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Propaganda
- 2. WHAT WE WILLCOVER • WHAT IS PROPAGANDA? • •NAZI PROPAGANDA • •GOEBBELS TASKS • •BURNING BOOKS • •FILM AND CINEMA • •AUDIENCES FOR PROPAGANDA
- 3. WHAT IS PROPAGANDA? •THE ART OF PERSUASION • • PERSUADING OTHERS THAT YOUR MILITARY MIGHT IS TOO GREAT TO BE CHALLENGED • • YOUR POLITICAL MIGHT WITHIN A NATION IS TOO GREAT OR POPULAR TO CHALLENGE ETC. • • HITLER IN MEIN KAMPF: “PROPAGANDA ATTEMPTS TO FORCE A DOCTRINE ON THE WHOLE PEOPLE. PROPAGANDA WORKS ON THE GENERAL PUBLIC FROM THE STANDPOINT OF AN IDEA AND MAKES THEM RIPE FOR THE VICTORY OF THIS IDEA” • • PROPAGANDAFOR THE MASSES HAD TO BE SIMPLE, AND APPEAL TO THE EMOTIONS
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- 5. NAZI PROPAGANDA METHODS •'MINISTRY FOR POPULAR ENLIGHTENMENT AND PROPAGANDA’ – JOSEF GOEBBELS • • RACISM, ANTI-SEMITISM AND ANTIBOLSHEVISM (ANTI-COMMUNISM) • • USED ART, MUSIC, THEATRE, FILMS, BOOKS, RADIO, EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS, AND THE PRESS • • ALL JOURNALISTS, WRITERS, AND ARTISTS HAD TO REGISTER WITH ONE OF THE MINISTRY
- 6. • The EternalJew poster used during the 1937 exhibition in Munich • The point was to create hatred towards the Jews • Named them as the protagonists of the communist Russian Revolution • Gave the people methods on how to identify them through: Asiatic and Middle Eastern characteristics • The exhibition ran through to January 1938 and attracted near to 5,000 visitors a day.
- 7. “THE ETERNAL JEW” •DEPICTED IN DARK COLOURS TO EMPHASISE ‘EVIL’ • TYPICAL DEPICTION INCLUDES LARGE NOSE FOR IDENTIFICATION PURPOSES AND WEARING THE MIDDLE EASTERN ‘KAFTAN’ • MONEY IN HAND EMPHASISES THAT THEY ARE SCHEMERS, THIEVES, SWINDLERS, PICKPOCKETS– NOT TO BE TRUSTED • HE HOLDS A WHIP TO INSTIGATE FEAR OF VIOLENCE, REINFORCE ANXIETIES OF THE JEWISH INVOLVEMENT IN EVERY DAY SOCIETY • UNDER HIS ARM IS A WORLD MAP STAMPED WITH THE COMMUNIST SYMBOL OF THE HAMMER AND SICKLE
- 8. JOSEF GOEBBEL’S TASKS •TO ENSURE NOBODY IN GERMANY COULD READ OR SEE ANYTHING THAT WAS HOSTILE OR DAMAGING TO THE NAZI PARTY. • • TO ENSURE THAT THE VIEWS OF THE NAZIS WERE PUT ACROSS IN THE MOST PERSUASIVE MANNER POSSIBLE. • • USED THE SS, THE GESTAPO AND ALBERT SPEER. • • THE SS AND GESTAPO HUNTED OUT THOSE WHO MIGHT PRODUCE ARTICLES DEFAMATORY TO THE NAZIS AND HITLER. • • SPEER HELPED GOEBBELS WITH PUBLIC DISPLAYS OF PROPAGANDA
- 9. THE BOOK THIEF •HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=YONJOKRFIFS
- 10. KNOWLEDGE IS POWER •MAY 1933 - GOEBBELS ORGANISED THE FIRST OF THE INFAMOUS BOOK BURNING EPISODES. • • BOOKS THAT DID NOT MATCH THE NAZI IDEAL WAS BURNT IN PUBLIC • • NAZIS RANSACKED LIBRARIES TO REMOVE THE 'OFFENDING' BOOKS. • • BERTOLT BRECHT SAID: "WHEREONE BURNS BOOKS, ONE EVENTUALLY BURNS PEOPLE"
- 11. THE MILGRIM EXPERIMENT •DR MILGRIM OF YALE UNIVERSITY OF PSYCHOLOGY CONDUCTED AN EXPERIMENT WHERE HE AUTHORISED AN ‘ASSISTANT’ TO ADMINISTER ELECTRIC SHOCKS TO A SUBJECT FOR LEARNING PURPOSES • EACH TIME THE ‘SUBJECT’ FAILED TO LEARN, THE ‘ASSISTANT’ WOULD ADMINISTER AN ELECTRIC SHOCK, GRADUALLY TURNING UP THE VOLTAGE AT THE DOCTORS COMMAND • IN THE NEXT ROOM THE ‘SUBJECT’ WOULD SCREAM IN PAIN AS THE BUTTON WAS PRESSED, FOOLING THE ‘ASSISTANT’ INTO THINKING THE EXPERIMENT WAS REAL • THE ‘ASSISTANT’ DID NOT QUESTION THE DOCTOR, EVEN AS THE VOLTAGE WAS TURNED UP TO THE POINT WHERE IT WOULD KILL A HUMAN BEING • MILGRIM’S EXPERIMENT WAS TO PROVE THAT A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE WOULD OBEY THE INSTRUCTIONS OF AN EXPERT DESPITE THE NOTION THAT THE ACTION WAS INHUMANE OR WRONG.
