Presentation1.pptx

Department of Political Science
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY,BANGLADESH

ASSIGNMENT ON
Understanding Bangladeshi Interest And Strategy to INDIA.
COURSE NAME : Geo-Politics : Bangladesh & Neighbors
COURSE NO : 208
Submitted By
Group No : 5
1923021,1923022
Submitted to 1923023,1923024
MD. Obaidul Haque 1923025,1923043,
Assistant Professor 1923044,1923060
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY,BANGLADESH 1923061,1923063
1923064.

Context
➢ Introduction
➢ Meaning of interest according to geo-politics
➢ Meaning of strategy according to geo-politics
➢ Perspective to interest geo politics between
Bangladesh and India
➢ Perspective to strategy according to geo-politics
between Bangladesh and India
➢ Importance of interest and strategy between
Bangladesh and India
➢ Foreign policy of Bangladesh to India.
➢ Subject matter of geo-politics according to
Bangladesh to India
➢ Evolution
➢ Own view
➢ Last message
➢ Conclusion

Introduction: While Bangladesh emerged as an
independent state 50 years ago, it had unable to
attract the attention of the world but now it is
undeniable that Bangladesh is somehow significant
in the discussion of geo-politics. India has a massive
geo-political relation with Bangladesh and to follow
this Bangladesh is very needed to set the effective
interest and strategy to India. India is one of the
strongest countries in world politics for its
geographical position. So, Bangladesh has a massive
chance to enrich its geo-political condition to set an
effective interest and strategy.
MD. Akib Al Hasan
Roll: 1923021

• Meaning of interest according to Geo-Politics : Geopolitics include relations between the
interest international political actors focused within an area a space or a geographical system
. Some make efforts to achieve realistic goals and objectives based on foreign policy which
are commonly referred to as national interest. Expecting any government to act unceasingly
for reasons other than the national interest is nothing but futile effort . It is the demand of a
country and the dream of the people though which their economy , foreign policy , in a word
, to keep pace with the internal and external world to achieve maximum profit of a through
of their own interest .
According to Professor Frankel- “ Interest is the same way that relationship between the
individual and the individual is governed by the calculation of personal profit and loss . So is
inter - state relations governed by the calculation of the profit and loss of the nation and the
state”.
National interest is a variable suffix . The national interest of each country may be different .
The possible goals and objectives of the national interest are discuss below:
• 1.To Protect the independence, sovereignty and integrity of the country.
• 2.The protect national unity and solidarity .
• 3. Giving top priority of national interest in any situation .
• 4. Ensuring economic , Political , social and cultural emancipation of all citizens on basis of
social justice .
• 5. To fulfill all the democratic nights of every citizen etc.

Meaning of strategy according to Geo - politics : A strategy is not merely a static
plan of action , rather it is a dynamic awareness of one's goals , an evaluation of
consequences given the fact that one's adversaries also implementing their
strategy to secure a desired and perhaps even a mutually unattainable , outcome .
The process of making strategy is often elusive and hand to do.
“ Strategy is neither policy non armed combat , rather it is the bridge between them
. "
In order to capture the connection between geography and strategy , there express
geo - strategy . By it means , " geographic focus of foreign policy, or where a state
directs its power . It is a descriptive and not a normative concept because it does
not propose where a state ought to direct its attention and project power . Strategy
must take into account geography an actual appreciation
of the actual terrain across which an armed force has to fight can be critical to
success .Geostrategic , a subfield of geopolitics , is a type of foreign policy . guided
principle by geographical factors as they inform constrain on effect political and
military planning .
The impact of geo - politics on strategy occurs whether in providing opportunities ,
in imposing limitations and in shaping the deployment and utilization of armed
forces . Political goals in warfare must take these considerations into account for
success to occur .
Mst.Shohagi Khatun
Roll: 1923044

