Exploring Implications of the Impact of Mental Health Issues on Those Experiencing Domestic Violence in Same Sex and/or Trans Relationships, Catherine Donovan - a presentation at the A Difficult Alliance? Making Connections between Mental Health and Domestic Violence Research and Practice Agendas on 7 June 2011
What is domestic violence? What are the signs of domestic abuse? How can you get help for spousal abuse in New Jersey? Find out what are crimes of domestic violence and the legal process in NJ. Learn about temporary restraining orders, who can get them, how to get them. Find out why timing is important in getting a final restraining order for a domestic violence matter. Learn how to help yourself or a loved one in this guide for domestic violence victims and their families, from Weinberger Law Group.
1
2
In earlier times, family violence was largely invisible. In recent In earlier times, family violence was largely invisible. In recent
decades there has been more recognition of the problems and study
of the causes and consequences. Nevertheless, family violence
remains hidden much of the time. The fact that it is hidden reflects the
fact that vulnerable populations do not have the ability to expose the
perpetrator or access effective help from the larger society.
3
As a form of direct violence, family violence involves deliberate injury to the
4
integrity of human life. This injury can be physical and/or psychological.
•Family violence can include restrictions on the activities, and even the
thoughts, of the victims, and actual physical constraints.
•Brutality includes battering and other forms of maltreatment, torture, rape,
etc.
•Homicide involve the illegal taking of a life.
•American society and other industrialized societies are patriarchal. In fact
patriarchy has been the norm for most societies. In earlier societies, the
patriarchal head of the household had tremendous power over the other
members of the family. For example, in British Common Law and in the
American colonies there was a “rule of thumb” which stated that a man could
not beat his wife with a stick whose circumference was larger than that of his
thumb. In fact, homicide was often an option and/or a reality. The
persistence of such practices as “honor killings” and female genital
mutilation reflect the persistence of this level of patriarchy in some societies
and families.
•Power implies inequality. To the extent that power and control form a part
of the self-concept of the head of the household or the breadwinner, we see
a tendency for that power to be abused, especially when the abuser feels
inadequate or when their power is threatened.
•Unequal power relationships reflect the norms and values of a society.
Ideas about the appropriate roles to play and the behaviors associated with
these roles result in the creation and perpetuation of relative powerlessness
in certain categories of the population. In addition, the victimization of such
categories tends to be invisible because they have little or not recourse
against the abusive behavior of the dominant member(s) of the family.
5
This abuse of power and control and the invisibility associated with it create
several particularly vulnerable populations, categories of people. Children several particularly vulnerable populations, categories of people. Children
are, of course, the most vulnerable. Human beings remain dependent upon
their caretakers for many years after their birth. They must have their
physical needs met and learn the skills necessary to function in human
society. They rely upon their caretakers to teach them the skills necessary
to form an identity and to define and explain the world around them. Social
s.
Slut Shaming, Victim Blaming and Harassment on Social MediaBailey Parnell
"Bailey Parnell & Tesni Ellis
Slut Shaming, Victim Blaming and Sexual Harassment on Social Media
This session will discuss the forms of violence against women, and projects that seek to combat such violence that take place in the online world. The talk will discuss rape culture and the forms of harassment that women and youth experience online, from threatening trolls to discourses that blame victims of sexual assault to women in the gaming industry.
We will also look at feminist projects and trends that use social media to educate, rally and combat the harassment experienced both online and offline, including groups like SlutWalk, the Everyday Sexism Project and trends like #YesAllWomen and #BeenRapedNeverReported. Join us as we discuss rape culture’s presence on social media and contemplate methods to change the cultural consciousness.
With Bailey Parnell and Tesni Ellis, Ryerson Student Affairs Creative Unit.
ASL provided. If you require any other accommodations, please let us know."
There are those of us who believe that our children will always reach out when they've been hurt and that they know to do this because that's what we taught them do. Sometimes, the guilt and shame associated with being physically abused takes all of our child's lessons and tosses them to the ground. Not only that, it is simply super difficult to "read" people who don't routinely share their feelings with us...or is it? Please review this presentation and then either get help for yourself or for anyone you even suspect is being abused.
Before it's too late.
Please.
Exploring Implications of the Impact of Mental Health Issues on Those Experiencing Domestic Violence in Same Sex and/or Trans Relationships, Catherine Donovan - a presentation at the A Difficult Alliance? Making Connections between Mental Health and Domestic Violence Research and Practice Agendas on 7 June 2011
What is domestic violence? What are the signs of domestic abuse? How can you get help for spousal abuse in New Jersey? Find out what are crimes of domestic violence and the legal process in NJ. Learn about temporary restraining orders, who can get them, how to get them. Find out why timing is important in getting a final restraining order for a domestic violence matter. Learn how to help yourself or a loved one in this guide for domestic violence victims and their families, from Weinberger Law Group.
