The document discusses the history and significance of paper, tracing its invention to China around 105 A.D. by Ts'ai Lun and its subsequent spread to other regions such as Korea, Japan, and Europe. It highlights paper's pivotal role in communication, record-keeping, and cultural preservation, as well as its various uses in modern society from hygiene to packaging. The document also emphasizes the environmental benefits of paper and its importance in economic growth.

1. Topic:

2. Presented to : Ahmad Sheikh
Resource Person and e-media specialist

3. Group members
 Sara akbar
 Sidra ashraf
 Misbah munir
 Ummama siddique
 Khadijha atriq
 Warda naveed

4. History of paper
 Paper making is one of the inventions by
Chinese.
 105 A.D. is often cited as the year in
which papermaking was invented.
 The invention of paper was reported to
the Eastern Han Emperor Ho-di by Ts'ai
Lun.
 Recent archaeological investigations,
however, place the actual invention of
papermaking some 200 years earlier.

5. History of paper
 Ts'ai Lun broke the bark of a mulberry
tree into fibres and pounded them into a
sheet.
 Later it was discovered that the quality
of paper could be much improved with
the addition of rags hemp and old fish
nets to the pulp.

6. Official history
 In ancient times writing was generally on
bamboo or on pieces of silk, which were
then called ji.
 But silk being expensive and bamboo
heavy, these twitch materials were not
convenient.
 From this time paper has been in use
everywhere and is called the "paper of
Marquis Tsai."

7. History of paper
 In few years, the Chinese began to use
paper for writing.
 By 740 A.D., The first printed
newspaper was seen in China.

8. History of paper
 To the east, papermaking moved to Korea, where
production of paper began as early as the 6th
century AD.
 Pulp was prepared from the fibers of
 hemp
 rattan
 mulberry
 bamboo
 rice straw
 seaweed
 According to tradition, a Korean monk named Don-
cho brought papermaking to Japan by sharing his
knowledge at the Imperial Palace in approximately
AD 610.

9. History of paper
 We learned that paper was introduced to
Xinjiang area very early according to the
archaeological records.
 The paper found at
Kaochang,
Loulan,
Kusha,
Kotan, and
Dunhuang sites

10. History of paper
 The technique eventually reached Tibet
around 650 A.D. and then to India after
645 A.D.
 By the time Hsuan Tsang from China
arrived to India in 671 A.D., paper was
already widely used there.

11. History of paper
 For a long time the Chinese closely
guarded the secret of paper
manufacture.
 However in 751 A.D. the T'ang army
was defeated by the Ottoman Turks at a
mighty battle at the Talas River.
 Some Chinese soldiers and paper
makers were captured and brought to
Samarkand.

12. Countries achievements
about paper
 The Arabs learned the paper making from
the Chinese prisoners and built the first
paper industry in Baghdad in 793 A.D.
They, too, kept it a secret
 Europeans did not learn how to make
paper until several centuries later.
 The Egyptians learned the paper making
from the Arabs during the early 10th
century.
 Paper arrived in Northern Africa around
1100 A.D.

13. Countries achievements
about paper
 By 1150 A.D. it arrived to Spain as a
result of the crusades and established
the first paper industry in Europe.
 In 1453 A.D. Johann Gutenberg invents
the printing press.
 The first paper industry in the North
America was built in Philadelphia in
1690.

14. Importance of paper
 Paper holds a powerful and often
sacred place in the history of human
interaction. We mark each milestone
in life with birth certificates, marriage
licenses, high school diplomas,
photographs, diaries and scrapbooks
preserve our collective memories for
future generations and leave a
permanent record of our time on
Earth.

15. Importance of paper
 Historic papers continue to
inspire millions, centuries after
they’ve been scribed. Paper
ignites controversy in the form
of literature and political
proclamations. Paper
certificates help define who we
are, where we live, what we’ve
learned and how we earn a
living.

16. Importance of paper
 Paper is our currency, representing
trillions of dollars in stocks, bonds
and bank notes. It’s fascinating to
think that such a simple invention
could have such a monumental
impact upon civilization.
 Above all else, paper creates an
immediate and enduring
connection between people and
their past, present and future
ambitions. That’s why we proudly
celebrate the importance of paper

17. Importance of paper
 Paper has reinvented the way we
communicate, record history, and
write down literature.
 It is portable, smaller, and thinner,
and has triggered the inventions.
 It is also through paper that our
capacity to communicate with our
fellowmen improves.
 It facilitates a clear communication
line among men.

