Vlsi design notes(1st unit) according to vtu syllabus.(BE)instrumentation_vtu
This document provides an introduction to MOS technology and CMOS fabrication. It discusses Moore's Law, the doubling of transistors every 18 months. It then describes the basic nMOS and pMOS transistor structures and their modes of operation. The document outlines the nMOS and CMOS fabrication processes, including masking, doping, and interconnection steps. It also introduces BiCMOS technology which combines bipolar and CMOS to provide higher speeds, and compares the properties of bipolar and CMOS technologies.
This document discusses grid architecture design. It covers building grid architectures, different types of grids like computational and data grids, common grid topologies including intra, extra, and inter grids. It also outlines the phases and activities in grid design like deciding the grid type, using a methodology of workshops, documentation, and prototyping. Finally, it discusses benefits of grids such as exploiting underutilized resources, enabling parallel processing and collaboration, improving access to and balancing of resources, and better reliability and management.
Gate Pulse Triggering of Single Phase Thyristor Circuit through Opto-CouplingNusrat Mary
The document discusses a thyristor-based controlled rectifier circuit for high voltage DC transmission. It uses opto-couplers to isolate the thyristor triggering circuit from the high voltage AC input. Simulation results using Proteus show that varying the firing angle of the thyristors produces rectified outputs with different voltage levels and ripple factors. Thyristors allow controlled rectification with benefits of efficiency and reliability over uncontrolled rectification for applications like HVDC transmission.
Temperature sensors can measure temperature through various methods like thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and thermistors. Thermocouples generate small voltages based on the temperature difference between two junctions of dissimilar metals. RTDs measure the change in electrical resistance of metals like platinum as temperature varies, while thermistors use semiconductors that exhibit large changes in resistance with temperature. The document discusses the construction, properties, and operating principles of these common temperature sensor types.
The document discusses propagation delay, rise/fall times, and transient response in digital circuits. It defines key timing parameters and describes how to model digital gates and wires as resistor-capacitor circuits to estimate delays. The RC model approximates transistor behavior with average resistance and capacitance values. Delay is calculated using techniques like Elmore delay, which sums the resistive and capacitive contributions of each node in the circuit. Examples show how to apply these techniques to calculate delays for common circuit structures.
This document provides guidance on understanding emotions. It discusses developing an emotional vocabulary to better understand feelings like joy, sadness, anger and guilt. It explains that emotions are complex and paradoxical, and advises becoming comfortable with these complexities. The key message is that having a more expansive emotional vocabulary allows us to better identify and express our inner experiences, and to build loving relationships with ourselves and others.
Vlsi design notes(1st unit) according to vtu syllabus.(BE)instrumentation_vtu
This document provides an introduction to MOS technology and CMOS fabrication. It discusses Moore's Law, the doubling of transistors every 18 months. It then describes the basic nMOS and pMOS transistor structures and their modes of operation. The document outlines the nMOS and CMOS fabrication processes, including masking, doping, and interconnection steps. It also introduces BiCMOS technology which combines bipolar and CMOS to provide higher speeds, and compares the properties of bipolar and CMOS technologies.
This document discusses grid architecture design. It covers building grid architectures, different types of grids like computational and data grids, common grid topologies including intra, extra, and inter grids. It also outlines the phases and activities in grid design like deciding the grid type, using a methodology of workshops, documentation, and prototyping. Finally, it discusses benefits of grids such as exploiting underutilized resources, enabling parallel processing and collaboration, improving access to and balancing of resources, and better reliability and management.
Gate Pulse Triggering of Single Phase Thyristor Circuit through Opto-CouplingNusrat Mary
The document discusses a thyristor-based controlled rectifier circuit for high voltage DC transmission. It uses opto-couplers to isolate the thyristor triggering circuit from the high voltage AC input. Simulation results using Proteus show that varying the firing angle of the thyristors produces rectified outputs with different voltage levels and ripple factors. Thyristors allow controlled rectification with benefits of efficiency and reliability over uncontrolled rectification for applications like HVDC transmission.
Temperature sensors can measure temperature through various methods like thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and thermistors. Thermocouples generate small voltages based on the temperature difference between two junctions of dissimilar metals. RTDs measure the change in electrical resistance of metals like platinum as temperature varies, while thermistors use semiconductors that exhibit large changes in resistance with temperature. The document discusses the construction, properties, and operating principles of these common temperature sensor types.