- 12. FILM AND CINEMA •• FILMS IMPORTANT IN DISSEMINATING RACIAL ANTI-SEMITISM, PORTRAYING JEWS AS "SUBHUMAN" CREATURES INFILTRATING ARYAN SOCIETY. • • SOME FILMS, SUCH AS "THE TRIUMPH OF THE WILL" BY LENI RIEFENSTAHL, GLORIFIED HITLER AND THE NAZIS. • • "FESTIVAL OF THE NATIONS" AND "FESTIVAL OF BEAUTY," BOTH DEPICTING THE 1936 BERLIN OLYMPIC GAMES, FOSTERED A SENSE OF NATIONAL PRIDE IN THE SUCCESSES OF THE NAZI REGIME. • • THE NAZIS CONTROLLED FILM PRODUCTION. • FILMS RELEASED CONCENTRATED ON CERTAIN ISSUES - THE JEWS - THE GREATNESS OF HITLER; - THE WAY OF LIFE FOR A TRUE NAZI
- 13. AUDIENCE FOR GERMANPROPAGANDA • NAZI PROPAGANDA BEFORE THE START OF WORLD WAR 2 HAD SEVERAL DISTINCT AUDIENCES: • - GERMAN AUDIENCES WERE CONTINUALLY REMINDED OF THE STRUGGLE OF THE NAZI PARTY AND GERMANY AGAINST FOREIGN ENEMIES AND INTERNAL ENEMIES, ESPECIALLY JEWS - ETHNIC GERMANS IN EASTERN EUROPE WERE TOLD THAT BLOOD TIES TO GERMANY WERE STRONGER THAN TO THEIR NEW COUNTRIES • - PEOPLE IN FRANCE AND BRITAIN WERE TOLD THAT GERMANY HAD NO QUARREL WITH THE PEOPLE OF THE COUNTRY, BUT THAT THEIR GOVERNMENTS WERE TRYING TO START A WAR WITH GERMANY - ALL AUDIENCES WERE REMINDED OF THE GREATNESS OF GERMAN CULTURAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND MILITARY ACHIEVEMENTS
- 14. EXAMPLE PARAGRAPH ONTHE THEME OF PROPAGANDA • IN THE THOUGHT PROVOKING NOVELLA ‘THE WAVE’ BY MORTON RHUE, THE READER IS INTRODUCED AND SHOWN THE DANGERS OF PROPAGANDA IN EVERY DAY SOCIETY. PROPAGANDA IS THE ‘ART OF PERSUASION’, MANIPULATING THE HUMAN MIND WITH THE USE OF ART, FILM AND LITERATURE TO INSTALL A POWERFUL BELIEF IN THE HUMAN PSYCHE. IN THE NOVELLA ‘THE WAVE’ MR ROSS USES HITLER’S METHODS TO CREATE A REGIME WITHIN HIS CLASSROOMSIMILAR TO THOSE IMPOSED TO CREATE NAZI GERMANY. MR ROSS CONVINCES HIS STUDENTS THAT ‘THE WAVE’ IS A FAMILY THAT STICK TOGETHER CREATING THE MANTRA; “STRENGTH THROUGH DISCIPLINE, STRENGTH THROUGH COMMUNITY, STRENGTH THROUGH ACTION.” THIS MANTRA IS A DIRECT PARALLEL TO ONE OF THE NAZI MANTRAS INSTATED BY HITLER “BLUT UND BODEN” (BLOOD AND SOIL). SIMILARLY, BOTH MANTRAS INSTALLED A SENSE OF PRIDE AND COMMUNITY WITHIN THEIR SUBJECTS, UNIFYING THEM AGAINST THE WORLD. IT IS IN THIS WAY THE MR ROSS AND HITLER WERE BOTH SO SUCCESSFUL IN BUILDING THEIR OWN ALLIEGENCE AND FOLLOWING, EMPHASISING THE DANGERS OF PROPAGANDA THAT STILL EXIST IN TODAY’S SOCIETY.