18. Importance of paper
 We were able to hone our
mathematical skills in paper.
 it allows us to go beyond
boundaries and reach greater
heights when it comes to the
advancement of modern
computer and technology.
 Paper has been traditionally
used as a form of record
keeping and to spread
knowledge through writing

19. Importance of paper
 Paper allows us to build upon the
knowledge of our ancestors,
making science and progress
possible.
 Paper also has more mundane
uses, of course, for hygiene, as
packing material, for wrapping
objects, as tinder
 preserving and disseminating
human knowledge

20. Paper is…
 Paper is knowledge
 Paper is sustainable
 Paper is purposeful
 Paper is business
 Paper is effective
 Paper is efficient
 Paper is targeted

21. Paper is….
 Paper is measurable
 Paper is flexible
 Paper is comfortable
 Paper is central to economic
growth
 Paper works with other medias
 Paper creates a stronger
communication

22. Invention of paper
 The invention of paper in our
history marks a milestone in every
other progress and improvement
known to man. It has been a fact
that paper is commonly used for
one as the blueprint of many of the
world's best invention. Had we not
invented paper then we might be
still trapped in the Stone Age where
we will be forced to inscribe our
idea in tablets of stone and cave
walls.

23. Invention of paper
 It is through the advent of
paper production and
distribution that we become
more civilized. Without paper
we would not have scrolls or
books, making the transfer of
knowledge not only from one
person to another but from one
generation to another very
difficult if not impossible

24.  It is in this light that we can
see the importance of paper in
promoting and developing
peace in our midst. Close your
eyes for a moment and
imagine a world without paper.
It is then that you will truly
understand its value and
importance

25. The Birth of Papermaking
 Paper is a thin material mainly used for writing upon,
printing upon, drawing or for packaging.
 AD 105 is often cited as the year in which
papermaking was invented.
 Paper, and the pulp papermaking process, was said
to be developed in China during the early 2nd
century AD by the Han court eunuch Cai Tun,
although the earliest archaeological fragments of
paper derive from the 2nd century BC in China.
 Whether or not Ts'ai Tun was the actual inventor of
paper, he deserves the place of honor he has been
given in Chinese history for his role in developing a
material that revolutionized his country.

26. The Papermaker
 This life-size statue, which stands in the
center of the Paper Museum, is an
adaptation of an illustration entitled "The
Papermaker," which is believed to have
first appeared in 1698 in the Book of
Trades by Christopher Weigel.

27. Paper Making Processes
 There are three main process of
papermaking:
1. chemical pulping processes
2. Mechanical pulping
3. Deinked pulp

28. Papermaking Spreads
Throughout Asia
 From China, papermaking moved to Korea, where
production of paper began as early as the 6th
century AD.
 According to tradition, a Korean monk named Don-
cho brought papermaking to Japan by sharing his
knowledge at the Imperial Palace in approximately
AD 610.
 Taught by Chinese papermakers, Tibetans began to
make their own paper as a replacement for their
traditional writing materials.
 Chinese papermakers also spread their craft into
Central Asia and Persia, from which it was later
introduced into India by traders.

29. The Spread of Papermaking in
Europe
 From Samarkand, papermaking spread to Baghdad
in the 8th century AD and into Damascus, Egypt,
and Morocco by the 10th century.
 It took nearly 500 years for papermaking to reach
Europe from Samarkand
 Although the export of paper from the Middle East to
Byzantium and other parts of Europe began in the
10th and 11th centuries, the craft was apparently not
established in Spain and Italy until the 12th century.
 Early paper was at first disfavored by the Christian
world as a manifestation of Moslem culture, and a
1221 decree from Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II
declared all official documents written on paper to be
invalid

30. Paper Types
 Art Paper
Used For Brochures,
calendars, magazine
covers, magazine text.
 Bible Paper
used for printing bibles.
Not suitable for pen and
ink.
Fax Base Paper
For making Fax images

31.  Book Paper
used for the book text paper but also
for book cover paper.
 Cigarette Slide
Used for making of Cigarette
Slides .
 Cinema Poster
Used For printing Cinema posters,
Wall papers
 Diary Paper
Used for making of diaries and
sometimes for book printing and
other applications.

32.  Flexible Carton Board
Used for making Flexible
Cartons.
 Glassine Paper
Used for food packaging’s and
other special wrapping
applications.
 Ice Cream Cup
Used for making Ice Cream
Cups.
 Label Paper
Used for printing of labels in
multi color.