1
2
In earlier times, family violence was largely invisible. In recent In earlier times, family violence was largely invisible. In recent
decades there has been more recognition of the problems and study
of the causes and consequences. Nevertheless, family violence
remains hidden much of the time. The fact that it is hidden reflects the
fact that vulnerable populations do not have the ability to expose the
perpetrator or access effective help from the larger society.
3
As a form of direct violence, family violence involves deliberate injury to the
4
integrity of human life. This injury can be physical and/or psychological.
•Family violence can include restrictions on the activities, and even the
thoughts, of the victims, and actual physical constraints.
•Brutality includes battering and other forms of maltreatment, torture, rape,
etc.
•Homicide involve the illegal taking of a life.
•American society and other industrialized societies are patriarchal. In fact
patriarchy has been the norm for most societies. In earlier societies, the
patriarchal head of the household had tremendous power over the other
members of the family. For example, in British Common Law and in the
American colonies there was a “rule of thumb” which stated that a man could
not beat his wife with a stick whose circumference was larger than that of his
thumb. In fact, homicide was often an option and/or a reality. The
persistence of such practices as “honor killings” and female genital
mutilation reflect the persistence of this level of patriarchy in some societies
and families.
•Power implies inequality. To the extent that power and control form a part
of the self-concept of the head of the household or the breadwinner, we see
a tendency for that power to be abused, especially when the abuser feels
inadequate or when their power is threatened.
•Unequal power relationships reflect the norms and values of a society.
Ideas about the appropriate roles to play and the behaviors associated with
these roles result in the creation and perpetuation of relative powerlessness
in certain categories of the population. In addition, the victimization of such
categories tends to be invisible because they have little or not recourse
against the abusive behavior of the dominant member(s) of the family.
5
This abuse of power and control and the invisibility associated with it create
several particularly vulnerable populations, categories of people. Children several particularly vulnerable populations, categories of people. Children
are, of course, the most vulnerable. Human beings remain dependent upon
their caretakers for many years after their birth. They must have their
physical needs met and learn the skills necessary to function in human
society. They rely upon their caretakers to teach them the skills necessary
to form an identity and to define and explain the world around them. Social
s.
Presentation by Chris Jennings, Disability Project Worker from Women's Domestic Violence Crisis Service. This presentation was delivered to DVRCV's 'Sowing the seeds of change' forum for and by women with disabilities.
Sex is good, healthy, natural. And yet, we managed to transform the act of making love and babies in one of the most sinful activity on the planet.
Our sex education is now mostly done through male-gaze porn.
Lingering myths about menstruation and sexuality lead to terrible consequences. And women even experience an orgasm gap!
So how do we shift the sex balance? How do we promote more sex positivity and happiness?
Running head Operation HopeOperation Hope2Safe Ha.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: Operation Hope
Operation Hope 2
Safe Haven
Sherry Best
Grantham University
April 8, 2016
Everyone has the right to a life without abuse or the fear of living through violence circumstances on a daily basis. Safe Haven has been in operation since 1983, it is an organization that serve as a shelter for victims of domestic violence and sexual abuse. In Mississippi this organization serves several counties such as Lowndes, Oktibbeha, Clay, Monroe, Choctaw, Webster, Attala, Montgomery, Calhoun and Chickasaw. The website, WomenShelter.org provides access to finding shelters for those who are in need of these facilities quickly. Shelters offer refuge to abuse victims, but they also operate Hotlines, which are there in most cases so that the victims can find the resources for help and even just to have someone to talk too. They offer shelter, and also they assist with transitional housing, family shelters for those who have children, residential treatments centers, with other residential services for women. Furthermore, Safe Haven shelters are located in many state worldwide (Safe Haven Columbus Ms - Domestic Violence Shelter, 2016).
Suppling a safe haven or place to the women and children in our communities from domestic violence and abuse should be the responsibility of every society and culture. Even through there are numerous shelters within our communities that offer victims of violence and abuse a place of safety, but there are large recorded fatalities of violence against women, and the numbers are enormously higher than that of men.
The number of American troops killed in Afghanistan and Iraq between 2001 and 2012 was recorded as 6,488, whereas the number of American women documented as murdered by current or ex male partners during the same time period was 11,766. This example shows there have been more fatalities in violence against women than that of military fatalities during the war. Statistics illustrates that 85 percent of domestic violence is women and around 15 percent will be men (Vagianos, 2014).