Geo-political interests and strategy between Bangladesh and India: Bangladesh
and India are two neighboring countries in South Asia . Bangladesh is a Bengali
nationalist , nation state but India is a collective country of different nations.
(a)Interests in India-Bangladesh partnership: Bangladesh and India are
developing Country. The two Prime Ministers expressed satisfaction over the
current state of bilateral relations based on history, culture, language and other
common features. They cited the fraternal bond between Bangladesh and India
as an example of an excellent partnership for sovereignty, equality, trust and
understanding. They pay tribute to the martyrs of the Bangladesh Liberation
War, the freedom fighters and the Indian soldiers who gave their lives in 1971.
(b)Bangladesh-India Interests and Strategies for Dealing in Health Sector: In the
aftermath of covid-19 epidemic, both sides discussed their respective countries.
They expressed satisfaction with the way the two countries have been
communicating in the current crisis. Bangladesh is being given utmost
importance under India's 'Neighbor First' policy.

(C) Bangladeshi interest and strategy to India in the field of culture : Prime Minister
Sheikh Hasina has lauded the various programs organized by India in the 'Mujib
Year'. The two Prime Ministers jointly issued the stamp issued by the Government of
India on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman. On the occasion of Gandhiji's 150th birth anniversary, Shri Modi thanked
the Government of Bangladesh for issuing the stamp in honor of Mahatma Gandhi.
(d) Bangladesh -India interest and strategy in trade and Commerce : Prime Minister
Sheikh Hasina has lauded the duty and quota free opportunities that India has been
providing to Bangladeshi exporters since 2011. In the case of ports, various
restrictions, various procedural complexities, in the case of quarantine, the two
Prime Ministers have emphasized the importance of creating opportunities for free
trade and commerce. As a result, both countries will be able to take advantage of
flexible policies like SAFTA.Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has lauded the duty and
quota free opportunities that India has been providing to Bangladeshi exporters
since 2011. In the case of ports, various restrictions, various procedural complexities,
in the case of quarantine, the two Prime Ministers have emphasized the importance
of creating opportunities for free trade and commerce. As a result, both countries
will be able to take advantage of flexible policies like SAFTA.

(e)lnterests and strategies of Bangladesh and India in border Management
and security : As militancy is a major issue for peace and security in the
international arena, both sides stressed the need to take all possible steps
to eradicate terrorism
(f) Regional and international interest annd strategy : The two leaders
discussed the international economic situation in the context of COVID-19.
Regional organizations like SAARC and BIMSTEC can play an important role
in this area. Finally, I can say that India has culture, social and economic
ties with Bangladesh. The history,Culture, tradition of two countries are
almost identical and similar. There is an interrelationship between
Bangladesh and India which completely depends on interest and strategy.
• Reference:
• 1.Dynamics of Bangladesh and India relation,Forooq sobhan
• 2.Daily nayadigonto
• Nahida afrin lima
• Roll:1923061

Significance of Bangladeshi interest and strategy to India: Bangladesh's
largest and most significant neighbors is India . In general , geographical
location , population , size of the economy , and socio - cultural orientation of
a country determine the significance of its relations with its neighbors . The
Bangladesh - India relationship is very significant for both
nations , considering the emerging dynamics in today's South Asian sub -
system . From security , economic , and strategic perspectives , mutual
interests of both the neighbors are mostly overlapping . Each country's
importance to each other is appended below :
1.Bangladeshi Interest to India: Geopolitics with the interests of Bangladesh is
discussed in full below:
(i) national power Growth and conservation :The geopolitics of Bangladesh
has a direct and indirect effect on how much the national power of
Bangladesh will increase and how much it will be preserved; Bangladesh seeks
India's help to increase its national strength.
(ii) Stick to one's own doctrine: Sovereignty and self-respect of Bangladesh is
established through national interest. And behind this is the influence of
geopolitics of Bangladesh. For example, India is desperate to get transit
facilities to Bangladesh. Bangladesh can take advantage of this opportunity to
achieve a larger interest.

