Projection of planes 033
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A thin circular plate with a diameter of 70 mm is resting on its circumference. The plate is inclined at 60° to the horizontal plane and 30° to the vertical plane. Draw the front and side views of the inclined circular plate.
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Projection of planes 038
The document provides instructions for drawing two projections of a circle resting on a horizontal plane (HP) that is inclined at 45 degrees to the HP.
In the first problem (12.8a), the top view shows the diameter AB making a 30 degree angle with the vertical plane (VP). In the second problem (12.8b), the true length (TL) of the diameter AB makes a 30 degree angle with the VP.
The only difference between the two problems is in the third step, where problem 12.8a shows the inclination of the true view (TV) of AB, while 12.8b shows the angle of the true length (TL) of AB itself.
EG UNIT-II PROJECTION OF PLANES.ppt
This document discusses the projection of planes in engineering graphics. It defines key terms like trace of a plane and horizontal and vertical traces. It describes the different orientations a plane can have in space, such as parallel or perpendicular to the vertical or horizontal planes. It provides examples of how to represent different views of objects in planes using notations. Finally, it includes several example problems demonstrating how to draw the projections of planes in different orientations.
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The document provides instructions to draw a rhombus with diagonals of 125 mm and 50 mm, where the smaller 50 mm diagonal is parallel to both principal planes and the larger 125 mm diagonal is inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane. To do this, the steps are to keep one side parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the vertical plane, and to incline the opposite side 30 degrees to the horizontal plane, making the other two sides parallel to the coordinate planes.
Projection of planes 025
A regular hexagon with 25mm sides has one side lying in the horizontal plane and inclined at 60 degrees to the vertical plane. The surface of the hexagon is inclined at 45 degrees to the horizontal plane. To show the true shape, the vertical plane view will show the hexagon with one side vertical and the other sides projected accordingly. The initial position should assume the plane is parallel to the horizontal plane.
Eg projection of plane
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1. Draw the top view of the rhombus with the longer diagonal horizontal at 100 mm.
2. This top view represents the true shape and size of the square in its top view.
3. Since the top view shows the true shape, the surface of the square must be parallel to the VP.
4. Draw the front view of the square below the top view, with the sides parallel to the XY line and of length 100 mm each.
5. The front view will also show the true shape and size of the square since its surface is parallel to the VP.
Therefore, the front view of the square is another square of side 100 mm, drawn
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The document discusses various methods for projecting planes in engineering graphics. It provides step-by-step procedures for drawing projections of planes in different orientations and positions in space. Several example problems are presented with diagrams showing how to draw the front, top, and side views of planes such as rectangles, triangles, and other shapes in various orientations. Methods are described for determining the true shape, size, and angles between planes based on their given projections.
Projection of planes 030
The document provides instructions for drawing the top view of a circular plate given its appearance as an ellipse in the front view. Specifically, it states that:
1) A circular plate appearing as an ellipse in the front view has a major axis of 50 mm and minor axis of 30 mm.
2) To draw the top view, the major axis of the ellipse in the front view should be drawn horizontally.
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The document describes how to solve two problems involving drawing the projections of a rhombus.
1. Problem 6 gives the inclination of one diagonal to the horizontal plane (HP) and the true view (TV) of the same diagonal. The TV is drawn first showing the rhombus below the X-Y line with the longer diagonal parallel to it.
2. Problem 7 gives the inclinations of the longer diagonal to both HP and vertical plane (VP). The true length (TL) of the diagonal is drawn using its inclination to HP, and the locus is used to mark the TV.
3. The key difference is that in Problem 6 the TV is given directly, while in Problem 7 the
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The document provides instructions for drawing two projections of a circle resting on a horizontal plane (HP) that is inclined at 45 degrees to the HP.
In the first problem (12.8a), the top view shows the diameter AB making a 30 degree angle with the vertical plane (VP). In the second problem (12.8b), the true length (TL) of the diameter AB makes a 30 degree angle with the VP.
The only difference between the two problems is in the third step, where problem 12.8a shows the inclination of the true view (TV) of AB, while 12.8b shows the angle of the true length (TL) of AB itself.
EG UNIT-II PROJECTION OF PLANES.ppt
This document discusses the projection of planes in engineering graphics. It defines key terms like trace of a plane and horizontal and vertical traces. It describes the different orientations a plane can have in space, such as parallel or perpendicular to the vertical or horizontal planes. It provides examples of how to represent different views of objects in planes using notations. Finally, it includes several example problems demonstrating how to draw the projections of planes in different orientations.
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The document provides instructions to draw a rhombus with diagonals of 125 mm and 50 mm, where the smaller 50 mm diagonal is parallel to both principal planes and the larger 125 mm diagonal is inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane. To do this, the steps are to keep one side parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the vertical plane, and to incline the opposite side 30 degrees to the horizontal plane, making the other two sides parallel to the coordinate planes.
