Projection of planes 026
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A circle with a diameter of 5 cm is positioned with its plane vertical and inclined at 30 degrees to the vertical plane. The circle's center is located 3 cm above the horizontal plane and 2 cm in front of the vertical plane. The summary shows the top-down and front projections of the circle along with its traces on the horizontal and vertical planes.
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Projection of planes 025
A regular hexagon with 25mm sides has one side lying in the horizontal plane and inclined at 60 degrees to the vertical plane. The surface of the hexagon is inclined at 45 degrees to the horizontal plane. To show the true shape, the vertical plane view will show the hexagon with one side vertical and the other sides projected accordingly. The initial position should assume the plane is parallel to the horizontal plane.
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A thin rectangular plate with dimensions 60 mm x 30 mm has its shorter side along the vertical plane and inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane. Its top view can be projected by first drawing its front view as a 30 mm square. The front view is then inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane to project the top view.
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A regular hexagon with a 40mm side has one corner located in the horizontal plane (HP). The surface containing this hexagon is inclined at 45 degrees to the HP and is perpendicular to the vertical plane (VP). When viewed from above, the diagonal passing through the corner in the HP makes an angle of 60 degrees with the VP. Draw the front, top, and side views of this hexagon and diagonal.
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The document provides instructions for drawing two projections of a circle resting on a horizontal plane (HP) that is inclined at 45 degrees to the HP.
In the first problem (12.8a), the top view shows the diameter AB making a 30 degree angle with the vertical plane (VP). In the second problem (12.8b), the true length (TL) of the diameter AB makes a 30 degree angle with the VP.
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Projection of planes 030
The document provides instructions for drawing the top view of a circular plate given its appearance as an ellipse in the front view. Specifically, it states that:
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Projection of planes 020
An isosceles triangle plate with a 50mm base and 70mm altitude is placed such that its front view appears as an equilateral triangle with 50mm sides and one side inclined at 45 degrees. To draw the top view: first draw the front view as an equilateral triangle; then draw one side of the front view inclined at 45 degrees to represent how that side appears from above; this gives the shape of the top view.
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A regular hexagonal plate with a 40 mm diameter hole at its center is drawn. The projections of the plate are shown when the surface is vertical and inclined at 30 degrees to the view plane. Key views include a top view, front view, and inclined view showing the hexagonal shape and centered circular hole from different angles.
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A thin rectangular plate with dimensions 60 mm x 30 mm has its shorter side along the vertical plane and inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane. Its top view can be projected by first drawing its front view as a 30 mm square. The front view is then inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane to project the top view.
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The document provides instructions for drawing two projections of a circle resting on a horizontal plane (HP) that is inclined at 45 degrees to the HP.
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Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1. Draw the top view of the rhombus with the longer diagonal horizontal at 100 mm.
2. This top view represents the true shape and size of the square in its top view.
3. Since the top view shows the true shape, the surface of the square must be parallel to the VP.
4. Draw the front view of the square below the top view, with the sides parallel to the XY line and of length 100 mm each.
5. The front view will also show the true shape and size of the square since its surface is parallel to the VP.
Therefore, the front view of the square is another square of side 100 mm, drawn
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The document provides instructions to draw a rhombus with diagonals measuring 100mm and 60mm, with the longer diagonal horizontal. It states that the rhombus is the top view of a square with 100mm diagonals. It then instructs the reader to draw the front view of the square.
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This document provides instructions for projecting plane figures given their position relative to the horizontal and vertical planes. It begins by describing what information is typically provided in projection problems involving planes: a description of the plane figure and its position relative to the HP and VP defined by an inclination. Common steps for solving these problems are outlined, including making initial assumptions, projecting the inclined surface, and projecting the inclined edge. An example problem of projecting a rectangle with a surface inclined to the HP and edge inclined to the VP is shown. The key steps of the procedure are to first draw projections assuming the initial position, then incorporate the surface inclination, and finally the edge inclination.
