Problem 2.19. How much time is required to add or subtract two large.pdf

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Problem 2.19. How much time is required to add or subtract two large integers of size m and n respectively? Sketch the appropriate algorithm. Solution For the large integers, they can not be accomodated in the permitted range of 32 bits of standard integer(Exact size depends on the system and environment). So to add two very large numbers, we can keep them in form of string and then process them from right side, one character at a time. Below is the algorithm: Suppose we have got two nos 125372 432 1. Take two strings s1 and s2. 2. copy 125372 in s1, and 432 in s2 3. Compute the length diff: abs(length(s1) - length(s2)). Left pad the small string with zeroes so that size of both the strings are same. Lets assume length is n now. 4. Create a result string of (n+1) character, as the addition might produce a carry on the last. 5. Now start from the right most digit of both nos. Compute the int value of single digit in both nos as shown below. To get the int value of a digit, we subtract \'0\' in from of character from the String chacter, so that we get exact digit. 6. Now sum both these digits and put the result\'s unit bit in resultant string at ith position. You might get an carry in this step, which you need to remember, when you go to process the (i-1)th digit of the nos. For( i=n; i >= 1; i-- ) { // TO find out the digit at iTh pos in s1 in number format from character format int n1 = s1.charAt(i) - \'0\' int n2 = s2.charAt(i) - \'0\' int carry = ((n1+n2)>=10) ? 1: 0; result[i+1] = \'0\' + ((n1+n2)%10); //only put unit digit in result string, that too in form of character } 7. Keep doing the above steps for all the n digits. Now you may get a overall carry at the last step, which you need to keep on result[0] pos. And your reslt string is prepared with the sum. Similary can be done for subtraction also..

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Similary can be done for subtraction also.

•0.336 moles of a weak, monoproticacid added to a final volume of 2..pdf

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You are to simulate a dispatcher using a priority queue system in C++. New processes are to be entered using a GUI with priority included (numbering should be automatic). Processes are also to be terminated by GUI command. Context switches are to be by command with the cause of the switch being either a blocking call, time slice exceeded or termination. Assume only one CPU. Priorities and numbers of processes can be kept small, just big enough to demonstrate the required functionality. You may pre-populate the queues initially from a data file. I am looking at the mechanism as you are NOT creating actual processes, just simulating them. Functionality to be provided by you: 1. Priority based Ready Queue(s). 2. Blocked list. 3. Output of complete system status after every context switch showing ready, blocked, and running processes. Sample Output: A3 Antrian WAKTU TUN... TA1Telah diEksekusi Ambil No Antrian Solution //dispatcherSim.java public class dispatcherSim { public static void main(String[] args) { simulator sim=new simulator(1000); sim.addProcessReady(1); //test data sim.addProcessReady(3); sim.addProcessReady(2); sim.addProcessReady(7); sim.addProcessReady(4); sim.addProcessBlocked(1); sim.addProcessBlocked(3); sim.addProcessBlocked(2); sim.addProcessBlocked(7); sim.addProcessBlocked(4); GUI gui=new GUI(sim); gui.setVisible(true); } } ===================================================================== ========= //GUI.java import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Dialog.ModalityType; import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.swing.ButtonGroup; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JComboBox; import javax.swing.JDialog; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.JMenu; import javax.swing.JMenuBar; import javax.swing.JMenuItem; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JRadioButton; import javax.swing.JScrollPane; import javax.swing.JTextArea; import javax.swing.JTextField; public class GUI extends JFrame { private JPanel panel; private JMenuBar menuBar; private JMenu menu; private JMenuItem addNew; private JMenuItem unBlock; private JMenuItem terminate; private JMenuItem readMe; private JMenuItem exit; private JButton cSwitch; private JTextArea info; private JScrollPane scroll; private simulator sim; private final String CS = \"CONTEXT SWITCH: \"; private int count = 1; public GUI(simulator disSim) { sim = disSim; initComponents(); } private void addNewBox() { final JDialog addDialog = new JDialog(); JPanel miniPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout()); miniPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(175, 100)); ButtonGroup radioGroup = new ButtonGroup(); final JRadioButton blocked = new JRadioButton(\"Blocked List\"); final JRadioButton ready = new JRadioButton(\"Ready Queue\"); ready.setSelected(true); radioGroup.add(ready); radioGroup.add(blocked); JPanel radios = new JPanel(); radios.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(50, 50)); .

