This document discusses programming language trends and career opportunities. It analyzes data from sites like Stack Overflow, GitHub, and LinkedIn to determine the most in-demand languages in 2022 and predictions for 2023. The top 6 languages are Python, JavaScript, Java, C#, C++, and PHP. To become a software engineer, one needs 1-2 years of study focusing on coding skills, algorithms, software concepts, and languages/technologies while building practical projects and gaining experience through internships or jobs.

1. https://softuni.org
Which Languages Give Best Career Opportunities?
JavaScript, Java, Python, C#, C++, PHP or Others?
Programming Languages: Trends for 2023
Svetlin Nakov, PhD
Co-Founder, Innovation and
Inspiration Manager at SoftUni
https://nakov.com

2. 2
 Software engineer, tech trainer, entrepreneur
author of 16 books
nakov.com
 4 successful tech education initiatives
 National Academy for Software
Development (NASD) – 2004
 Telerik Software Academy – 2009
 SoftUni (Software University) – 2014
 IT High School "SoftUni Svetlina" – 2018
About Svetlin Nakov

3.  The Most Used Programming Languages in 2022:
 Python, Java, JavaScript, C#, C++, PHP
 Jobs by Programming Languages in 2022:
 Jobs Worldwide by Programming Language
 Jobs in Bulgaria by Programming Language
 Programming Languages Trends for 2023
 Language Popularity Rankings from Stack Overflow,
GitHub, PYPL, IEEE, TIOBE, Etc.
 Become a Software Developer: How To Start?
Agenda

4. Overview
Programming Languages in 2022

5.  JavaScript
Mainstream Languages and Frameworks
5
 Best for: front-end apps, cross-platform UI, back-end apps
 Comes with: HTML + CSS + front-end technologies (HTML, CSS, React,
Angular, VueJS), JS back-end (Node.js, Express, MongoDB), TypeScript
 Best for: enterprise apps, back-end apps, Web apps, Android apps
 Comes with: Spring Framework, Java EE, Hibernate, MySQL /
PostgreSQL + front-end (HTML, CSS, React) + Docker and cloud
 Best for: data science, machine learning, AI, Web development, DevOps
 Comes with: data science toolkits, Jupiter, NumPy, TensorFlow, PyTorch,
Django / Flask, MySQL / PostgreSQL, HTML + CSS + JS, Docker and cloud
 Java
 Python

6.  C# / .NET
 Best for: back-end apps, Web apps, enterprise applications, desktop apps
 Comes with: .NET Core, ASP.NET Core, Entity Framework, SQL Server, front-
end technologies (HTML, CSS, JS front-end, React), Docker and cloud
 C++
 Best for: embedded / IoT development, graphics and game development,
finance, system programming, high-performance back-end computing
 Comes with: STL, Boost, CMake, glibc, Qt, Unreal Engine, Linux, Docker
 PHP
 Best for: server-side Web apps, dynamic Web sites, e-commerce projects
 Comes with: MySQL, PHP frameworks (Laravel, Symfony, CodeIgniter),
front-end technologies (HTML, CSS, JS front-end, React), WordPress
Mainstream Languages and Frameworks (2)
6

7.  TypeScript – strongly-typed JavaScript, less prone to errors, good
for big and complex projects, used in Angular and Next.js
 Swift – modern general-purpose language, mostly used on the
Apple's ecosystem (iOS, macOS, alternative to Objective C)
 Kotlin – simplified syntax for the Java and Android ecosystem
 Scala – rich functional programming for the Java ecosystem
 Go – modern highly-efficient server-side development language
(alternative to C++)
 Rust – multi-paradigm back-end language designed for
performance and safety (alternative to C++)
Less Popular Languages
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8.  Ruby – dynamic language, build for simplicity and productivity
(mostly for back-end Web apps, alternative to PHP and Python)
 C – language for system programming and low-level
development (for embedded and kernel-level devs)
 R – specialized language for statistics and data analytics
 Perl – old-fashioned powerful back-end language
 Dart – front-end language for building UI with Flutter
 Visual Basic – scripting for Windows (slowly disappearing)
 Others: Assembly, MATLAB, Objective-C, Elixir, Lua, Delphi, …
Less Popular / Specialized Languages
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 Many tech languages are not real programming languages!
 SQL: database query and manipulation language
 PL/SQL, Transact SQL, etc. – more powerful, still DB specialized
 HTML and CSS: visualize Web content (text + images + links)
 XML, JSON and YAML: represent, store and transport data
 Bash / PowerShell: system administration scripting tools
 HCL: describe and configure virtual infrastructure (IaC)
Non-Programming Tech Languages

10. The Most Wanted Languages in 2022
Programming Languages by Jobs

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 LinkedIn Jobs Worldwide (Nov 2022):
 Java ⟶ 2.20M results
 Python ⟶ 2.15M results
 JavaScript ⟶ 2.02M results
 C# ⟶ 0.44M results
 PHP ⟶ 0.30M results
 C++ ⟶ 0.21M results
 Go, Swift, Ruby ⟶ < 0.05M
LinkedIn Jobs Rankings by Language

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 Jobs.BG dev jobs in Bulgaria (Nov 2022):
 JavaScript ⟶ 893 jobs
 Java ⟶ 782 jobs
 Python ⟶ 626 jobs
 C# ⟶ 367 jobs
 PHP ⟶ 293 jobs
 C/C++ ⟶ 283 jobs
 Swift, Kotlin, Go, Ruby, Perl ⟶ 40-80 jobs
Jobs.BG Jobs Rankings by Language

