This document provides an overview of product design, including definitions, the design process, types of drawings used, and responsibilities of product designers. It discusses that product designers combine creativity and logical problem solving to determine aesthetics and functions of everyday items. The design process involves research, concept design, development, detail design, and production. Types of drawings include sketches, orthographic projections, perspectives, CAD drawings, and technical illustrations. Responsibilities involve taking design briefs, developing ideas, creating drawings, prototyping, testing, and presenting designs.
MODERN FURNITUREModern furniture refers to furniture produced from the late 19th century through the present that is influenced by modernism. Post-World War - II ideals of cutting excess, comodification, and practicality of materials in design heavily influenced the aesthetic of the furniture.
There was an opposition to the decorative arts, which included Art Nouveau, Neoclassical and Victorain Styles.
This shift from decorative to minimalist principles of design can be attributed to the introduction of new technology, changes in philosophy, and the influences of the principles of architecture
As Philip Johnson, the founder of the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art articulates
FAMOUS ARCHITECT’S
Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum
Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer
Mies van der Rohe
Richard Neutra and Charles Eames
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison
Philip Johnson
Eero Saarinen
Louis Kahn
Ieoh Ming Pei
ART NOUVEAU
Is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts , that was most popular between 1890 and 1910
A reaction to the academic art of the 19th century, it was inspired by natural forms and structures, particularly the curved lines of plants and flowers.
Introduction to working drawings course for architects and interior designers.
it contains 3 main parts:
1-general introduction to the course and its objectives and importance,
2-guide lines for plan drawings for beginners,
3-introduction to NCS.
This book, just like the first edition, compiles
the work of many hands (and keyboards) and
conversations. It has been made possible by the
generous contributions of numerous people, to
whom I would like to express my gratitude.
First, I must acknowledge my current and
former students, who have taught me volumes
and who continue give me the energy to keep
going. I must thank all of the former students
who contributed work to the first edition especially,
including Theresa Isaacson, Leanne Larson,
Ardella Pieper, Cory Sherman, and Justin
Thomson. Denise Haertl, Dan Effenheim, Anne
(Cleary) Olsen, and Angela Ska, now professional
designers, all willingly handed over
portfolios for inclusion in this edition. Current
students who contributed work and help include
Kristy Bokelman, Anne Harmer, and
Randi Steinbrecher. And I thank former exchange
students Elke Kalvelage, Jessica
Tebbe, and Dirk Olbrich for allowing me to include
some of their fine work.
I have been amazed and touched by the
generosity of members of the design community
who shared time and contributed projects:
my friend Lynn Barnhouse at Meyer, Scherer
& Rockcastle Architects, who contributed a
great deal of work and gave hours of her time;
Jane Rademacher, Lisa Miller, and Bob Albachten;
and Thom Lasley, of RSP Architects.
Others who took time out of very busy schedules
to contribute include Thomas Oliphant;
Jim Smart, of Smart Associates; Jim Moeller, at
Arthur Shuster Inc.; Craig Beddow, of Beddow
Design; Deborah Kucera, of TKDA; Janet Lawson,
of Janet Lawson Architectural Illustration;
and Robert Lownes, of Design Visualizations;
Harris Birkeland; and Aj Dumas.
I must acknowledge and thank my colleagues
at the University of Wisconsin–Stout.
Courtney Nystuen, a wonderful teacher and architect,
contributed in many ways. Bill Wikrent,
who is talented, knowledgeable, and very generous,
deserves special thanks. And this edition
would not have been finished in this decade
without the gift of a sabbatical: thank you to the
Sabbatical Committee. Jack Zellner and Kristine
Recker Simpson deserve thanks for willingly
contributing their fine work.
This project would not have been possible
without the help of my husband, Roger Parenteau,
support from our daughter, Anna, and
a fair amount of terror generated by young
Luc to keep things interesting.
Lecture 1 - VDIS10023 – From Design Brief to Design.
This presentation will introduce you to "The Design Brief"...one of the most important document that every designer must be able to decode.
MODERN FURNITUREModern furniture refers to furniture produced from the late 19th century through the present that is influenced by modernism. Post-World War - II ideals of cutting excess, comodification, and practicality of materials in design heavily influenced the aesthetic of the furniture.
There was an opposition to the decorative arts, which included Art Nouveau, Neoclassical and Victorain Styles.