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A regular hexagon with 25mm sides has one side lying in the horizontal plane and inclined at 60 degrees to the vertical plane. The surface of the hexagon is inclined at 45 degrees to the horizontal plane. To show the true shape, the vertical plane view will show the hexagon with one side vertical and the other sides projected accordingly. The initial position should assume the plane is parallel to the horizontal plane.
Eg projection of plane
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1. Draw the top view of the rhombus with the longer diagonal horizontal at 100 mm.
2. This top view represents the true shape and size of the square in its top view.
3. Since the top view shows the true shape, the surface of the square must be parallel to the VP.
4. Draw the front view of the square below the top view, with the sides parallel to the XY line and of length 100 mm each.
5. The front view will also show the true shape and size of the square since its surface is parallel to the VP.
Therefore, the front view of the square is another square of side 100 mm, drawn
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The document discusses various methods for projecting planes in engineering graphics. It provides step-by-step procedures for drawing projections of planes in different orientations and positions in space. Several example problems are presented with diagrams showing how to draw the front, top, and side views of planes such as rectangles, triangles, and other shapes in various orientations. Methods are described for determining the true shape, size, and angles between planes based on their given projections.
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The document provides instructions for drawing the top view of a circular plate given its appearance as an ellipse in the front view. Specifically, it states that:
1) A circular plate appearing as an ellipse in the front view has a major axis of 50 mm and minor axis of 30 mm.
2) To draw the top view, the major axis of the ellipse in the front view should be drawn horizontally.
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The document describes how to solve two problems involving drawing the projections of a rhombus.
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2. Problem 7 gives the inclinations of the longer diagonal to both HP and vertical plane (VP). The true length (TL) of the diagonal is drawn using its inclination to HP, and the locus is used to mark the TV.
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A regular hexagon with a 40mm side has one corner located in the horizontal plane (HP). The surface containing this hexagon is inclined at 45 degrees to the HP and is perpendicular to the vertical plane (VP). When viewed from above, the diagonal passing through the corner in the HP makes an angle of 60 degrees with the VP. Draw the front, top, and side views of this hexagon and diagonal.
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For case (b): The plane makes an angle of 60° with the H.P.
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1) Draw the top view parallel to the XY line since in that case the front view will show the true length.
2) Extend the top view to determine the true length of 75mm.
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Projection of planes 004
1. The rectangle is resting on its horizontal plane (HP) on one small side that makes a 300 inclination to the vertical plane (VP).
2. The surface of the plane makes a 450 inclination to the HP.
3. In the front view, the true shape of the rectangle will be shown since the surface is inclined to the HP. The side making a 300 inclination to the VP will be vertical in the front view.
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Projection of planes 027
A square with a 50 mm side has its corner A in the horizontal plane. Its diagonal AC is inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane. The diagonal BD is inclined at 45 degrees to the vertical plane and parallel to the horizontal plane. The projections of the square are drawn with diagonal AC parallel to the horizontal plane and inclined at 30 degrees in the front view. Diagonal BD is inclined at 45 degrees to the vertical plane in both the front and top views.
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A thin rectangular plate with dimensions 60 mm x 30 mm has its shorter side along the vertical plane and inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane. Its top view can be projected by first drawing its front view as a 30 mm square. The front view is then inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane to project the top view.
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2. When projecting a plane, its shape, inclination to reference planes, and the inclination of edges are given. Planes can be parallel or inclined to one or both reference planes.
3. This document provides examples of projecting rectangular and pentagonal planes in different positions relative to the reference planes. The examples demonstrate determining the true shape view and projecting points for planes oriented parallel or inclined to the horizontal and vertical planes.
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This document provides instructions for projecting plane figures given their position relative to the horizontal and vertical planes. It begins by describing what information is typically provided in projection problems involving planes: a description of the plane figure and its position relative to the HP and VP defined by an inclination. Common steps for solving these problems are outlined, including making initial assumptions, projecting the inclined surface, and projecting the inclined edge. An example problem of projecting a rectangle with a surface inclined to the HP and edge inclined to the VP is shown. The key steps of the procedure are to first draw projections assuming the initial position, then incorporate the surface inclination, and finally the edge inclination.
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A circle with a diameter of 5 cm is positioned with its plane vertical and inclined at 30 degrees to the vertical plane. The circle's center is located 3 cm above the horizontal plane and 2 cm in front of the vertical plane. The summary shows the top-down and front projections of the circle along with its traces on the horizontal and vertical planes.
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A regular hexagon with a 40mm side has one corner located in the horizontal plane (HP). The surface containing this hexagon is inclined at 45 degrees to the HP and is perpendicular to the vertical plane (VP). When viewed from above, the diagonal passing through the corner in the HP makes an angle of 60 degrees with the VP. Draw the front, top, and side views of this hexagon and diagonal.
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The document provides instructions for drawing the projections of a semicircular plate that is inclined in multiple ways. The plate has a diameter of 80mm and its straight edge is in the vertical plane (VP) and inclined at 45 degrees to the horizontal plane (HP). The surface of the plate makes an angle of 30 degrees to the VP. The projections should be drawn with the VP parallel to the drawing plane and one side of the resulting hexagon vertical.