You are to simulate a dispatcher using a priority queue system in C+.pdf

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Write a program that accepts an arithmetic expression of unsigned integers in postfix notation and builds the arithmetic expression tree that represents that expression. From that tree, the corresponding fully parenthesized infix expression should be displayed and a file should be generated that contains the three address format instructions. This topic is discussed in the week 4 reading in module 2, section II-B. The main class should create the GUI shown below: Pressing the Construct Tree button should cause the tree to be constructed and using that tree, the corresponding infix expression should be displayed and the three address instruction file should be generated. The postfix expression input should not be required to have spaces between every token. Note in the above example that 9+- are not separated by spaces. The above example should produce the following output file containing the three address instructions: Add R0 5 9 Sub R1 3 R0 Mul R2 2 3 Div R3 R1 R2 Inheritance should be used to define the arithmetic expression tree. At a minimum, it should involve three classes: an abstract class for the tree nodes and two derived classes, one for operand nodes and another for operator nodes. Other classes should be included as needed to accomplish good object-oriented design. All instance data must be declared as private. You may assume that the expression is syntactically correct with regard to the order of operators and operands, but you should check for invalid tokens, such as characters that are not valid operators or operands such as 2a, which are not valid integers. If an invalid token is detected a RuntimeException should be thrown and caught by the main class and an appropriate error message should be displayed. Three Adddress Generator Enter Postfix Expression 359 2 3 Construct Tree Infix Expression ((3-(5 9))/ (2* 3 Solution #include #include #include #include #include struct TREE //Structure to represent a tree { char data; struct TREE *right,*left,*root; }; typedef TREE tree; /* Stack Using Linked List */ struct Stack //Structure to represent Stack { struct TREE *data; struct Stack *next,*head,*top; //Pointers to next node,head and top }; typedef struct Stack node; node *Nw; //Global Variable to represent node void initialize(node *&n) { n = new node; n -> next = n -> head = n -> top = NULL; } void create(node *n) { Nw = new node; //Create a new node Nw -> next = NULL; //Initialize next pointer field if(n -> head == NULL) //if first node { n -> head = Nw; //Initialize head n -> top = Nw; //Update top } } void push(node *n,tree *ITEM) { node *temp = n -> head; if(n -> head == NULL) //if First Item is Pushed to Stack { create(n); //Create a Node n -> head -> data = ITEM; //Insert Item to head of List n -> head = Nw; return; //Exit from Function } create(n); //Create a new Node Nw -> data = ITEM; //Insert Item while(temp -> next != NULL) temp = temp -> next; //Go to Last Node temp -> next = Nw; //Point New node n -> top = Nw; //Upda.

Write a program that accepts an arithmetic expression of unsigned in.pdf

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Why was the knowledge of macromolecules “structure” very important i.pdf

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Why did the sovereign debt problem of Greece a country that accounts for less than 2 percent of euro area GDP threaten the banking system throughout the euro area? Solution Greece is the one of the most indebted nation. The Greek national debt is worth 320 billion euros ,or 175 per cent of GDP. The two third of this debt is owned to other countries and central banks in the Euro area. On the whole European countries have lent Greece 52.9 billion euros bilaterally, 130.9 billion through the EFSF and IMF has lent 25 billion euros. If problem in Greece increases , then it will default on all the above mentioned loans, which will be a situation of concern for all the European nations as they have lent a sizable chunk to Greece. Thus, sovereign debt problem of Greece a country that accounts for less than 2 per cent of euro area GDP threaten the banking system throughout the euro area..

Why did the sovereign debt problem of Greece a country that accounts.pdf

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Which of the following could be the most likely cause of a superinfection? community-acquired MRSA fecal-oral contamination poor hygiene long-term antibiotic therapy Solution Answer: Which of the following could be the most likely cause of a superinfection? Ans:Long term antibiotic therapy, explanation: prolonged antibiotic treatment exerts a selective pressure on the patient\'s intrinsic flora. As a result, over time, microorganisms develop resistance to antibiotic..