• (iii) Protecting Independence and Sovereignty: Maintaining state sovereignty, maintaining
political independence, geographical integrity and national security is one of the most
important national interests of Bangladesh. And the strategy to maintain this independence
and sovereignty is geopolitics. It works in the interest of national security.
• (iv) International Cooperation: International Cooperation is an important national interest for
Bangladesh, a small and third world country. On the basis of geopolitical relations, Bangladesh
could seek cooperation from neighboring India.
• (v) Enhancing National Dignity : Bangladesh's position in the middle of South and Southeast
Asia, along the Bay of Bengal, its border with Northeast India, etc., is increasing Bangladesh's
national status with India.
• 2.Strategic Considerations Bangladesh to India: Bangladesh is situated between the Himalayan
foothills in the north and the Bay of Bengal in the south. The country is the only geographical
real estate that connects South Asia with South East Asia. As a result, Bangladesh is an
important country to operationalized India's 'Act East' policy. With support from Bangladesh,
land - based. connectivity with South East Asian emerging economies gets enhanced. Today,
Bangladesh is located in between India's strategic backyard and China's strategic periphery.
This unique geographic location of the country has resulted in a 'Sino - Indian geopolitical tug -
of - war' to win over Dhaka. inroads into South Asia, India has started to provide aid and make
strategic investments in Bangladesh to counter Chinese influence in its neighborhood.
• Reference :
• 1.Geopolitics and Bangladesh Book -Showkot Ara 2.India Foundation Jurnal, September -
October 2019
• Rubayet Zaman Niloy
• Roll:1923064

Foreign policy of Bangladesh to India: Foreign policy of a country is primarily a
projection of its socio-economic and political compulsions in international politics.
Apart from other determinates, the foreign policy of Bangladesh was always guided
by its core factor where India occupies centrestage. Bangladesh pursues its foreign
policy based on its geographical surroundings, historical legacy and more importantly
persistance of a number of outstanding bilaterial issues. Now I will discuss the
elements of foreign policy of Bangladesh to India.
1. History: In the general election of October 2001, the Bangladesh National Party
(BNP) of Begum Khaleda Zia scored landslide victory. The alliance has a two-third
majority in parliament enough to pass any constitutional amendment. Many
moderate Muslims minorities and also India were concerned that with the BNP's
accession to power. The Islamic component of Bangladesh nationalism would acquire
higher salience which would not only adversely affect bilateral relations but many
also pose problems for India and its own pularalistic society. These Islamic
components played an anti-liberation role in 1971.
2.Areas of contentions: The main factor which have contributed to the strained
relation between the two countries are Insurgency. The other contention of between
two countries are –
*Farakka Barrage Dispute
* Teesta river dispute
* Border management and illegal migration also divided into many.

3. Recent Development: Geo-strategic and security issues remain important dimension in
Bangladesh India relations. It can be argued that during honorable Mr. Narendra Modi’s regims,
New Delhi tried to reach New Delhi – Dhaka tries to new height from economic, political or
geo-strategic dimensions. Regarding geo-strategic calculus, it can be argued that New Delhi is
attaching great significance to Dhaka. Trade has been an important dimension in Indo-Bangla
relations or interest since the independence of Bangladesh. It is partinent to note that since
1971 until 2004. India was the largest trading partner of Bangladesh connectivity issue is also a
priority area in recent Bangladesh India relation. Issue of power and internet is a new avenue
of cooperation between India and Bangladesh.
4. Defense Relation: During Sheikh Hasina's four day visit to New Delhi in April 2017 Bangladesh
and India signed two defense agreements, the first such agreement between India and any of
its neighbours. Under the agreements the militaries of the two countries will conduct joint
exercises and training. Defence cooperation between India and Bangladesh has seen significant
progress in the last few years. Some quarters in both countries are sceptical about the
agreements, citing the ineffectual treaty of friendship cooperation and peace often reffered to
as a “defense pact” signed in 1972. The brief analysis the drivers of current efforts to push
mutually beneficial defence cooperation.
5. Energy cooperation: It is well documented that energy supply constraints in India and
Bangladesh have been impending economic growth of these countries. Both nations have been
experiencing acute power shortages and both but especially India are expecting a steady
demand for power and hydrocarbon resources in the near future. India and Bangladesh have
also linked the framework of Understanding (FOU) on cooperation in the hydrocarbon sector.
• Sherajam Monira Tasnim
• Roll: 1923044