The document discusses propagation delay, rise/fall times, and transient response in digital circuits. It defines key timing parameters and describes how to model digital gates and wires as resistor-capacitor circuits to estimate delays. The RC model approximates transistor behavior with average resistance and capacitance values. Delay is calculated using techniques like Elmore delay, which sums the resistive and capacitive contributions of each node in the circuit. Examples show how to apply these techniques to calculate delays for common circuit structures.
This document provides guidance on understanding emotions. It discusses developing an emotional vocabulary to better understand feelings like joy, sadness, anger and guilt. It explains that emotions are complex and paradoxical, and advises becoming comfortable with these complexities. The key message is that having a more expansive emotional vocabulary allows us to better identify and express our inner experiences, and to build loving relationships with ourselves and others.
Presentació feta pels alumnes de la classe Mare Nostrum de cicle superior de l'escola L'Esqueix, de la ZER El Moianès Ponent a partir de les activitats fetes durant les colònies al Delta de l'Ebre.
This document outlines three projects for a tree festival celebration: recipes, crafts, and activities for young children. Project 1 focuses on providing recipes for food items related to trees. Project 2 involves craft activities using natural materials found in trees. Project 3 presents manual activities and games suitable for entertaining small children during the tree festival event.
Los niños ayudaron a plantar un árbol con sus padres y madres, lo cual fue muy divertido. Luego disfrutaron de galletas hechas por sus padres y madres, y plantaron su árbol salce junto con bolsas aromáticas.
The document discusses preparing pastries such as chocolate and jam fillings, and finishing decorating the pastries with icing or other toppings. The bakers are putting on the final details before enjoying their very cute and tasty creations.
Viceverba_appdelmes_0624_joc per aprendre verbs llatinsDaniel Fernández
Vice Verba és una aplicació educativa dissenyada per ajudar els estudiants de llatí a aprendre i practicar verbs llatins d'una manera interactiva i entretinguda.
3. Les comarques de Tarragona son
l'Alt Camp, el Baix Camp, el Baix
Ebre, el Baix Penedès, la Conca
de Barberà, la Ribera d'Ebre, el
Montsià, el Priorat, el Tarragonès
i la Terra Alta.
4. La capital de la província de Tarragona es la ciutat de Tarragona. Tarragona esta al sud
a la costa de Catalunya. El seu alcalde és Josep Fèlix Ballesteros, pertany al PSC
(Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya).
5. Primer dia: Anem al
“Port Aventura” (parc de
atraccions) tot el dia
Segon dia: Anem a la
platja de la ciutat de
Tarragona i per la tarda
a Reus a passejar.
Tercer dia: Anem al
Amfiteatre romà de
Tarragona ens
passegem per un
passeig Marítim. Quart
dia: Anem al nou estadi
del Nàstic Tarragona, i
per la tarda anem a
Torredembarra a
prendre un gelat
Cinquè dia: Anem a la
Pla de la Seu i per la
tarda anem al port de
Tarragona.
6. Pintor: Parlarem
l’escultor Joaquím
Chancho. Que va néixer
a Riudoms, Tarragona.
Desde 1962 fins a 1967
va estudiar en l'escola
superior de Belles Arts
Sant Jordi a Barcelona.
Obté el premi a la
pintura jove. Aquí hi ha
Unes pintures seves
Cantant: Lluís
Gavaldà i Roig.
Grup:”Els Pets”.
Cançó: Tarragona
M’esborrona.
Els Pets es va crear
el Nadal del 1985 a
Constantí, un poble
petit de Tarragona.
El seu primer disc
es diu “Els Pets”
https://www.youtube
.com/watch?
v=RSP4vH0f0iA
7. Mediterrani litoral. A la zona més propera a la costa. Amb
temperatures suaus a l'hivern i poc caloroses a l'estiu per l'efecte
suavitzador del mar. Hi plou poc però les pluges es concentren a
la primavera i tardor.
8. Primavera: Sant Jordi, es una gran
festa per als enamorats catalans. El
dia 23 d'abril a la Rambla Nova de
Tarragona, s'omple de roses i llibres.
Estiu: Sant Magí és el copatró de
Tarragona, i en honor seu se celebra
la festa major d'estiu.
Tardor: Santa Tecla. És la festa de les
festes. Una festa popular i
participativa que es va crear al 1321 i
que l'any 1996,
Hivern: Es celebra la festa de Nadal
també els Reis…