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This document provides instructions for a lab where students observe onion cells and cheek cells under a microscope. The objective is for students to see real animal and plant cells and identify differences between them. Students are instructed to prepare slides of onion and cheek cells by staining, then observe the slides under low, medium, and high powers of the microscope. They are to draw and label their observations and note differences between the animal and plant cells.
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This lab document outlines procedures for observing plant and animal cells under a microscope. Students will examine onion and cheek cells stained with iodine. For the onion cell lab, students will slice an onion, apply iodine stain, and observe the cells under low, medium, and high powers of a microscope, drawing and labeling their observations. For the cheek cell lab, students will rub the inside of their cheek with a toothpick, stir the toothpick in iodine stain, observe the stained cheek cells under the microscope, and draw and label their observations. Students will then analyze their results and write a conclusion describing what was done in the lab and what was discovered about plant and animal cells.
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1. The document provides instructions for students to complete a lab using a microscope to view cheek cells. It includes questions about microscope use and safety as well as step-by-step directions for preparing a wet mount slide of cheek cells to view under the microscope.
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1 Biol 1009 Lab Manual NOTE You must complete at .docx
1
Biol 1009 Lab Manual
NOTE: You must complete at least 7 out of 8 labs to pass this course.
The labs are not optional.
Contents
Lab Exercise
Page
1 Use of the Microscope
3
2 Enzyme Activity and Digestion of Carbohydrates and Proteins 13
3 Fermentation, Photosynthesis, and Respiration 19
4 The Structure of a Flower
28
5 Growth and Trophic Responses 31
6 Pedigree Tasting
39
7 Morphogenesis in Insects 44
8 The Ecological Community Structure 51
2
3
Lab Exercise 1: Use of the Microscope
As part of the assignment for this lesson, complete the following lab exercise.
Read through all of the lab exercise before you begin so that you’ll know what
you’re expected to do, what equipment to gather, and the questions you’ll need to
answer.
Write down your answers to the questions as you do the work. These are the
questions you will answer in your lab report. Go to the Assignments tool on the
course Web site to download the worksheet on which to enter your answers.
Timing note: A few hours, but you will need to arrange an appointment in advance.
NOTE: Most students use the microscope that is set up on the U of M campus (see
below). To avoid scheduling problems using this microscope, you do not have to
complete this lab until the end of week 3. However, sometimes a lot of students wait
until the end of week 3 to do this lab, so it’s best to schedule your microscope
appointment early (see below).
Arranging to Use a Microscope
If you live near the University of Minnesota, you may come to the St. Paul campus
and use a microscope in the College of Biological Sciences instructional
laboratories. To be sure a microscope is available for your use, please make an
appointment by contacting Sandy Mand at [email protected] or call 6126262821.
The preferred day and time for appointments is Friday, 9 a.m.–5 p.m., but other
days and times can usually be arranged. Also be sure to call this number if you
need to cancel your appointment.
If you do not live near campus, contact a local grade school, high school, college, or
laboratory to see if you may use one of their microscopes. Try to find some time that is
convenient to both you and the lending institution. Many institutions will be gracious
about letting you use their equipment on their premises.
It will take you approximately three hours to complete this lab exercise.
4
mailto:[email protected]
Objectives
In this exercise you will learn about the use and care of the compound light
microscope. You will use it to examine plant and animal materials, prepare your own
temporary slides, and make approximate measurements of viewed materials.
Supplies
If possible, borrow the following equipment:
● compound light microscope with scanning, low, and highpower objectives
● slide with three different colors of thread*
● slide of plant tissue*
● slide of anima.
Wet Preparations and Staining of Living Cells
The document summarizes a lab experiment on preparing and examining wet preparations and stained slides of living cells under a microscope. Students learned techniques for preparing wet mounts without staining and with methylene blue staining to view motile organisms. They practiced adjusting the microscope light for contrast and focusing to observe cell movement. The conclusion reflected on learning how to properly complete each step and that more practice placing coverslips would improve results.
1.0 - The Light Miscroscope.ppt microscopy
Here are the key points about types of light microscopes:
- Compound light microscopes are the most common type found in classrooms and labs. They use a system of multiple lenses (objective and eyepiece lenses) to magnify specimens. The magnification is calculated by multiplying the objective and eyepiece powers.
