2. INTRODUCTION
• “Osteoporosis is not an invitable part of ageing.it is preventable so it is vital
that all of us of all ages start taking care of our bone now before it too late”
• - camila parker
• Osteoporosis is the low bone mineral density caused by altered bone micro
structure ultimately predisposing patients to low impact fragility
fractures.WHO defines it mainly in women as the presence of BMD less
than or equal to 2.5 standard deviations Below average bone mass of
health of olds.
• Factors that increases risk of developing osteoporosis are calcium and
vitamin D deficiency due to malnutrition, sedentary lifestyle.The strategy
for treating osteoporosis is prevention.Bone tissue is dynamic.So for
strength of bone should take care of.
3. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• Osteoporosis is a multifactorial and slowly emerging global health
problem. The lifetime risk of dying from hip fracture is same as that
from breast cancer. One out of three women between age group of
50-60 years in India suffers from osteoporosis. Indian women have an
early age of onset of osteoporosis as compared to western
counterparts. There is need for early diagnosis, identification of high-
risk groups and prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in the
Indian context.
4. NEED FOR THE STUDY
• Poor bone mass dencity among women has several effects on the
womens health.The facts is that the little attention paid to the issue
of bone problem of women especially in old aged women may be
fatally dangerous in advance cases like bone cancer.Hence provision
of knowledge regarding osteoporosis is utmost importance for
women
5. • Osteoporosis is a major public health problem through associated
fragility fracture.The main purpose of education regarding
osteoporosis among women is to slow or prevent the development of
osteoporosis,maintain healthy bone mineral density and bone mass
and to maximize the women’s ability to continue with their daily
life.In order to prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis it is important
to have good knowledge and attitude towards osteoporosis
6. • The main causes for osteoporosis are lack of calcium, eating disorder,
decrease in estrogen in women and being cinfined to bed.Education
regarding osteoporosis among womenincludes to promote to have
the food that support bone health,get enough calcium,vitamin D and
protein,And also womens should get active and should do weight
bearing exercise and all.Hence the researchers decided to conduct a
study to assess the knowledge regarding osteoporosis and provide
informational booklet among women in selected area in Mysuru,
Karnataka
7. STATEMENT
A descriptive study to assess the knowledge on preventive measures of
osteoporosis and provide a video assisted teaching programme among
elderly people in selected oldage home at urban area in Mysuru.
8. OBJECTIVES
1. To assess the knowledge on osteoporosis among elderly people in selected
old age home at Mysuru.
2. To find the association between selected demographic variables and
knowledge regarding osteoporosis among elderly people in selected oldage
home at Mysuru.
3. To assess the knowledge on preventive measures of osteoporosis among
elderly people in selected oldage home at Mysuru.
9. METHODOLOGY
Deals with the research methodology adopted by the investigator to
assess the knowledge on preventive measures of osteoporosis and
provide a video assisted teaching programme among elderly people in
selected oldage home at urban area in Mysuru.
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the
problem. In this we study the various steps that we generally adopted
by the researcher in studying the research along with the logic behind
them.
10. Source of data:
The data will be collected from 100 elderly people in selected oldage home at Mysuru.
Research approach: Descriptive study
Research design: Descriptive study
Settings of the study: Elderly people in selected oldage home at Mysuru.
Population: In the present study the population consist of elderly people those who fulfill
the inclusion Criteria.
Sampling technique: Convenient sampling-technique
Sample: The sample comprises elderly people.
Sample size: The sample size of the study is 100 elderly people.
11. METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA
Method of collection of data: Structured questionnaire on knowledge regarding
osteoporosis.
Sampling criteria includes:-
Inclusion criteria:
1. Elderly people in selected oldage home at Mysuru.
2. Those understands English.
3. Those are present during the study.
Exclusion criteria:
1. 100 elderly people those are disabled in speech and hearing.
12. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
• KNOWLEDGE OF OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG WOMEN IN
ALEXANDRIA(EGYPT):A COMMUNITY BASED SURVEY
STUDY DESIGN SAMPLE NUMBER OF SAMPLE SAMPLING
TECHNIQUE
RESULT
Cross sectional study Women 532 Random sampling Majority of them
(95.1%) are
familiar with this
condition and
(77%) are
perceived as
Serious illness.
Half of the
educated women
scored as 50 and
uneducated
women scored
below 50.
13. • OSTEOPOROSIS KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFES AND SELF –EFFICIENCY
AMONG FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
STUDY DESIGN SAMPLE NUMBER OF
SAMPLE
SAMPLING
TECHNIQUE
RESULT
Descriptive
cross sectional
study
Female
university
students
260 Random
sampling
>Participance
had low level
of
knowledge(40
%).
>In general,
they had fairly
positive belief’s
towards
osteoporosis
with a
percentage of
(70%).
14. • KNOWLEDGE ON OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG PERI –MENOPAUSAL
WOMEN IN URBAN SLUM AREA OF BERHAMPUR
STUDY DESIGN SAMPLE NUMBER OF
SAMPLE
SAMPLING
TECHNIQUE
RESULT
Cross sectional
study
Peri -
menopausal
women
369 Simple random
sampling
>75% were in the
age group 51-60
years
>42%had no
formal education
15. • KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS AMONG MIDDLE AGED WOMEN IN THE
SOUTHERN UNITED STATES.