6.Trade & investment : The trade is set to go at $ 10 billion by 2018 through
ports. Bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh stood at US $ 6.6 billion in
2013 14 with India's exports at US $ 6.1 billion and imports from Bangladesh at
US $ 462 million, representing more than double the value of US $ 2.7 billion
five years ago. Bangladesh Cabinet has approved a revised trade deal with
India under which the two nations would be able to use each other's land and
water routes for sending goods to a third country, removing a long - standing
barrier in regional trade. Under the deal India would also be able to send
goods to Myanmar through Bangladesh. It incorporated a provision that the
deal would be renewed automatically after five years if neither of the countries
did not have any objection.

7.High level visits: Prime Minister Ershad visited India in 1982. Minister
Sheikh Hasina visited India in 2010 to sign number of deals. Indian Prime
Minister Manmohan Singh visited Dhaka in 2011 to sign number of deals.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Bangladesh which was historic as
land boundary agreement was solved in 2015.

8.Economic activity: Bangladesh - India
bilateral trade was over US $ 10 billion in 2018-
19. In 2011, India approved a $ 750 million
loan for developing Bangladesh infrastructure
and offered another $ 1 billion soft loan for
infrastructure development in 2014.

10.COVID - 19 pandemic cooperation: Bangladesh started mass COVID - 19
vaccinations with India's Serum Institute Covishield vaccines on 7 February 2021.
Bangladesh procured 7 million doses and India had meant to gift a further 3.3
million doses .Due to a second wave of COVID - 19 in India, the vaccine export was
halted. It hampered the vaccination program in Bangladesh.In April 2021,
Bangladesh sent medicines and medical equipment to India following the
deteriorating COVID - 19 situation in India. The relief package consisted of
approximately 10,000 vials of Remdesivir, (produced in Bangladesh by Beximco)
anti-viral injections, oral anti-viral, 30,000 PPE kits, and several thousand zinc,
calcium, vitamin C and other necessary tablets. In May 2021, the government of
Bangladesh sent a second consignment of COVID - 19 relief consisting of antibiotics,
paracetamol, protective equipment and hand sanitizer.

10.Scholarships: Every year 200 Bangladeshi students receive ICCR scholarships .
India has offered scholarships for meritorious Bangladeshi under and post graduate
students and PhD researchers to undertake studies in traditional systems of
medicines like Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy, according to Indian High
Commission in Dhaka.In 2017, 400 Indian medical students protested in Chittagong
after they failed to register with the Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council.
Reference : 1)India today. 2)The hindu;press trust of India ;5 june 2015 3)The Daily
star. 4)Economic time;july 2020. 5)bdnews24.com 6)hindustantimes. com/14 jan
2017 7)The Economic times. 8)Prothom Alo; 26 April 2021 .
Aisha Sultana
Roll:1923063

Subject matter of geo-politics according to Bangladesh to India:
Security and defence system: - Security and defence is an important part of our
cooperation with Bangladesh. We have undertaken joint military exercise on a regular
basis, training and capacity building exercises. It is regular practice for chiefs of our
armed forces to visit Bangladesh.
Trade and commerce: with the onset of economic liberation in South Asia, they forged
greater bilateral engagement and trainide. The historic Ganges Water sharing Treaty
Concluded in 1996. The bilateral trade between India, and Bangladesh stood at $10.8
billion in 2020-21 as against $9.5 billion in 2019-20. Major exports from India, to
Bangladesh include cotton, fuel ,vehicle parts and machinery and mechanical
appliances. Bangladesh is India's biggest trade partner in South Asia and India is the
second, biggest trade partner of Bangladesh.
Techonology and communication System: Bangladesh and India have deep ties in
techonology and communication system. In the post-war period Bangladesh's
communication System and techonology completely destroyed. At that time, India
were provided a lot of assistance to Bangladesh. But at that time now Bangladesh is
far ahead in technology. At present Bangladesh has launched a satellite into Space
Bangabandhu Satellite-1 is the first geostationary communication and broadcasting
Satellite of Bangladesh. It was launched Kennedy Space center on 11 May 2018. with
this, Bangladesh was added as the 57th country to launch its own satellite.