- Stereo microscopes are used to view three-dimensional specimens. They have two separate optical paths to provide binocular vision. This allows depth perception which is useful for tasks like dissection.
- Inverted or upside-down microscopes have their objectives below the stage to allow viewing live cell cultures or other transparent samples from below. This is important for studies of living cells and organisms without disturbing the
1.0 - The Light Miscroscope (2).pptx0ppt
Here are the key points about types of light microscopes:
- Compound light microscopes are the most common type found in classrooms and labs. They use a system of multiple lenses (objective and eyepiece lenses) to magnify specimens. The magnification is calculated by multiplying the objective and eyepiece powers.
- Stereo microscopes are useful for viewing three-dimensional specimens. They use two eyepieces and two separate light paths to provide a stereoscopic view. This allows depth perception. They are well-suited to tasks like examining insects or small parts.
- Inverted or upside-down microscopes have their objectives below the stage to allow viewing live cell cultures or other transparent specimens from below
Word safety microscopy and hand washing
1. The document outlines microbiology laboratory safety rules, including proper disposal of contaminated materials, wearing protective clothing, cleaning surfaces before and after use, washing hands, reporting accidents, and following aseptic technique to prevent exposure to pathogens.
2. Microscope use and cleaning procedures are described, noting the basic microscope parts and their functions. Proper techniques like using both hands to carry microscopes and adjusting lenses for focus are emphasized.
3. A hand washing laboratory experiment aims to demonstrate the presence of organisms on hands and nostrils. Students will streak agar plates before and after hand washing with soap/water or alcohol gel, and after drying hands, to compare microbial growth.
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE COT 2ND.pptx
The document provides information about the major organs and systems in the human body like the liver, heart, kidneys, lungs and brain. It then discusses the parts and functions of a microscope, identifying components such as the eyepiece, body tube, stage, objectives, and how it is used to magnify specimens. The importance of the compound microscope is that it allows scientists to observe microorganisms, cells, and other small structures.
Microscopes Applied
The document provides instructions for using a microscope to view an onion cell. It describes preparing a slide with an onion epidermis sample and iodine staining. It outlines the steps to focus the microscope and view the sample under low and high power. Labeling guidelines are provided for drawing a scientific diagram of the onion cell view, along with background on microscope parts and the goals of analyzing cell structures.
Microscope Notes- Types & Use.ppt.pdf
Here are the answers to the microscope quiz:
1. scanning
2. fine
3. light
4. piece of paper towel
5. diaphragm
6. base and arm
7. revolving nosepiece
8. scanning
9. 500x (10x x 50x)
10. scanning electron microscope
Microscope Basics
This document provides instructions for using a microscope. It describes the main parts of a microscope including the body tube, nosepiece, objectives, stage clips, light, ocular lens, arm, stage, coarse adjustment, fine adjustment, and base. It explains how to calculate magnification by multiplying the objective and ocular powers. Low, medium, and high objective powers provide different levels of magnification and detail visible. Directions are given for using objectives to view slides, being careful with the highest power, and making wet mount slides under the microscope.
Plant and animal cells lab
This lab involves students observing onion and cheek cells under a microscope to learn about plant and animal cell structure. Students will view onion cells on a prepared slide and scrape cheek cells from their mouth to place on a slide. They will observe each cell type under low and high power and identify the nucleus, cell wall or membrane, and cytoplasm. Students will record their observations and draw sketches of the onion and cheek cells.
BIOLOGY USING MICROSCOPE LAB
This document provides instructions for using a compound light microscope. It begins by explaining the key parts of the microscope - the objective lenses, ocular lens, stage, etc. and their functions. The objectives are to learn how to use the microscope properly, calculate magnification, make wet mount slides, and view different specimens. The procedure walks through preparing wet mounts, focusing on specimens using low and high power objectives, and making observations of letters, hairs, and other small objects. It emphasizes best practices for handling the microscope carefully and using the correct adjustments at each magnification.
Week 08 - Leading for ChangeFollowership Objecti.docx
Week 08 - Leading for Change
Followership
Objectives
After this session, you should be able to:Recognise your followership style and take steps to become a more effective follower.Understand the leader’s role in developing effective followers.Understand what followers want and contribute to building a community among followers.
