present perfect continuous grammar lesson

1. Present Perfect Continuous

2. FORM
 Affirmative: S + have/has + been + V-ing…
 Negative: S + have/has + not + been + V-ing…
 Interrogative: have/has + S + been + V-ing…?
Obs.
 S = subiect, V = verb;
 I, you, we, they have;
 he, she, it has;
 “been” se pastreaza indiferent de ceea ce se
transmite in propozitie.

3. USES
1. O actiune care a inceput in trecut, continua
in prezent si poate si in viitor. In acest caz
se traduce cu prezentul din limba romana.
Expresii: for, since

4. For (arata durata actiunii)
Poate fi folosit cu orice numeral si unitate de masura a
timpului:
 For two hours (timp de doua ore)
 For three years (timp de trei ani)
 For four minutes (timp de patru minute) etc.
Mai poate fi folosit cu expresii de urmatorul tip:
 For a long time (de mult timp)
 For ages (de un “car” de vreme, de foarte mult timp)
 For a while (de ceva vreme) etc.
 Scriem de o ora. We have been writing for an hour.
 Studiem engleza de mult timp. We have been studying
English for a long time.

5. Since (momentul de incepere al actiunii)
 Since lunch time (din timpul pranzului)
 Since 1998 (din 1998)
 Since the arrival (de la sosire)
 Since they came (de cand au venit ei)
 Since I was a child (de cand eram copil) etc.
Observatii:
De remarcat faptul ca “since” poate introduce o propozitie, spre deosebire de
“for”, care nu poate;
De remarcat ca in propozitia introdusa prin “since” se foloseste Past Simple!
Se uita la TV de cand au venit de la scoala. They have been watching TV
since they came from school.
Locuieste in aceeasi casa din 1987. She has been living in the same house
since 1987.

6. utilizari
2. O actiune incheiata de curand, cu subliniere
asupra duratei de desfasurare. In acest caz
se traduce cu perfect compus (trecut).
“De ce esti asa de ud?” “M-am plimbat prin
ploaie.” = “Why are you so wet?” “I have
been walking in the rain.”

7. Atentie!
 Chiar daca situatia comunicata cere un
Present Perfect Continuous, totusi, daca
verbul are restrictie la un timp continuu,
atunci se pune Present Perfect Simple.

8. Verbe care NU pot fi folosite la un timp continuu
 Verbele de perceptie (to see, to taste, to
smell, to hear etc.)
 Alte verbe ca: to be, to have, to think, to
believe, to love, to like, to hate, to know,to
understand, to want, to prefer, to mean, to
seem, to belong, to remember…etc.

9. exemplu
 Suntem aici de o ora.
 We have been here for an hour.
Observatie:
Actiunea “a fi” a inceput in trecut (acum o ora) si se afla
inca in desfasurare, insa NU putem folosi Present
Perfect Continuous pentru ca verbul “to be” NU
poate fi folosit la un timp continuu.