This shift from decorative to minimalist principles of design can be attributed to the introduction of new technology, changes in philosophy, and the influences of the principles of architecture
As Philip Johnson, the founder of the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art articulates
FAMOUS ARCHITECT’S
Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum
Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer
Mies van der Rohe
Richard Neutra and Charles Eames
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison
Philip Johnson
Eero Saarinen
Louis Kahn
Ieoh Ming Pei
ART NOUVEAU
Is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts , that was most popular between 1890 and 1910
A reaction to the academic art of the 19th century, it was inspired by natural forms and structures, particularly the curved lines of plants and flowers.
Introduction to working drawings course for architects and interior designers.
it contains 3 main parts:
1-general introduction to the course and its objectives and importance,
2-guide lines for plan drawings for beginners,
3-introduction to NCS.
This book, just like the first edition, compiles
the work of many hands (and keyboards) and
conversations. It has been made possible by the
generous contributions of numerous people, to
whom I would like to express my gratitude.
First, I must acknowledge my current and
former students, who have taught me volumes
and who continue give me the energy to keep
going. I must thank all of the former students
who contributed work to the first edition especially,
including Theresa Isaacson, Leanne Larson,
Ardella Pieper, Cory Sherman, and Justin
Thomson. Denise Haertl, Dan Effenheim, Anne
(Cleary) Olsen, and Angela Ska, now professional
designers, all willingly handed over
portfolios for inclusion in this edition. Current
students who contributed work and help include
Kristy Bokelman, Anne Harmer, and
Randi Steinbrecher. And I thank former exchange
students Elke Kalvelage, Jessica
Tebbe, and Dirk Olbrich for allowing me to include
some of their fine work.
I have been amazed and touched by the
generosity of members of the design community
who shared time and contributed projects:
my friend Lynn Barnhouse at Meyer, Scherer
& Rockcastle Architects, who contributed a
great deal of work and gave hours of her time;
Jane Rademacher, Lisa Miller, and Bob Albachten;
and Thom Lasley, of RSP Architects.
Others who took time out of very busy schedules
to contribute include Thomas Oliphant;
Jim Smart, of Smart Associates; Jim Moeller, at
Arthur Shuster Inc.; Craig Beddow, of Beddow
Design; Deborah Kucera, of TKDA; Janet Lawson,
of Janet Lawson Architectural Illustration;
and Robert Lownes, of Design Visualizations;
Harris Birkeland; and Aj Dumas.
I must acknowledge and thank my colleagues
at the University of Wisconsin–Stout.
Courtney Nystuen, a wonderful teacher and architect,
contributed in many ways. Bill Wikrent,
who is talented, knowledgeable, and very generous,
deserves special thanks. And this edition
would not have been finished in this decade
without the gift of a sabbatical: thank you to the
Sabbatical Committee. Jack Zellner and Kristine
Recker Simpson deserve thanks for willingly
contributing their fine work.
This project would not have been possible
without the help of my husband, Roger Parenteau,
support from our daughter, Anna, and
a fair amount of terror generated by young
Luc to keep things interesting.
Lecture 1 - VDIS10023 – From Design Brief to Design.
This presentation will introduce you to "The Design Brief"...one of the most important document that every designer must be able to decode.
This is an integrated project between Introduction to Drawing(ITD) ,Introduction to Construction Industry (ICI) and English I module.
In a group of five or six people, we are required to investigate type of drawings from ONE of the profession below:
No Profession (ICI) Types of Drawing (ITD)
1 Architect Architectural Drawings
2 Interior Architect/Interior Designer Interior Architecture Drawings
3 Town Planner/Master Planner Planners Drawings
4 Product Designer (Furniture) Product Design Drawings
5 Quantity Surveyor Quantity Surveying Drawings –what do they refer to
6 Landscape Architect Landscape Architecture Drawings
7 Civil /Structural Engineer Civil/Structural Engineering Drawing
8 Mechanical & Electrical Engineer Mechanical & Electricals Drawings
(1)Introduction to Drawing (ITD) Task (20%)-GROUP
You are to research and investigate the use of the drawings as a means of communication. The data gathered should include types and function of drawings, stages and examples of drawings used to communicate ideas and presentations.