Government policy: Government policy exists in every independent country every of the
world.The government policy of Bangladest is based on the interests of the people of the country
and the agreement is made with the government of india. And Such projects are agreed upon
where the interests of are observed. For example: In June 2015. Indian prime Minister Narendra
Modi visited Bangladesh and 22 agreements. were signed between the two countries. 200 million
loan agreement was reached and an investment of 500 million was announced. There are some
treaty between Bangladesh and India
• 1.Hill Tracts peace Accord
• 2 December 1997
• 2.Bangladesh-India Friendship agreement 1972
• 3.Gangs water agreement 1975.
• 4.Teesta Dam project.
Mamun Hossain
Roll: 1923023

• Economic Activity: In 1972 Bangabondhu and Indira Gandhi signed 25 year bilateral cooperation.
Bangladesh is India’s biggest trade partner in South Asia and India is the second biggest trade
partner of Bangladesh. Bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh has grown steadily over the
last decade and the exports of Bangladesh have tripled over the last decade to cross $1 bn in 2018-
19. In the FY 2019-20, India’s exports to Bangladesh were $8.2 bn and imports were $1.26 bn.
Meetings of various institutional mechanisms to promote bilateral trade include that of Secretary
level meetings of Commerce and shipping ministries, LCS/ICP infrastructure and establishment of
Indian Economic Zone etc. In order to promote cooperation on bilateral trade, an India-Bangladesh
CEO’s Forum was launched in December 2020 to provide policy level inputs in various areas of
trade and investment and also to facilitate exchanges among the business communities of both the
countries. The first meeting of the India Bangladesh Textile Industry Forum was held in February
2020 to enhance linkages and collaboration in the textile sector. Cooperation in the power sector
has become one of the hallmarks of India Bangladesh relations. Bangladesh is currently importing
1160 MW of power from India. The Joint Working Group (JWG)/Joint Steering Committee (JSC) on
power provides an institutional framework to promote bilateral cooperation in cross border trade
of electricity. In January 2021, the Government of India gifted 2 million Covishie ld (Oxford-
AstraZeneca vaccines) to Bangladesh to assist in its efforts to fight against the pandemic. The
Government of Bangladesh, BEXIMCO Pharmaceuticals Limited of Bangladesh and the Serum
Institute of India (SII) have signed a trilateral MOU to procure 3 crore doses of COVID-19 vaccine
from the SII. Bangladesh is the biggest development partner of India today. India has extended 3
Lines of Credits (LOC) to Bangladesh in the last 8 years amounting to US$ 8 billion for development
of infrastructure in various sectors including roads, railways, shipping and port. In 2011 , India
approved a $750 million loan for developing Bangladesh Infrastructure and offered another $1
billion soft loan for Infrastructure development in 2014. Furthermore , Every year 200 Bangladeshi
students receive “ICCR" scholarship. India has offered scholarship for meritorious Bangladeshi
under and post graduate student and PHD researches to undertake studies. “IMF" told Bangladesh
is going to rise above india's GDP per capita. In the year 2012 Bangladesh per capita income was
$883 while India's per capita income was $ 1444. In the year 2010 India's per capita income almost
more than double of Bangladesh.