33.  Tea Bag Paper
Used for retail packing of tea.
 Textile Tubes and Cones
Used for Laminates, tube
making
 Wall Paper
Coated with multiple colors or
floral designs.
 Soap Wrapper Poster
Used for Wrapping of Soaps.

35. Advantages of Paper
 Used for writing and printing.
 Used as Packaging material
 used as food ingredient.
 Used in industrial and construction
processes
 Use as money, bank note, cheque,
voucher and ticket.

36.  Used for storing information
 Written records are not destroyed when
hard drives crash.
 You can access them without power
 Originals can be maintained
 Inexpensive compared to some forms of
electronic data storage

37. Environmental and financial advantages
of paper
 Saves forest
 Saves wildlife
 Saves money
 Saves water
 Reduces use of oil
 Saves electricity
 Reduces pollution
 Creates jobs

57.  Agriculture
Sacks, seed packets
 Building
Wallpaper, damp-proof courses,
roofing, flooring, flame resistant
papers, plasterboard,
decorative laminates for
furniture, abrasive base paper,
decorative crepe paper, felt
paper for vinyl floor covering.
 Business
Computer tapes, print-out
sheets, advertisements,
circulars, catalogues, filing
systems, sales and service
manuals, brochures, shop-till
paper,

58.  Money, Finance and Security
Money, insurance forms, cheque
books, travellers' cheques, postal
orders, cash bags, papers that contain
special markings which are only visible
when subjected to ultra-violet light,
diazo paper, thermal paper
 Office paper
Photocopying paper, graph papers,
paper twine and string, blotting paper,
carbonless paper, box files, folders,
envelopes,
 Cars
Fascia boards, door and roof liners,
filters, the Highway Code

59.  Communication
Writing, typing, printing, envelopes,
publishing,accounts, receipts, stamps,
newspapers, magazines, greeting cards,
calendars, diaries, telephone directories,
embossing paper,
 Domestic Products
Wrapping and boxes for cleaning materials,
domestic tissues, paper plates and cups,
kitchen towels, table napkins, lampshades.
 Education
Books, exercise books, instruction books,
maps, wall-charts, report cards, Braille
paper, stationery, stencil base paper, rice
paper, pyroxylin coated paper for book
cover, decorative,

60.  Entertainment and Sport
Menu cards, paper hats, crackers,
fireworks, programmes, playing cards,
board games, kites, model aircraft, football
coupons, race cards
 Food Packaging
Wrapping for bread, flour, tea, sugar, butter,
margarine, sweets, deep frozen food etc.,
milk cartons, egg boxes, foil wrappings, tea
bags, sausage skins, cigarette paper,
flexible packaging, twisting paper for candy
wrap, paper cup, lace paper, tablecloth
paper, metallized paper, molded boxes for
egg tray, apple tray, etc.,
 Identification
Gummed labels, identity cards, tamper-
proof labels for supermarkets, release base
paper

61.  Industry
Presentation, wrapping, packaging and
protection for all manufactured goods, transfer
sheets for decorating chinaware, flame retardant
paper, cores, paper tubes, fiber drum, composite
cans, gypsum board liner, decalcomania paper
for ceramic/glass, electrical insulation paper,
condenser tissue paper, glass fiber paper for
filtering process,
 Electrical
Special insulating boards, electrolytic condenser
paper, wrapping and identification for electrical
cables, printed circuits, battery separators
 Filtration
Filters for water air, coffee, medicine, beer, oil
and for mechanical uses.
 Impregnated Papers
Polishing, waxing, cleaning.

62.  Protective Papers
Grease proof and corrosion-resistant
products, sleeves for compact discs.
 Medical
Packaging to keep instruments and
equipment sterilized, bandages,
plasters, clothing for nurses, face
masks, surgeons' caps, disposable
bed pans, sheets, pillowcases,
medical packaging,
 Personal
Facial and toilet tissue, towels,
sanitary products, tableware, sheets,
disposable nappies, confetti, carrier
bags, gift wrapping, diapers,

63.  Photographic
Films, photographs, enlargements,
mounts, lens cleaners, extrusion
paper for photographic purpose,
 Record keeping and other
documentation
Legal documents, birth, marriage
and death certificates, wills, history,
scientific data
 Travel
Tickets, passports, maps, charts,
luggage labels, timetables, fiber for
suitcases.