STUDY DESIGN SAMPLE NUMBER OF
SAMPLE
SAMPLING
TECHNIQUE
RESULT
Descriptive study Middle aged
women
100 Random sampling >Significant
negative
correlation
between the
barriers to exercise
and motivation (-
0.434,p<0.001)
>Significant
positive correlation
between the
benefits to exercise
and health
motivation
(0.385,p<0.001).
16. • TO ASSESS THE HEALTH INFORMATION SEEKING
BEHAVIOUR AND SELF CARE IN WOMEN WITH
OSTEOPOROSIS
STUDY DESIGN SAMPLE NUMBER OF
SAMPLE SIZE
SAMPLING
TECHNIQUE
RESULT
Qualitative study Women 15 Semi structured
interviews
>Indepth
descriptions of the
participants,
experience 246
primary codes were
extracted
> 35 sub categorise
and 6 main
catenaries have
appeared from the
data.
17. TOOLS
Section A
•
• Socio-demographic variables
•
• 1. Age in years
• a. 30-40
• b. 40-50
• c. 50-60
•
• 2. Gender
• a. Male
• b. Female
• c. Transgender
•
• 3. Religion
• a. Hindu
• b. Christian
• c. Muslim
18. • 4. Habitat
• a. Rural
• b. Urban
• c. Semiurban
•
• 5. Education
• a. Primary
• b. SSLC
• c. PUC
• d. Degree
•
• 6. Do you have prior information about Osteoporosis ?
• A. Yes
• b. No
19. • 7. If yes source of information
• a. Mass media
• b. Healthworkers
• c. Others
20. Section B
1.Which bone type comprises the larger percentage of bone in the skeleton?
A.Trabecular
b.Cortical
C.both they are. Roughly and equal in the body.
2.True or false?Bone health is assessed by use of a blood test to measure calcium?
A.True
b.False
3.The two distinct types of tissue found in bone are
a.collagen and cortical
b.cortical and trabecular
c.trabecular and hydroxyapatite
d.collagen and hydroxyapatite
21. • 4.Which of the 2 bone types has a faster torn over rate?
• A.trabecular
• b.cortical
• c.neither, as there is no turn over in this types of bone
•
•
• 5.True or false ? Since hormone replacement therapy has been called into
question as the single best option for treating osteoporosis,the only way to
treat the disease is to eat right and exercise more.
• A.True
• b.False
22. • 6.How is the bone health assessed?
• A. X-ray
• b.blood test for calcium
• c.DXA Scan
• d.MRI
•
•
• 7.Along with PTH ,what vitamin is essential in our bones.Where is the other one percentage stored?
• A.Vit.K
• b.Vit.A
• c.Vit.E
• d.Vit.D
•
• 8.What is the name given to the process by which bone is broken down?
• A.Destruction
• b.Resorption
• c.Osteoporosis
• d.Osteopenia
23. • 9.How much of dietary calcium is absorbed by infants and children
• V/S healthy young adults?
• A.50%,50%
• b.60%,30%
• c.70%,20%
• d.90%,10%
•
• 10.Osteoclasts are
• a.Tiny crystals within our bone
• b.Cells that erode the surface of bone
• c.Collagen fibres in our bone
• d.The storage form of calcium in our bone
24. • 11. The most cost effective form of calcium is?
• A) Calcium citrate
• b) Calcium carbonate
• c) Oyster shell
• d) Bone meal
• 12.The term osteoporosis refers to what type of bone?
• A) Older
• b) Broken
• c) Clenser
• d) More porous
• 13.The most common site that are affected by osteoporosis are the?
• A) Wrist&hip
• b) Ribs&hip
• c) hip&vertebra of spinal cord
• d) Jaw&vertebra of spinal column
• 14.Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis
• a) Smoking
• b) Chronic use of anti-inflammatory drugs
• c) Heredity
• d) Physical inactivity
25. • 15.How much of dietary calcium is absorbed by infants and children versus young adult?
• A) 50%
• b) 60%+30%
• c) 70%+25%
• d) 90%+10%
• 16) What is the RDA for calcium for adults age 19-50 years?
• A) 800 mg/day
• b) 1000mg/day
• c) 1200mg/day
• d) 2500mg/day
• 17.How do you prevent osteoporosis?
• A)Cannot
• b) Adequate intake of Ca&vitamin D
• c) Avoid regular exercise
• d) Drink more caffeine
• 18.The disease in adults from vitamin D deficiency is?
• A) Rickets
• b) Osteoporosis
• c) Osteomalacia
• d) Osteomyelitis
26. • 20.Which of the following investigation is considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of osteoporosis?
• A) Ultrasound
• b) Single energy X-ray absorptiometry
• c)Single energy X-ray absorptiometry
• d) Quantitative computed tomography
• 21.Which substance increases one’s risk for osteoporosis?
• A) Alcohol abuse
• b) calcium
• c) Stress
• d) Smoking a pack a day
• 22.Osteoporosis can be prevented by---?
• A) Vaccine
• b) Antibiotics
• c) A diet with plenty of protein and row vegetables
• d) Calcium rich diet and exercise
• 23..Osteoporosis is a bone disease caused by---?
• A) Too much bone forming in the hips
• b) The rate of bone absorption being greater than the rate of bone formation
• c) A fracture of the hip