The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence accounts the role of the victim and the fact that they must find alternate living arrangements as fast as possible, which could offer the protection needed against their abusers. We understand that domestic violence is the essence of willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other forms of abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control that is perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. This could include physical or sexual violence, and also psychological and emotional abuse. The regularity and harshness of the abuse can differ significantly, but nevertheless the one constant component of domestic violence or abuse is one partner’s unfailing efforts to maintain power and dominates over the other partner (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2016).
Violence against women includes all ...
Covers the causes, theories and recommendations for domestic violence. Also has many real life domestic violence stories that has occurred in Pakistan.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
Visit Now: https://www.tumblr.com/trademark-quick/751620857551634432/ensure-legal-protection-file-your-trademark-with?source=share
2. What is a pseudo family?
• Definition: A family that isn’t related to you, but pretends to care
about you.
• AKA “state families”
• Most common in medium security prisons
• 15-20 people usually
• Males: Gang vs Female: Families
• Permanent, stable ones exist
• Secondary, temporary ones also exist
3. Why join?
• Emotional support
Cope with loneliness, need for companionship
Being in prison magnifies loss of child and are need of support systems
• Economic support
Obtain canteen/contraband
• Protection
• Boredom
• Lack of privacy
• Forced association
• Stats: 69% of all females participate in pseudo families (Silvia, 2014)
4. Roles
• Breakdown: 2% male, 2% both, 45% female (of which: 31% sister, 13%
mom and 18% daughter) and 51% are neither (Silvia, 2014)
• Mother: Older, more experienced in prison, provides advice and
listens to the family
• Husbands: Offer protection in exchange for sex
5. • In women’s prisons, the relationships are usually consensual with the
very feminine considered femmes while the manlier ones who exhibit
male behaviors are considered studs, broads and butches
• In male prisons, a Wolf is considered the more aggressive partner,
while the punk/fag is considered to be the submissive one
• Pseudo families allow familial roles to be establish and thus provide
marriage and divorces as well
6. • Inmates adjust to prison by forming homosexual alliances with
compatible partners and conform their appearance based off the
assumptions of the role
• Female pseudo families have parents, children, grandparents, aunts
and cousins.
• Other roles include: husband, wives, sisters, brothers, daughters and
sons.
• Male inmates turn to homosexual relationships to cope with their
situations. The male inmate provides protection and the male wife
obtains goods for the man.
7. Conflict
• Dad provides food, economic gain and protection and due to this
creates rivalries
• Canteen punks and box whores usually exchange favors in exchange
for goods raising the issue over it being consensual due to coercion
and since most of the women in prison have been de-sensitized to
sexual coercion they don’t distinguish it from other forms of
relationships
• If someone wrongs a member of the pseudo family, there is usually
retaliatory sexual assaults on the person who has done those acts
8. • Male wives in prison creates jealousy and conflict
• This creates: Propositioning (no threats), players (threaten others),
gorillas (attempt to rape others)
• These situations cause chronic anxiety, depression, suicidal intentions
and self-isolation. The victim then has the dilemma of reporting the
aggressor, because if he does he is given the label “snitch” and is
open to reprisals of sexual aggressions, with the alternative to this
being protective custody which limits all activities, forcing the victim
to take it out on their own and fight or submit to the abuse.
9. • Women bring all of their outside experiences into the pseudo family
which includes violence, abuse and even victimization
• The higher the difference in economic status in prison, causes power
differentials because the more money you have the more power you
have
• Suffer from perception that no one can be trusted, because they are
easily manipulated
10. Gangs
• Formal (real)
• The Mexican Mafia controls gambling and prostitution in prison while
the Aryan Brotherhood is responsible for 18% of murders in prison.
• Informal
Race, address, crime status
11. Power and Control Wheel Applied
• Economic abuse: Victim forced to give the abuser all of their goods at the
shop
• Emotional abuse: Victim loses all power and status if they stop talking to
the family, when a new member is introduced they are usually indebted to
the one who introduced them and that person tries to control who they
have contact with
• Psychological abuse: Victims are taunted and made to feel shame, guilt
while enhancing the feelings of being alone, isolated and dependent on
someone else
• Using coercion and threats: pseudo families can threaten to have a victim
moved from the prison, cause them to lose their release date or get them
in trouble
12. • Intimidation, using others: Pseudo families tend to use each other to
intimidate other members of the prison in order to get what they
want
Privilege: One of the members in the prison wants to be the focal
point of the relationship
13. Stages of Violence
• According to Muscat (2008), there is the tension building phase. In
this phase, there is usually verbal alterations, disrespect, no
communication, jealousy and controlling behavior frequently occurs.