• Transport Policy: Transport between India and Bangladesh bears much historical and political
significance for both countries, which possessed no ground transport link for 43 years .
Starting with the partition of Bengal and India in 1947 . The “kolkata – Dhaka” Bus ( 1999) and
the “Dhaka – Augrtala” Bus ( 2001) are the primary road links between the two country . A
direct “kolkata- Agurtala” running through Dhaka , the capital of Bangladesh is being develop
by both countries. The Maitri Express ( friendship Express ) was launched to revive a railway
link between Kolkata and Dhaka . Biman Bangladesh Airlines , the national carriers of
Bangladesh connect Dhaka and Chittagong with Kolkata and in 2019 it started operating flight
from Dhaka to Delhi. Moreover, Other privet airline of Bangladesh like: Regent Airline , US-
Bangla Airline , connect both Dhaka and Chittagong with Kolkata. There was also “ Bondhon
Express” that connect Khulna to Kolkata. The 10 locomotives that India gifted to Bangladesh
last month were all second-hand but were “in good condition”, multiple sources have told
ThePrint. According to sources, the 10 broad gauge locomotives that New Delhi gifted to
Dhaka was in line with a commitment that Prime Minister Narendra Modi had made to his
Bangladeshi counterpart Sheikh Hasina during her visit to New Delhi in October 2019 when
Dhaka had sought the locomotives. Forty more ambulances—a gift from Indian Prime Minister
Narendra Modi—arrived in Bangladesh through the Benapole land port on Thursday morning.
Additional Commissioner of Benapole Customs House, Neyamul Islam said that the 40
ambulances entered Bangladesh in the morning from the Petrapole border on the Indian side.
According to the Indian High Commission, Prime Minister Modi announced the gift of 109
ambulances to Bangladesh during his state visit on March 26-27, to help bolster healthcare,
especially in the shared effort to contain the Covid pandemic. [ Source: The financial Express ,
Saturday, 28 May 2022 )

• Geographical position: Bangladesh geographical location
➢ Latitude between 20° 34' and 26° 38' North
➢ Longitude between 88° 01' and 92° 41' East.
• On the other hand , India’s geographical location
➢ Latitude between 8°4’ and 37°6’ North
➢ Longitude between 68° 7’ and 97° 25' East .
Boundaries with India :
North > India ( west Bengal and Meghalya )
South > India ( West Bengal )
East > India ( Tripura and Assam )
• Maritime claims : India’s territorial Sea : 12 nm while Bangladesh’s territorial Sea: 12 nm .
• Geography: The Bangladesh- India border border regionally called the international Boundary ( IB ) .
• India: Most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers flowing from the Himalays ,the Ganges unites
with the Jamuna .
• Bangladesh: Dominates south Asian subcontinent near important indian ocean trade routes , kanchenjunga
third tallest mountain in the world.
• Sea dispute: The Un permanent court of Arbitration in the Hague , Netherlands, finalized the Bangladesh-
India maritime boundary on July 2014. Bangladesh has got 19,046 sq km of the disputed 25,602 sq km arwa
of sea in the Bay of Bengal by the decision of the permanent Arbitration court of Netherlands. While India
got remain 6,135 sq km.
• Sundarbans: The Sundarbans covers an area of 10,000 sq km , with 6,016 sq km ( 72 %) in Bangladesh and
the rest ( 36%) in India.
• Md. Masumul Islam
• Roll: 1923022
• Blue economy