*
ObjectivesApply the principles of effective followership, including responsibility, service, challenging authority, participating in change and knowing when to leave.Implement the strategies for effective followership at school or work.
The role of followersLeadership and followership are fundamental roles.Leaders are influenced by the actions and attitudes of followers.Many of the leaders’ qualities are possessed by effective followers.
Followership styles
Styles of followershipAlienatedThe conformistThe pragmatic survivorThe passive followerThe effective follower
Effective followershipCourageKnow what they stand forWilling to express their own ideas and opinions to their leadersRisk losing their jobs, being demeaned or feeling inadequate
Demands of an effective followerThe will to assume responsibilityThe will to serveThe will to challengeThe will to participate in transformationThe will to leave
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
Be proactive
Begin with the end in mind
Put first thingsfirst
Think win-win
Seek first to understand, then to be understood
Synergise
Sharpen the saw
Follower strategies
Desirable characteristics in a followerHonestCooperativeDependableCompetent
What followers wantMake regular feedback a habit.Use elements of storytelling.Be generous with positive feedback.Train followers to view feedback as an opportunity for development.
Building a community of followersInclusivityPositive cultureConversationCaring and trustShared leadershipCommunities of practice
SummaryThe stigma of followershipThe role of followersDeveloping personal potentialSources of follower powerStrategies for managing upWhat followers wantBuilding a community of followers
Source:
The Leadership Experience: Asia Pacific Edition, 1st Edition
Richard L. Daft; Andrew Pirola-Merlo
Chapter 6 Followership
RMIT University©
School of Management
*
School of Management
The Microscope
Zacharias Janssen is to be credited for inventing the first truly compound microscope
Microscope
What is a microscope?It is a tool or instrument often used in laboratories to aid in viewing organisms that cannot be seen with an unaided eye
Types of microscope
Biologist often used different microscope
Compound light microscope
Dissection microscope
Scanning electron microscope(SEM)
Transmission electron microscope(TEM)
but of all, the compound light microscope is what we shall be using
Dissecting Vs. Compound light microscope
Scanning Vs. Transmission electron Microscope
Microscope Compound light microscope is simply a microscope that has at least.
Microscopebasics 1
The document provides instructions for using a microscope and discusses microscope parts. It includes:
1) An explanation of the main microscope parts including the stage, objectives, ocular lens, light source, and diaphragm.
2) Directions for using different objectives and focusing techniques depending on the magnification level. Higher powers require use of the fine adjustment knob.
3) Safety tips like always using two hands and never using coarse focus with high power objectives to avoid breaking slides.
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SCIENCE-7-QUARTER-2-LAS (1).pdf
This document provides instructions on how to properly use a compound microscope. It begins by identifying the learning objectives as focusing specimens using the compound microscope. It then lists the steps to focus specimens, which include placing a slide on the stage, using the course and fine adjustment knobs to focus with the low and high power objectives, and adjusting the diaphragm and mirror for light. The document emphasizes carrying the microscope carefully and not touching the lenses, as well as following specific steps when examining specimens.
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1 Biol 1009 Lab Manual NOTE You must complete at .docx
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density
The document provides instructions for an experiment to measure how the viscosity and density of liquid solutions change with increasing concentration. Students are asked to make a hypothesis, collect data on flow time and mass for different concentration solutions, calculate density, and graph the results. They are then asked to analyze how viscosity and density relate to concentration based on their graphs and to explain these relationships using diagrams of the molecular structure in solutions at different concentrations.
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Procedure
- 1. Observing human cellsand plant cells What are the differences?
- 2. How this presentation works While the screen is BLUE, watch and listen When the screen is YELLOW, do what the instructions tell you You will need to watch some videos during this lab, they are on the same page of the website, just press escape to get out of full screen mode.
- 3. Your objective At the end of this lab, you will have seen real animal cells from your own body and plant cells from an onion and will be able to list the differences between them.
