This document outlines a presentation on the Reign Mobile Hotspot Detection System project. The project aims to develop a mobile application to alert users about hazardous areas in Nigeria, such as areas prone to accidents, flooding, or crime. It will use the GPS location of the user's mobile device to check if they are entering a dangerous area and send a notification. The presentation covers the problem statement, objectives, literature review on GPS and mobile devices, proposed system design, methodology using Java and HTML5, and preliminary findings from testing in Nigeria.

1. REIGN MOBILE HOTSPOT DETECTION SYSTEM
Presented
by
Okafor Chukwuemeka. G.O
Department of Computer Science
Faculty of Science
University of Abuja.

2. Presentation Outline
• PROJECT DESCRIPTION
• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
• AIM & OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• LITERATURE REVIEW: OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL POSITION SYSTEM (GPS)
• LITERATURE REVIEW: OVERVIEW OF MOBILE DEVICES & THEIR OPERATING SYSTEMS
• MOBILE APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE
• SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN
• SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN: REVIEW OF EXISTING MOBILE device GPS APPLICATION
• OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
• OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED SYSTEM: BASIC COMPONENTS
• FEATURES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
• OPERATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
• DESIGN OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
• METHODOLOGY
• PROGRAM ALGORITHM
• PROGRAM FLOWCHART
• TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
• SOURCE OF DATA FOR THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
• FINDINGS & CONCLUSIONS
• BIBLOGRAPHY
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Reign mobile hotspot detection system is a cross
platform application that is developed to help warn
its users of hostile areas (ie areas prone to accident,
flooding, kidnapping, civil unrest, bombings etc). It also
has functionalities that allow users to report hazardous
areas through a preconfigured e-mail which
includes the users current location, description of
the hazard they want to report amongst other details. It
was developed with HTML5 and JAVA programming
languages.

4. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The logic behind the creation of this application known as
“Reign” emanates from the belief that crimes, accidents or
hazards can be reduced or even prevented if the user is aware
that
a particular location is a hotspot. This project focuses on the
users(ie a traveller, foreigner, or one of the locals visiting
somewhere for the first time who is unaware of the dangers that
might be present) to law enforcement/policy makers
perspective,
as it involves notifying the user about the possibility of a
potential hazard/crime in their present location, so that they can
take proactive measures to avoid it. It also enables the user to
assist in combating crime/saving lives by reporting a crime,

5. AIM & OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH
The focus of this research is to develop a mobile application
that will be capable of alerting users of crime and hotspots in
Abuja, the Federal capital of Nigeria as well as other parts of
the country. Objectives of this project include: to create an
awareness on the various kinds of hazards in different
locations and to help law enforcement agencies to be
informed and keep track of activities that are occurring in
various part of the capital that constitute danger, hazard or
accident to the environment. It will also alert users and law
enforcement agencies when an accident/hazards has occurred
in an area.

6. AIM & OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH (Continued)
Also, we wanted to ascertain how mobile
computing through mobile applications, when
integrated with existing and emerging
technologies as experienced with developing and
developed nations, could contribute to national
development, foreign investment as well as help
address challenges that seem to defy
conventional means here in Nigeria

7. LITERATURE REVIEW
With the release of the GPS to the civilians by the United States military, the
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and new breakthrough products are
constantly emerging on the market. The most recent breakthroughs are now
readily available to consumers in the form of vehicle navigation and
communication devices, theft protection and global surveillance.
Also since the technology breakthrough in mobile devices development
and better telecommunication networks, the mobile device has being
put into different use through the development of various kinds of
applications. This project is aimed at merging the advantages of both the GPS
and the mobile device to create an early warning system of hotspots
amongst other features in Nigeria.

8. LITERATURE REVIEW: OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL POSITION SYSTEM (GPS)
• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based
global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides
location and timely information in all weather, anywhere
on or near the Earth, as long as there is an unobstructed
line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained
by the United States government and is freely accessible by
anyone with a GPS receiver ( Golab, 1996).
• The GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome the
limitations of previous navigation systems, integrating
ideas from several predecessors, including a number of
classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS
was created and realized by the U.S. Department of
Defence (USDOD) and was originally run with 24 satellites
(Burrows, 2003).