(2)Introduction to Construction Industry (ICI) Task (10%)-GROUP
You are to research and investigate the scope of work handled by them, their responsibilities and tasks at different stages of construction.
(3) English I Task (Oral Presentation)( 25 %)-INDIVIDUAL
Your task is as follow:
Research and deliver an oral presentation on various types of drawings used in different professions. You should demonstrate the ability to deliver an effective presentation by applying the elements of an effective speaker in three main areas namely in verbal skills, nonverbal skills and content.
The original 'Double Diamond' design methodbank Andrea Cooper
The orginal Double Diamond methodbank from 2003/4 created by http://cartlidgelevene.co.uk/ with Matt and George for the Design Council. Note, its not a double diamond!
Design Toolbox — teaching design, its processes & methodsMartin Jordan
‘Design Toolbox’ was a 3-week design class that examined a practical understanding of design, its process and methods through inputs, hands-on sessions and small assignments.
Taught at University of Applied Sciences Potsdam, Germany in October 2013.
In the fall of 2018, I was asked to present a guest lecture to first year students enrolled in the Business Technology Management program at Ryerson University.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Product Design
1. PROJECT 1: Understanding Different types of Professions
and Drawings in the Built Environment
C H R Y S A L I S
PRODUCT DESIGN
T U T O R S :
P n H a s m a n i r a M o k t h a r
M s S u f i n a A b u B a k a r
M s T h i v i l o j a n a A / P P e r i n p a s i n g a m
A d a m E f f e n d i b i n A s h a a r i
H o h J e a n M i n g
C h a n g H u e y Y i B a r b a r a
H e n g S y H u a ( L )
C h i n S h e e W e i
B r i a n K o h J u n Y a n
A r a i
: 0 3 2 2 8 5 1
: 0 3 2 2 4 9 6
: 0 3 2 2 8 9 8
: 0 3 2 1 9 9 9
: 0 3 2 2 4 9 9
: 0 3 2 2 0 0 2
:
: I C I
: I T D
: E n g l i s h I
2. PRODUCT DESIGN, what is it?
The method and development of creating a
product/item/object from idea to manufacturing.
Product Design vs Industrial Design
• solve problems
through creating
something that does
not exist.
What is a Product?
A useful idea, method, information, object or service created as a result of a process
It fulfils a need or satisfies a want.
It has a combination of tangible and intangible attributes (benefits, features, functions, uses)
• a specialization that
deals exclusively
with ‘products’ or
something that can
be produced
• general study that
deals with products,
services, installations
• focus on improving
existing products or
services
3. THE PRODUCT DESIGNER
Combine Creativity with Logical Approach (Pragmatic & Imaginative)
Determine the aesthetics and functions of everyday items
(furniture, etc.)
• Create new products
• Improve existing products with broad understanding of technology, materials and
manufacturing methods
Tried-and-True
Methods
New and
Innovative Ways
6. TOOLS FOR DRAWING
Eraser
Technical
Pens
Ballpoint pen
Brush Pen
Dip Pen
Drawing Board
Pastels
Chalk
Charcoal
Markers
Watercolour
Airbrush
T Square
Set Square
Templates
(French
Curve)
Protractor
Pencils
7. TOOLS FOR DRAWING
CAD (Computer-aided Design) Systems
Mouse and
keyboard
Haptic SystemTouchscreen
- Tablet
- Stylus
8. TYPES OF DRAWINGS
There are two main types:
Two-dimensional (2D)
Orthographic drawings
Section drawings
Three-dimensional (3D)
Perspective drawings
Metric Drawings
Sketches
Concept Sketch
Doodl e
De t ail
Te chnical
Pre se nt ativ e
E mot iv e
CAD Drawings
Section
Ghosting
Scrap views
Cutout
3D Model
Technical Illustrations
9. Sketches – Idea and Concept Exploration
TYPES OF DRAWINGS
Concept Sketch – The first sketch of a product
11. TYPES OF DRAWINGS
Orthographic Projections (2D)
(a) First-angle Projection
(commonly used in the UK & Europe)
(b) Third-angle Projection
(Commonly used in the USA)
Section Drawing
(c) & (d) Section drawings
of Bottle Opener
12. TYPES OF DRAWINGS
General Arrangement (GA) Drawing
- The Master Drawing
(a) GA Drawing of Foldable Bicycle (b) GA Drawing of
Swimming Pool Lamp
13. TYPES OF DRAWINGS
CAD Drawings & Technical Illustrations
(a) 3D Models
(c) Ghosting
of Engine
(b) Cutaway of
Engine Parts
(d) Exploded Diagram
of Engine Parts
14. TYPES OF DRAWINGS
Technical Illustrations
(a) Exploded Drawing of Sofa
(d) Labelled Diagram
of Lamp
(c) Exploded Drawing
of Rotor
(b) Exploded Drawing of Table
15. Scope of Work + Nature of Work
This involves looking carefully at what is required, doing research and
developing ideas into a design.