Which of the following could be the most likely cause of a superi.pdf

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What is the theory of public debt management??? Solution 1. Sovereign debt management is the process of establishing and executing a strategy for managing the government\'s debt in order to raise the required amount of funding, achieve its risk and cost objectives, and to meet any other sovereign debt management goals the government may have set, such as developing and maintaining an efficient market for government securities. 2. In a broader macroeconomic context for public policy, governments should seek to ensure that both the level and rate of growth in their public debt is fundamentally sustainable, and can be serviced under a wide range of circumstances while meeting cost and risk objectives. Sovereign debt managers share fiscal and monetary policy advisors\' concerns that public sector indebtedness remains on a sustainable path and that a credible strategy is in place to reduce excessive levels of debt. Debt managers should ensure that the fiscal authorities are aware of the impact of government financing requirements and debt levels on borrowing costs.1 Examples of indicators that address the issue of debt sustainability include the public sector debt service ratio, and ratios of public debt to GDP and to tax revenue. 3. Poorly structured debt in terms of maturity, currency, or interest rate composition and large and unfunded contingent liabilities have been important factors in inducing or propagating economic crises in many countries throughout history. For example, irrespective of the exchange rate regime, or whether domestic or foreign currency debt is involved, crises have often arisen because of an excessive focus by governments on possible cost savings associated with large volumes of short-term or floating rate debt. This has left government budgets seriously exposed to changing financial market conditions, including changes in the country\'s creditworthiness, when this debt has to be rolled over. Foreign currency debt also poses particular risks, and excessive reliance on foreign currency debt can lead to exchange rate and/or monetary pressures if investors become reluctant to refinance the government\'s foreign-currency debt. By reducing the risk that the government\'s own portfolio management will become a source of instability for the private sector, prudent government debt management, along with sound policies for managing contingent liabilities, can make countries less susceptible to contagion and financial risk. 4. A government\'s debt portfolio is usually the largest financial portfolio in the country. It often contains complex and risky financial structures, and can generate substantial risk to the government\'s balance sheet and to the country\'s financial stability. As noted by the Financial Stability Forum\'s Working Group on Capital Flows, \"recent experience has highlighted the need for governments to limit the build-up of liquidity exposures and other risks that make their economies especially vulnerable to exte.

What is the theory of public debt managementSolution1. Sove.pdf

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This is a three part question. For each part the answer requires identifying an asymmetric encryption technique, hashing or both. As part of each question you need to discuss the technique to demonstrate your understanding of how the functionality (confidentiality, authenticity, integrity) is supported. You need to discuss the details of what the sender and receiver do and the key usage if applicable. What technique is used to exchange messages between two parties ensuring confidentiality? Discuss. What technique is used to exchange messages between two parties ensuring authenticity? Discuss c. What technique is used to exchange messages between two parties ensuring integrity? Discuss. Solution a. Ensuring confidentiality, a very key component of protecting information confidentiality would be Encryption. Encryption ensures that only the right person who knows the key can read the information. Encryption is very widespread in today’s world while interacting with one another through internet. It is the most effective way to achieve the data security. Secure Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security are the security protocols for communication over internet. Example: Internet Banking. Other ways to make sure that the data remains confidential is to implement file permissions and access control list to restrict access to sensitive information and design of file permissions and access control lists must be kept as easy as possible for proper maintenance. c. Integrity means protecting information so that it cannot be customized by not permitted people. Information is only as valuable as it is perfect. Similar to the data confidentiality, encryption plays a prominent role in preserving data integrity. The data shared with another person within a company or externally to a third party or creating an automatic system report containing sensitive information, these all data should be encrypted to prevent the data or sensitive information of a company to be accessed and changed by the third person. The data stored on file shares allow encryption can prevent the data from being altered by malicious objective or being accessed by individuals who do not have access. When accessing data integrity and designing security requirements it is necessary to ensure the level of encryption is sufficient to protect the integrity of the data, the more sensitive the data the higher the level of encryption that needs to be enabled..

This is a three part question. For each part the answer requires ide.pdf

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