9. LITERATURE REVIEW: OVERVIEW OF MOBILE DEVICES & THEIR OPERATING SYSTEMS

10. MOBILE APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE
A mobile application is normally structured as a multi-
layered application consisting of user experience,
business, and data layers. When developing a mobile
application, you may choose to develop a thin Web-based
client or a rich client. When building a rich client, the
business and data services layers are likely to be located
on the device itself. When building a thin client, the
business and data layers will be located on the server.
Figure 3.1 illustrates the common rich client mobile
application architecture with components grouped by
areas of concern (Dearen, 2009).

11. MOBILE APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE
(Continued)

12. The proposed system is a mobile device application which is specially
designed to work with them Global Positioning System and to alert of the
possibility of danger whenever the user of the mobile device is in an area
which has already being tagged as black spot. Here we take a brief look at
similar existing systems, the working operations and how it is different from
the existing system, by giving an overview of the proposed system, describing the
working operations, analysis of it and the design. It is developed taking the following
assumptions into consideration:
• The GPS co-ordinates are accurate and are capable of locating various spots in
Nigeria.
• All information obtained about hotspots and the hazards that can be encountered
in these areas are precise.
• Mobile devices in which the application will be installed are GPS enabled which
includes Androids and Blackberry devices amongst others
• Mobile device communications with the GPS satellite does not result in erroneous
information.

13. SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN: REVIEW OF EXISTING MOBILE device GPS APPLICATION
Mobile device GPS applications exist in different
formats performing different functions. They could
be installed into the device by the manufacturer
from the factory or could be bought and installed in
the device as a third party application. Most of this
operation follows the same working principle which
originates from the unique capability of the GPS to spot
every location on the surface of the earth. It is from this
feature that tracking and surveillance (which are the two
main functions of a mobile GPS application) are achieved.

14. OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system, a ‘’Reign Mobile Hotspot
Application system’’ is a mobile device application
which will run on mobile operating systems like Symbian,
Android, RIM (Research in Motion) etc. It equally utilizes the
unique feature of the GPS capability but is different from
the existing systems because of the following;
• The system does not monitor (tracking and surveillance)
rather it alerts its users.
• The system does not make use of mobile
telecommunication network; it uses the mobile device as a
GPS device to connect to a GPS satellite.

15. OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED SYSTEM: BASIC
COMPONENTS

16. FEATURES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
The Reign Mobile Hotspot Application system which is capable
of warning user of the potential danger in specific locations
will bring another dimension to security and will be designed
with the following attributes:
• Ability to be installed on any GPS enabled mobile device.
• Ability to work at the background without disrupting other
functions of the device like GPRS, UTMS, 3G and other
network.
• Dynamic in nature, which will enable the updates of new
locations and type of hazards.
• Stores list of locations mapped into coordinates (latitude and
longitude) and their corresponding hazards on the PUSH
server.

17. OPERATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
In other for the application to function, a GPS enable mobile
device is required and the application has got to be installed.
This is done by running the installer file on the mobile device and
selecting the appropriate configuration.
Once the application is installed on the mobile and running (at the
background) it communicate with the GPS satellite and takes note of
every location the user takes the device to. At each location, the
application compares the present spot with the list of spot that has
being tagged as hotspot and stored in a PUSH server , if it does not
match any, the application keeps running at the background but if it
matches any the PUSH server sends a notification and the application
pops out the corresponding message which has been attributed to that
location.

18. The design of the proposed system is centred on the user interface
design which is to ensure that the user’s experience with the
application is optimum. Also to be considered is the various screen size
of mobile devices, since all screen size are not the same, a design
option will be to ensure that the application is made to fit the screen of
all devices. Another consideration is the format of the screen which
includes portrait and landscape.
Because other device functionalities will work simultaneously with the
application and they all have to be in full operation, the application has
therefore been designed to work in the background. This means the
application will not disrupt the working operation of the device by
displaying on the screen while working but will only pop out a message
when it needs to alert the user.

19. METHODOLOGY
JAVA, JAVASCRIPT & HTML5 will be the programming languages that is
used in building the application. It is implemented over the device gap
framework using Eclipse IDE (Integrated Development Environment) ,
Andriod SDK, Blackberry SDK, Adobe Air SDK while information about
the hotspots that will pop up when the mobile device is the specific
area will be stored on a PUSH server. An online map and a GPS device
will be used to take and receive the coordinates of locations tagged as
hotspots in Nigeria, while a review shall be made with government,
security agencies and other relevant bodies about the kind of hazards
in locations that are been tagged as hotspots.