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 Dev.BG Jobs in Bulgaria (Nov 2022):
 JavaScript ⟶ 710 jobs
 Java ⟶ 464 jobs
 C# ⟶ 290 jobs
 PHP ⟶ 202 jobs
 C++ ⟶ 140 jobs
 Python ⟶ 128 jobs
 Swift, Kotlin, Go⟶ 40-60 jobs
Dev.BG Jobs Rankings by Language

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 LinkedIn BG ranking by programming language for Bulgaria
(Nov 2022):
 Java ⟶ 3564
 JavaScript ⟶ 3308
 Python ⟶ 3557
 C# ⟶ 955
 PHP ⟶ 683
 C++ ⟶ 803
Ranking for Bulgaria: LinkedIn BG

15. The Most Popular Languages in 2022
Programming Languages Rankings

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 Stack Overflow all time questions asked by tag (Nov 2022)
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/java
 JavaScript ⟶ 2.45M questions
 Java ⟶ 1.88M questions
 Python ⟶ 2.07M questions
 C# ⟶ 1.57M questions
 PHP ⟶ 1.45M questions
 C++ ⟶ 0.78M questions
Stack Overflow: Questions Tagged by Lang

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 Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2022
https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2022
 #1: JavaScript
 #2: Python
 #3: TypeScript
 #4: Java
 #5: C#
 #6: C++
 #7: PHP
Stack Overflow Developer Survey

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 Top languages in GitHub (Octoverse 2022 report):
 #1: JavaScript
 #2: Python
 #3: Java
 #4: TypeScript
 #5: C#
 #6: C++
 #7: PHP
GitHub Ranking by Language

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 PYPL PopularitY of Programming Language: how often language
tutorials are searched on Google
 PYPL ranking (Nov 2022)
 #1: Python
 #2: Java
 #3: JavaScript
 #4: C#
 #5: C++
 #6: PHP
PYPL: Programming Languages by Google Trends

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 IEEE Spectrum top languages rankings:
 Mix of metrics: Google, GitHub, Twitter,
Stack Overflow, Reddit, IEEE, others
 IEEE top languages by jobs (Nov 2022):
 #1: Java
 #2: Python
 #3: JavaScript
 #4: C#
 #5: C
 #6: C++
IEEE Programming Language Rankings

21. 21
 TIOBE Index (Nov 2022): programming languages on the search
engines (Google, Bing, Baidu, Amazon, others):
 #1: Python
 #2: C
 #3: Java
 #4: C++
 #5: C#
 #6: Visual Basic
 #7: JavaScript
TIOBE: Languages on Search Engines

22. Programming Languages:
Trends for 2023

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 Top 6 mainstream programming languages for 2023:
 Python
 JavaScript
 Java
 C#
 C++
 PHP
 Less popular languages: Ruby, Scala, Perl
What to Expect in 2023?
 Non-mainstream languages for 2023:
 Go, Rust (high-performance)
 Swift, Kotlin (mobile development)
 Dart (Flutter framework)
 R (for statistics)
 C (replaced by C++)

24. How to Become a
Software Engineer?

25.  First find out if programming is for you!
 Sign up for the SoftUni free coding
course for beginners: https://softuni.bg
 Or follow a tutorial / book / video course on the Internet
 Does programming excite you?
 Do you really like it and enjoy it?
 Are you good at coding problems?
 Do you want to write code all the time?
How do I Become a Software Engineer?
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26.  To become a software engineer, you
need to study hard and consistently!
 1-2 years @ part time (15-20 hours / week)
 Or 1 year @ 8-10 hours daily
 Developing practical projects
 Write ~ 100K+ lines of code (LOC)
 ~ 100K LOC == 300 days * 350 LOC
Study Hard with a Lot of Practice
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27.  4 main groups of dev skills:
 Coding skills – 20%
 Algorithmic thinking – 30%
 Fundamental software
development concepts – 25%
 Programming languages and
software technologies – 25%
Learn the 4 of Fundamental Skills
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Language-
independent skill
Language-
independent skill
Language-
independent skill
Language-
dependent!

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 Basic Coding Course – calculations, data, conditions, loops, IDE
 Fundamentals of Programming – arrays, lists, maps, nested structures,
text processing, error handling, basic language APIs, problem solving
 Object-Oriented Programming – classes, objects, inheritance, …
 Databases and ORM – relational DB, SQL, ORM frameworks, XML, JSON
 Back-End Development – HTTP, MVC, Web apps, REST, Docker, Cloud
 Front-End Development – HTML, CSS, JS, DOM, AJAX, JS Frameworks
 Practical Projects – Git, software engineering, teamwork, DevOps
 Example: https://softuni.bg/currocilum
Typical Curriculum for Developers

29.  You need a portfolio of projects in GitHub!
 Examples: https://github.com/YanaSlavcheva/SoftUni-Work,
github.com/hammer4/SoftUni, github.com/VasAtanasov
 Show the employers your skills
 How do you prove skills?
 With a rich GitHub profile!
 Start a job and gain experience
Build a Portfolio and Start a Job
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Learn more from my blog
➡ nakov.com/blog/2022/03

30. SoftUni – https://softuni.org 3