The document discusses seed propagation and germination. It describes the three main parts of seeds - the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. The seed coat protects the seed and prevents germination until conditions are suitable. For germination to occur, the seed must be viable, internal conditions must be favorable, and external environmental conditions like water, temperature, oxygen, and light must be present. Seed dormancy can be caused by unfavorable external conditions or internal inhibitory factors in the seed coat or embryo. The document also discusses various growing media that can be used like soil, coco peat, perlite and vermiculite.

1. Propagation By Seed

2. It’s Time
To
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3. Seed
● Most seeds are composed of three major parts: embryo, endosperm
(food storage) tissue, and a seed coat (protective tissue)
● The embryo is a miniature plant in a resting (dormant) state. Most
seeds contain a built-in food supply called the endosperm. The
protective outer covering of a seed is called the seed coat.
● It protects seeds from mechanical injury and from diseases and
insects. Also, the seed coat usually prevents water from entering the
seed until time to germinate. The seed coat in many cases allows
seeds to be stored for extended periods.

4. Development of seed

6. Germination
● Germination is the resumption of active embryo growth after a
dormant period. Three conditions must be satisfied for a seed to
germinate:
● The seed must be viable; that is, the embryo must be alive and
capable of germination.
● Internal conditions of the seed must be favorable for germination; that
is, any physical, chemical, or physiological barriers to germination
must have disappeared or must have been removed by the
propagator.
● The seed must be subjected to appropriate environmental conditions,
including water (moisture), proper temperature, oxygen, and, for
some species, light

8. Regions
Types of Seeds
Condition of growing
Characters
Plant modification according to
region

9. Factors affect Germination
● Water
● Light
● Oxygen
● temperature

10. Seed Germination

11. Seed Dormancy
● Viable seeds that do not germinate are dormant. Dormancy
can be regulated by the environment or by the seed itself. If a
seed is not exposed to sufficient moisture, proper temperature,
oxygen, or for some species, light, the seed will not germinate.
In this case, the seed's dormancy is caused by unfavorable
environmental conditions.
● Some seeds may not germinate because of some inhibitory
factor of the seed itself. This kind of dormancy consists of two
general types:
● (a) seed coat (or external) dormancy and
● (b) internal (endogenous) dormancy.

12. Growing Plants From seeds
● Media
● Containers
● Sterilizing container
● Sowing seed
● Water and light
● Hardening of plants
● transplantation

13. Soil
● Basic medium for the
plants
● Type of soil vary with
the selection of the
plants for terrarium.

14. Coco Peat
● Coco threads- coco
threads having the
filtration ability so it
can be utilized for the
filtration of the water
● Used as mesh in
between gravel and
sand.
● Coco peat- having the
moisture retaining
capacity.

15. Perlite
● it has high
permeability /
Optimum water
retention and helps
prevent soil
compaction.

16. vermiculite
● Add vermiculite to soil
for conditioning and
lightening either alone or
in conjunction with peat
or compost.
● Using vermiculite as
growing medium will also
enable the plant to more
easily absorb the
ammonium, potassium,
calcium and magnesium
necessary for vigorous
growth

17. vermiculite
● Add vermiculite to soil
for conditioning and
lightening either alone or
in conjunction with peat
or compost.
● Using vermiculite as
growing medium will also
enable the plant to more
easily absorb the
ammonium, potassium,
calcium and magnesium
necessary for vigorous
growth

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