20. PROGRAM ALGORITHM

22. TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
JAVA:
Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun
Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java
platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler
object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled to
byte code that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM) regardless of computer
architecture.
HTML5 and CSS3:
HTML5 and CSS3 are emerging web technologies. They are making web applications
more interactive and feature-rich.
HTML5 has not only added new markups for more robust multimedia support; it has
also added features like web worker for background processing, offline support,
database support, and much more. CSS3 is the new standard for a seamless, rich User
Interface (UI)

23. TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM (Continued)
PHONEGAP:
PhoneGap is a HTML5 application framework that is used to develop native applications through
web technologies. This means that developers can develop Smartphone and Tablet applications
with their existing knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. With PhoneGap, developers don’t
have to learn languages like Objective-C for the iphone. Applications that are developed using
PhoneGap are hybrid applications. These applications are not purely HTML/JavaScript based, nor
are they native. Parts of the application, mainly the UI, the application logic, and communication
with a server, is based on HTML/JavaScript. The other part of the application that communicates
and controls the device (device or tablet) is based on the native language for that platform.
PhoneGap provides a bridge from the JavaScript world to the native world of the platform, which
allows the JavaScript API to access and control the device (device or tablet). PhoneGap essentially
provides the JavaScript API with access to the device (device or tablet) capabilities like, the
camera, GPS, device information, and many others.
PUSH SERVICES:
PUSH services is an essential component of the real-time, always-on experience for mobile
devices. It offers an incredibly efficient and reliable way of sending information to your users. It
allows users to be alerted of new and current information right when it happens. It locates the
server using geolocation, goecoding or reverse geocoding in your application.

24. SOURCE OF DATA FOR THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
In order to make the system practical and adaptable to
real live situations, the source of data to be used must
be obtained from a reliable source. This was achieved
by collaborating with the local police and other
security/governmental agencies to obtain the pattern
and nature of hazards/crimes that can be encountered
in different locations over a specific period of time. It is
with this data that the accuracy of the system shall be
based on.

25. FINDINGS & CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary testing in Lagos, Abuja, and Ogun
states in Nigeria has shown precise and accurate
notification to the users of the application. It
also has been able to capture correctly threats,
users details and the precise location of the
threats that has been reported.

26. • http://www.devicegap.com
BIBLOGRAPHY
• http://www.andriod.com
• http://www.wikipedia.com
• http://www.mobilespoon.net/2011/10/how-do-push-notifications-work-non.html
• BAYLEY, D., AND CLIFFORD S. 1996. The Future of Policing. Law and Society Review. 30(3): 585-606.
• Crampton, Jeremy W. 1995. The ethics of GIS. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22, 84-89.
• DE WAARD, J. 1999. The Private Security Industry in International Perspective. European Journal on Criminal
Policy and Research 7(2): 143-174
• Jaishankar, K. (2001). Role of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in Policing. The Asian GPS Conference.
• JOHNSTON, L. 1992. The Rebirth of PrivatePolicing. London: Routledge.
• Kelling, G., and M. Moore. 1987. “The Evolving Strategy of Policing.” Perspectives on Policing. 4(1): 1–15.
• Monmonier, Mark. 2002. Spying with Maps: Surveillance Technologies and the Future of Privacy. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
• NALLA, M. 1998. Opportunities in the Emerging Market. Security Journal 10: 15-21.
• Schuo, L. & Zhu, K. (2003). GPS Accuracy and Position Update Rate for Field Traffic Studies. ITE Journal 73(2),
p. F.
• SCHÖNTEICH, M. 2000. Fighting Crime With Private Muscle: The Private Sector and Crime Prevention.
www.iss.co.za/Pubs
• Rohit,G & Yogesh.P(2010). Beginning with devicegap. Apress publication:13-17

27. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I really want to give thanks to my family
members, members of the Nigerian Association of
Computer Science Students (NACOSS), and all my
friends for their support through out the course of this
project. Also, I will like to thank my supervisor Dr.
Olumide Owolabi for sharing his wealth of experience
with me, Micheal O. Ocheje and Omo for their
technical support. More importantly, I will like to thank
God Almighty for His grace and mercies upon my life.