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The document provides information on the projection of plane figures:
1) It explains the basics of plane projection problems, including what is typically given (projections of the plane) and asked for (its position relative to reference planes).
2) Plane figures can have their surface parallel or inclined to the horizontal or vertical planes, and edges parallel or inclined to the other reference plane. The document demonstrates solving problems through 3 steps of initial positioning, surface inclination, and edge inclination.
3) Several example problems are worked through step-by-step to show determining the front, top, and side views of planes in different orientations, such as a pentagon inclined to the horizontal plane and a side to the vertical plane
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The document discusses the orthographic projections of straight lines. It defines five basic cases of lines: vertical, parallel to both planes, inclined to one plane and parallel to the other, inclined to both planes. It provides pictorial representations of each case and notes about front and top views. The document then presents several example problems demonstrating how to draw the projections of a line given information like its true length, angles of inclination, and positions of its ends. Diagrams illustrate the key steps and parameters involved in the problems.
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For case (a): The plane makes an angle of 30° with the H.P.
For case (b): The plane makes an angle of 60° with the H.P.
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The problem provides the top view, front view and position of one end of a line AB. The top view measures 65mm, the front view measures 50mm, and end A is in the horizontal plane and 12mm in front of the vertical plane. To solve the problem:
1) Draw the top view parallel to the XY line since in that case the front view will show the true length.
2) Extend the top view to determine the true length of 75mm.
3) Use trapezoidal method to determine the inclinations of the line with the principal planes as 30 degrees with the horizontal plane and 48 degrees with the vertical plane.
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A 30 mm regular pentagon rests on horizontal plane (HP) with one side on HP and the surface inclined at 45 degrees to HP. The problem is to draw the projections when the side in HP makes a 30 degree angle to the vertical plane (VP).
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1. The rectangle is resting on its horizontal plane (HP) on one small side that makes a 300 inclination to the vertical plane (VP).
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A thin rectangular plate with dimensions 60 mm x 30 mm has its shorter side along the vertical plane and inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane. Its top view can be projected by first drawing its front view as a 30 mm square. The front view is then inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal plane to project the top view.
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2. When projecting a plane, its shape, inclination to reference planes, and the inclination of edges are given. Planes can be parallel or inclined to one or both reference planes.
3. This document provides examples of projecting rectangular and pentagonal planes in different positions relative to the reference planes. The examples demonstrate determining the true shape view and projecting points for planes oriented parallel or inclined to the horizontal and vertical planes.
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This document provides instructions for projecting plane figures given their position relative to the horizontal and vertical planes. It begins by describing what information is typically provided in projection problems involving planes: a description of the plane figure and its position relative to the HP and VP defined by an inclination. Common steps for solving these problems are outlined, including making initial assumptions, projecting the inclined surface, and projecting the inclined edge. An example problem of projecting a rectangle with a surface inclined to the HP and edge inclined to the VP is shown. The key steps of the procedure are to first draw projections assuming the initial position, then incorporate the surface inclination, and finally the edge inclination.
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This document provides instructions for drawing the projections of a circle resting on its diameter, where:
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A 30 mm regular pentagon rests on a horizontal plane (HP) with one side on the HP and the opposite vertex 30 mm above the HP. To draw the projections:
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Projection of planes 006
1. The surface of a 300-600 mm long set square is inclined 450 to the vertical plane (VP).
2. One end is 10 mm above the horizontal plane (HP) and the other end is 35 mm above the HP.
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The document outlines a 3-step procedure for solving problems involving inclined planes and surfaces:
1) Draw the front and top views assuming the surface is parallel to the reference plane.
2) Draw second front and top views considering the surface's true inclination.
3) Draw final front and top views accounting for any side/edge inclinations.
Initial positions should assume surfaces parallel to either the horizontal or vertical plane.
References to previous illustrations provide examples of applying each step.
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The document describes three orientations of a rectangle:
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The document discusses projecting plane figures and describes what is typically asked and given in projection problems. Problems usually ask for the front, top, and side views (F.V, T.V., and S.V.) of a plane figure. The problems provide a description of the plane figure as well as its position relative to the horizontal and vertical planes through either the surface's inclination to a reference plane or an edge's inclination to the other reference plane.
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- 1. 12.14: A thin circular plate of 70 mm diameter is resting on its circumference such that its plane is inclined at 60º to the H.P. and 30º to the V.P. Draw the projections of the plate. X1 4’ 3’ 5’ 4” 41’ 2’ 31’ 51’ 6’ 5”3” 21’ 61’ 6”2” 1’ 7’ 7”1” 11’ 71’ 12’ 121’ 8’ 81’ 8”12” 41 60º 9”11” 111’ 11’ 91’ 9’ 51 31 101’ 10’ 10” Y X 21 61 11 71 121 81 111 91 101 Y1