Your key tasks would include:
• taking details of what the client needs (known as the 'brief ')
• developing ideas and making initial sketches
• deciding on suitable materials
• using computer design software to produce detailed final drawings
• making samples or working models
• testing the design
• finding solutions for any problems with the design.
At all stages, you would work with skilled colleagues such as engineers and
model-makers.
As well as designing, you would also
take part in meetings and presentations
put together bids and proposals for new work
Skills RequiredTraining
Professional Bodies
16. Scope of Work + Nature of Work
Scope
Industrial design is a combination of art and engineering; drawing
skills, creativity and technical knowledge are critical.
Industrial designers must have a good sense of color, balance and
proportion, as well as good verbal, visual and written communication
skills.
They need to have an education in industrial design, architecture or
engineering. These days, many industrial designers that get a
master’s degree in business administration because the industry is
increasingly emphasizing strategic design and products that suit the
client's overall business plan.
Industrial designers with knowledge of accounting, marketing,
quality assurance, strategic planning and project management may
be more attractive to employers.
Designing items for mass production, small
batches or one-offs
17. Responsibilities
• arranging meetings and liaising with engineers and other
departments
• occasionally travelling to clients' production facilities and evaluating
the feasibility of production;
• making presentations to senior design management or clients
• start with a client meeting
• working on ideas as part of a team
• The designers may create and sketch several
different design ideas and present these options to
the client.
• taking into account cost and availability of materials
and safety implications
• working closely with other professionals
• identifying the suitability and availability of
materials;
• Do research
18. Responsibilities
If you are self-employed, you would also market your work and carry out tasks
involved in running a business, such as budgeting and administration.
• producing detailed, final hand drawings and specifications
• using dedicated computer software (CAD) to produce design
specifications, including parts lists and costings
• making samples or working models by hand or
using computerised prototyping equipment;
• testing the design concept by computerised
modelling or physical hands-on testing of models
• taking part in specialist or multidisciplinary team
meetings
• Manufacturing of Products
35. References
Pipes, A. (2007). Drawing for Designers. United Kingdom: Laurence King Publishing.
Postell, J. (2007). Furniture Design. United States of America: John Wiley and Sons.
Rodgers, P. & Milton, A. (2011). Product Design. United Kingdom: Laurence King Publishing.
Hudson, J. (2011). Process 50 Product Designs from Concept to Manufacture (2nd ed.). London: Laurence King Publishing.
Howes, P. & Laughlin, Z. (2012). Material Matters New Materials in Design. London: Black Dog Publishing.
Asensio, O. (2006). Des!gn Des!gn Furniture & Lights. Singapore: Page One Publishing.
Soley, M. C. (2009). Modern Interior Design. Singapore: Page One Publishing.