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For case (a): The plane makes an angle of 30° with the H.P.
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1. The tetrahedron rests on one edge on the HP, with one triangular face containing this edge in the VP.
2. In the first view, the tetrahedron is drawn with one edge perpendicular to the HP to obtain the true shape of the base.
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A square with a 50 mm side has its corner A in the horizontal plane. Its diagonal AC is inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane. The diagonal BD is inclined at 45 degrees to the vertical plane and parallel to the horizontal plane. The projections of the square are drawn with diagonal AC parallel to the horizontal plane and inclined at 30 degrees in the front view. Diagonal BD is inclined at 45 degrees to the vertical plane in both the front and top views.
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The document discusses various methods for projecting planes in engineering graphics. It provides step-by-step procedures for drawing projections of planes in different orientations and positions in space. Several example problems are presented with diagrams showing how to draw the front, top, and side views of planes such as rectangles, triangles, and other shapes in various orientations. Methods are described for determining the true shape, size, and angles between planes based on their given projections.
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Eg projection of plane
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1. Draw the top view of the rhombus with the longer diagonal horizontal at 100 mm.
2. This top view represents the true shape and size of the square in its top view.
3. Since the top view shows the true shape, the surface of the square must be parallel to the VP.
4. Draw the front view of the square below the top view, with the sides parallel to the XY line and of length 100 mm each.
5. The front view will also show the true shape and size of the square since its surface is parallel to the VP.
Therefore, the front view of the square is another square of side 100 mm, drawn
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The document outlines a 3-step procedure for solving problems involving inclined planes and surfaces:
1) Draw the front and top views assuming the surface is parallel to the reference plane.
2) Draw second front and top views considering the surface's true inclination.
3) Draw final front and top views accounting for any side/edge inclinations.
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This document provides instructions for determining the true shape of a triangular plate when given its front and top views. It explains that since no line is parallel to the XY axes in either view, one line should be drawn parallel in one view to serve as the true length. Here, the a'1 line is drawn parallel in the front view, making its corresponding top view line a-1 the true length. Then the same steps as the previous problem can be followed to determine the true shape by using distances from the front and top views.
Akash rivet joint
A rivet is a round rod used to join metal parts. It has a head on one end and a shank on the other. Common metals for rivets include steel, iron, copper and aluminum. Riveting involves placing a rivet through holes in parts to join and forming the shank end into a head. Riveted joints are permanent fastenings commonly used to join boiler plates, storage tanks, and structural elements like bridges. There are two main types of riveted joints: lap joints and butt joints.
Rankine cycle
This presentation discusses the Rankine cycle, which is used in 90% of power plants worldwide. It introduces William Rankine, who helped develop thermodynamics. The presentation covers the ideal Rankine cycle and modifications like reheat and regeneration cycles that improve efficiency. Reheat cycles add a second turbine, while regeneration cycles use extracted steam to preheat feedwater, improving heat transfer and efficiency. The document aims to explain these Rankine cycle variations and their advantages over the basic cycle.
Rankine cycle
This presentation discusses the Rankine cycle, which is used in most power plants to convert heat into mechanical work. It describes how William Rankine first contributed to the science of thermodynamics. The ideal Rankine cycle involves heating water in a boiler, expanding it in a turbine to produce work, then condensing it back to a liquid in a condenser. Modifications like reheat and regeneration were developed to increase the efficiency of the Rankine cycle used in real power plants.
More from Akash Sood (20)
Projection of planes 026
- 1. Q.12.5:Draw the projections of a circle of 5 cm diameter having its plane vertical and inclined at 30º to the V.P. Its centre is 3cm above the H.P. and 2cm in front of the V.P. Show also its traces 50 Ø 4’ 41’ 3’ 5’ 31’ 51’ 2’ 6’ 61’ 21’ 1’ 7’ 11’ 71’ 12’ 8’ 121’ 81’ 30 91’ 11’ 9’ 111’ X 10’ Y 101’ 20 30º 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 12 11 10 9 8