- 4. Set up your notebook Write a title: “Observing cells under the microscope” Divide the page into two halves. Label one “Observing onion cells” and the other “Observing cheek cells” Draw three circles in each section and label them: Low power Medium power High power
- 5. Equipment You will use a microscope for this lab. Take out the Parts of the Microscope card and watch the Using a Microscope video on the class website. Fill in the blanks. If you need to, you can pause and rewind the video. Glue the finished worksheet into your notebook
- 6. Safety You will be using biological specimens – there is always a risk of spreading disease or poisoning in a lab – especially when using biological specimens like human cells. Wash your hands and dispose of used Q-Tips immediately in the waste bin. Be careful while cutting onion. The stains we are using will stain your skin and clothes – wear an apron and gloves whenever you are handling the stain or slides. TAKE CARE.
- 7. Preparing the slides You will prepare two slide to look at under the microscope: One from your own cells, taken from the inside of your cheek One from an onion
- 8. Onion Cells - Procedure Remember, this is a BLUE slide, just read the instructions this time Obtain a clean slide and cover slip. Take a piece of onion and cut a piece about as big as your thumbnail. Using the forceps, carefully peel of the very thin skin between the onion layers and put it in the middle of your slide.
- 9. Onion cells – continued. Using the dropper, put a drop of Iodine stain on a slide. Be careful, stains can ruin clothing and other materials. Wait 3-4 minutes before putting a coverslip on the slide. Prepare your cheek cell slides while you wait. Put a cover slip over the stain. Do not press or you might burst the cells.
- 10. Cheek cells - procedure Obtain a clean slide and cover slip. Gently rub the end of a Q-tip on the inside of your mouth along the cheek. Some of the cells from your cheek will come off on the Q-Tip. Be careful! Do not gouge out your cheek. Wipe the Q-Tip on the center of the slide so that the cells from your cheek are transferred to the slide.
- 11. Cheek cells – continued Using the dropper, put a drop of Methylene Blue stain on a slide. Be careful, stains can ruin clothing and other materials. Immediately, throw the Q-tip away. Put a cover slip over the stain. Do not press or you may crush the cells.
- 12. Review the procedure. Now watch the Preparing Slides of Cheek and Onion Cells video on the class website
- 13. Prepare onion cell slide Obtain a clean slide and cover slip. Take a piece of onion and cut a piece about as big as your thumbnail. Using the forceps, carefully peel of the very thin skin between the onion layers and put it in the middle of your slide.
- 14. Onion cells – continued. Using the dropper, put a drop of Iodine stain on a slide. Be careful, stains can ruin clothing and other materials. Wait 3-4 minutes before putting a coverslip on the slide. Prepare your cheek cell slides while you wait. Put a cover slip over the stain. Do not press or you might burst the cells.
- 15. Cheek cells - procedure Obtain a clean slide and cover slip. Gently rub the end of a Q-tip on the inside of your mouth along the cheek. Some of the cells from your cheek will come off on the Q-Tip. Be careful! Do not gouge out your cheek. Wipe the Q-Tip on the center of the slide so that the cells from your cheek are transferred to the slide.
- 16. Cheek cells – continued Using the dropper, put a drop of Methylene Blue stain on a slide. Be careful, stains can ruin clothing and other materials. Immediately, throw the Q-tip away. Put a cover slip over the stain. Do not press or you may crush the cells.
- 17. Using the microscope Switch on the microscope lamp. Adjust the Diaphramso that the right amount of light is shining on the slide Using the Course Focus knob, move the microscope stage so that it is as high as it will go. Turn the microscope Nose so that the Low Power Objective lens is in use. Put the slide onto the microscope stage and fix with the Stage Clips. Use the Course focus knob to move the stage down until the cells are in focus. Ask the teacher to check your focus Draw your observations in one of the Low Power circles in your notebook.
- 18. Medium power Turn the microscope Nose so that the Medium Power Objective lens is in use. Adjust the focus with the Fine Focus knob. Ask the teacher to check your focus Draw your observations in the Medium power circle in your notebook.
- 19. High power Turn the microscope Nose so that the High Power Objective lens is in use. Adjust the focus with the Fine Focus knob. DO NOT USE THE COURSE FOCUS KNOB. Ask the teacher to check your focus Draw your observations in the High power circle in your notebook.
- 20. Analysis Look at the observations you recorded in your notebook. What differences do you see between the animal and plant cells? Write notes of the differences in your notebook.
- 21. Reflection Write a heading in your notebook, “Reflections”. What did you enjoy most about this lab?