Realise Beyond Ordinary. New Product Development Process. Retrieved 18 February 2015 from http://www.realisedesign.co.uk/new-
product-development-process/
Realise Beyond Ordinary. New Product Development Process. Retrieved 18 February 2015 from http://www.realisedesign.co.uk/new-
product-development-process/
Realise Beyond Ordinary. Why Choose Realise. Retrieved 18 February 2015 from http://www.realisedesign.co.uk/why-choose-realise/
Realise Beyond Ordinary. Eezee Feeder. Retrieved 18 February 2015 from http://www.realisedesign.co.uk/product-design-
blog/portfolio-item/eezee-feeder/
Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services. (2014). Industrial/Product Designer Job Description. Retrieved 19 February 2015
from http://www.prospects.ac.uk/industrial_product_designer_job_description.htm
Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services.(2014). Industrial/Product Designer Salary and Conditions. Retrieved 19 February
2015 from http://www.prospects.ac.uk/industrial_product_designer_salary.htm
36. References
Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services.(2014). Industrial/Product Designer Entry Requirements. Retrieved 19 February 2015 from
http://www.prospects.ac.uk/industrial_product_designer_entry_requirements.htm
Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services.(2014). Industrial/Product Designer Training. Retrieved 19 February 2015 from
http://www.prospects.ac.uk/industrial_product_designer_training.htm
Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services.(2014). Industrial/Product Career Development. Retrieved 19 February 2015 from
http://www.prospects.ac.uk/industrial_product_designer_career_development.htm
Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services.(2014). Industrial/Product Employers and Vacancy Sources. Retrieved 19 February 2015
from http://www.prospects.ac.uk/industrial_product_designer_vacancy_sources.htm
Design Council. (2012). Design Bugs Out. Retrieved 21 February 2015 from http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/knowledge-resources/case-
study/design-bugs-out
Design Council. (2015). Design for Patient Dignity. Retrieved 21 February 2015 from http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/knowledge-
resources/case-study/design-patient-dignity
Design Council. (2012).Living Well with Dementia. Retrieved 21 February 2015 from http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/knowledge-
resources/report/living-well-dementia-design-challenge-publication
Education Portal. Product Designer: Job Duties, Outlook and Education Info. Retrieved 19 February 2015 from http://education-
portal.com/articles/Product_Designer_Job_Duties_Outlook_and_Education_Info.html
Education Portal. Plastic Product Designer: Job Description and Requirements. Retrieved 19 February 2015 from http://education-
portal.com/articles/Plastic_Product_Designer_Job_Description_and_Requirements.html
37. References
Education Portal. What Does an Industrial Designer Do? Retrieved 19 February 2015 from http://education-
portal.com/what_does_an_industrial_designer_do.html
Education Portal. Industrial Designer Education Requirements and Career Info. Retrieved 19 February 2015 from http://education-
portal.com/articles/Industrial_Designer_Education_Requirements_and_Career_Info.html
Education Portal. Industrial Design Salary and Pay Information. Retrieved 19 February 2015 from http://education-
portal.com/industrial_design_salary.html
Education Portal. Furniture Designer: Education and Training Requirements . Retrieved 19 February 2015 from http://education-
portal.com/articles/Furniture_Designer_Education_and_Training_Requirements.html
Education Portal. Furniture Designer: Job Description, Duties and Requirements. Retrieved 19 February 2015 from http://education-
portal.com/articles/Furniture_Designer_Job_Description_Duties_and_Requirements.html
Education Portal. Furniture Making Career and Education Information. Retrieved 19 February 2015 from http://education-
portal.com/articles/Furniture_Making_Career_and_Education_Information.html
Education Portal. Become a Furniture Designer: Education and Career Roadmap. Retrieved 19 February 2015 from http://education-
portal.com/articles/Become_a_Furniture_Designer_Education_and_Career_Roadmap.html
Hamilton. (2012). Product Design Vs Industrial Design. Retrieved 20 February 2015 from http://hamiltonbydesign.com/product-design-vs-
industrial-design/
38. References
Laman Web Rasmi Perbadanan Harta Intelek Malaysia. Industrial Design. Retrieved 21 February 2015 from
http://www.myipo.gov.my/reka-bentuk-perindustrian
Mandelbaum, M. (2015). The Architecture of Product Design: Cross-Disciplinary Sketching Tools. Retrieved 20 February 2015 from
http://www.archdaily.com/593382/the-architecture-of-product-design-cross-disciplinary-sketching-tools/
National Careers Service. Job Profiles Product Designer. Retrieved 20 February 2015 from
https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/productdesigner.aspx
National Careers Service. Job Profiles Furniture Designer. Retrieved 20 February 2015 from
https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/furnituredesigner.aspx
Schonberger, N. (2012). The 25 Furniture Designers You Need To Know. Retrieved 20 February 2015 from
http://www.complex.com/style/2012/03/the-25-furniture-designers-you-need-to-know/
Targetjobs. Industrial/Product Designer: Job Description. Retrieved 19 February 2015 from https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-
descriptions/279815-industrialproduct-designer-job-description
World Intellectual Property Organization. Industrial Designs. Retrieved 21 February 2015 from http://www.wipo.int/designs/en/