Then there is the acute battery incident. In this phase, there is
kicking, punching, biting, strangulation, sodomy, sexual assaults,
throwing the victim against objects and throwing objects at the
victim. Then finally there is the honeymoon phase. Here they usually
apologize for the actions that have taken place and usually engage in
sexual behaviors.
14.
15. References
• ABC News. (2004). Inside a maximum security women’s prison. Retrieved from:
http://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/story?id=227295&page=1
• Amnesty International. (2005).Violence against women: A fact sheet. Retrieved from:
https://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/vaw_fact_sheet.pdf
• Auds. (2006). “Pseudo Family”. Retrieved from: http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=pseudo+family
• Bedard, L. (2008). Female vs. male inmates: The rewards and challenges of managing both. Retrieved from:
http://www.correctionsone.com/corrections/articles/1843155-Female-vs-male-inmates-The-rewards-and-challenges-of-
managing-both/
• Bedard, L. (2009). The pseudo-family phenomenon in women’s prisons. Retrieved from: http://www.correctionsone.com/jail-
management/articles/1956587-The-pseudo-family-phenomenon-in-womens-prisons/
• Benedict, R. (2009). Giving back not giving up: Generativity among older female inmates. Retrieved from:
http://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1630&context=utk_graddiss
16. • Bowker, L. (1981). Gender differences in prisoner subcultures. Retrieved from:
https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=93442
• Department of Corrections Washington State. (2015). Prison life-Glossary of prison terms and
staff titles. Retrieved from: http://www.doc.wa.gov/family/offenderlife/facilitystaff.asp
• Fleisher, M. & Krienert, J. (2006). The culture of prison sexual violence. Retrieved from:
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/216515.pdf
• Forsyth, C. & Evans, R.(2003). Reconsidering the pseudo-family/gang gender distinction in prison
research. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology,18. Retrieved from:
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02802604#/page-1
• Greer, K. (2000). The changing nature of interpersonal relationships in a women’s prison. The
Prison Journal, 80. Retrieved from:
https://www.wcl.american.edu/endsilence/documents/interpersonalrelationshipsinwomenspriso
ns.pdf
• Heitmann, E. (2007). Finding pseudo families in women’s prisons: Fact and fantasy. Retrieved
from: https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/handle/10355/4940
17. • Jensen, G. & Jones, D. (1976). Perspective on inmate culture: A study of women in prison. Social Forces, 54.
Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2576284?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
• Kelley, M. (2014). America’s 11 most powerful prison gangs. Business Insider. Retrieved from:
http://www.businessinsider.com/most-dangerous-prison-gangs-in-the-us-2014-2
• Kohan, J. (Producer). (2013). Orange is the New Black [Television series]. Tilted Production & Lionsgate
Television. Retrieved from: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2372162/
• Muscat, B. (2008). Violence and safety programs in women’s prisons and jails: Addressing prevention,
intervention and treatment. Retrieved from: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/225342.pdf
• Selling, L. (1931). The pseudo family. The American Journal of Sociology, 37. Retrieved from:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2766543?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
• Silvia, S. (2014). Pseudo families in female prisons [Prezi slides]. Retrieved from:
https://prezi.com/_mt7bczm_aqg/pseudo-families-in-female-prisons/
• Vidal, A. (2014). Women prisoners: Sex in prison is commonplace, the male inmates just hide it more than
girls. Retrieved from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-politics/10662145/Women-prisoners-
Sex-in-prison-is-commonplace-the-male-inmates-just-hide-it-more-than-girls.html
18. • Women and prison. Retrieved from:
http://womenandprison.weebly.com/life-in-prison.html
• Zaitzow, B. & Thomas, J. (2003). Women in Prison: Gender and Social
Control. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publisher, Inc. Retrieved from:
https://books.google.com/books?id=RyBF1WXXmckC&pg=PA113&lpg
=PA113&dq=pseudo+families&source=bl&ots=rUgT_8DK-
Q&sig=uwjJPm2SI7mGGGaGu1xY9NTMKhI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUK
EwiH34OnxsXLAhUENj4KHYquCAgQ6AEIdTAP#v=onepage&q=pseudo
%20families&f=false
Editor's Notes
Lack of visitation from outside family helps create this loneliness
Forced association causes them to feel vulnerable and join pseudo families to combat these
Males in prison join gangs instead formal (real), informal (race, address)
There are usually traditional (more feminine) roles and then male roles as well (more masculine)
It should be noted that all of these familial roles are considered to be temporary
This is done to construct a substitute universe to adapt to the roles lost in the real world