• Blue economy policy: Since 2014, the Government of Bangladesh has initiated discussions with
stake holders in order to adopt the concept of a blue economy across relevant policies and
strategies. By definition the blue economy foster the idea of sustainable deriving economic value
from the untapped potential of marine resources using sustainable solutions and innovations for
increasing food security, improving, nutrition and health alleviating poverty, creating, jobs,
increasing trade and industrial profiles while protecting ecosystem health and bio-diversity and
maintaining regional peace and security. This policy paper focuses on Bangladesh is transition to a
blue economy thought the analyzes of existing and potential sectorial opportunities and
constraints. It also provides away forward in terms of actions to be carried out for the sustainable
development of ocean economy sectors. It has been elaborated on the outcome of the join
collaboration on blue economy between the government of Bangladesh and its development
partners such as the European union, the world bank and the UK, research institution such as the
university of portsmouth.
• Tourist policy: Historically, tourism in India has been important and in fact in encourage by Hindu
scriptures Nevertheless international tourism to India and south Asia generally has languished in
recent times in contrast to the growth of international tourist in the fastest tourism growth rate of
the any region in the world paying particular attention to India and Bangladesh some of the
economy and others reasons for the lack-luster performance are outline e.g. government
regulations restriction of competition in the tourist and travel industry state provision of tourist
service currency restrictions. Now that India and to some extent Bangladesh have embarked on
economy reforms to helps liberalism economy some to their previous impediments to international
tourist will be reduced will be reduced. Both in the India and Bangladesh the government has as
played a major role in the provision of tourist services. Facility such as air and rail transport but
hotels lodges guest house and tourist themselves .Al though the governments to India and
Bangladesh have paled a major role in tourist with the economy structural adjustments that are
occurring or planned the relatives role of the government in the tourist sector can be expected to
decline .In India for example greater competitions governments owned hotels are to be sold to
private industry.

• Environmental policy: Bangladesh and India are two important actors in south Asia. The important
to each other is not less them any others state because of their geographical proximity, geopolitical
correlation regional connectivity Besides, they have a common legacy of history, society and culture
in several spheres. Thus the relation between Bangladesh and India has numerus imperatives in
internal as well as external discourses .The polities ,economy, trade, connectivity etc. are discussed
much in this areas but the environmental and hydro-focused thought this issue is highly important
in terms of polities economics, energy, security. Recently, Bangladesh celebrated 50 years off the its
birth anniversary. On this occasion several introspective analyses and were raised pointing to
domestic. Geographically, the area was constructed by the GangaBrahmaputra, Meghna river basic.
The Ganges river system is the part and parcel of the livelihood of people living in Bangladesh and
India. But the contention on water sharing and hydro logical management is still unresolved .India
built a barrage on this river before the independence of Bangladesh. Besides, the Sundarbans, the
world largest mangrove forest situated at the shore of Bay of Bangel. It also course a trans
boundary landscape of approximately 10000 sq. km encompassing both India and Bangladesh. The
maritime boundary is a crucial issue in Bangladesh India relations. The maritime boundary
demarcation issue between Bangladesh and India was resolved the by permanent court of
Arbitration (PCA) in 2014.Both Bangladesh and Indian representatives commented the
administering .
• MD. Sabbir Mia
• Roll: 1923025

• Evolution: We have an emotional relationship with the influential neighbour India, which
Surrounds Bangladesh on three sides centering on the war of libaration. But over time, that is likely
to change. Meanwhile, a number of issues remain unresolved between the two countries, including
the question of sharing the Tessta river & stopping killing at the border. Teesta issue is pending and
the issue of Teesta water sharing agreement has been pending for more than a decade. The issue of
not resolving it has also become a big issue in the politics of Bangladesh. The issue of not stopping
the killing of Bangladeshi citizens at the border is also big issue in Bangladesh. Although India has at
various times promised to stop killing people at the boarder,Bangladesh is concerned that it has not
stopped. Another big reason is that the anti Muslim sentiment is growing in the Hindutva
movement in India.Now in the Hindutva policy that their current a government is pursuing.Since
Bangladesh Muslim - majority country, its activities are having a direct impact here.Bangladesh did
not get desired international support from India in the Rohingya issue.Although the International
Court of Justice (ICJ) has determined the maritime boundaries of India and Bangladesh, the two
countries contradictory positions over t continential shelf claim & objections to the baseline have
raised a controversy.
• The main bilateral processes of the two countries are:
• 1.security cooperation development cooperation.
• 2.Land boundary Agreement (LBA).
• 3.Integrated Border management plan. (CBMP).
• 4.Bilateral trade agreement.
• 5. Bilateral Investment promotion and protection Agreement (BIPA).
• 6.Joint Working Group on trade.
• 7.Joint Rover Commission
• 8.Ganges water sharing agreement.
• 9.Memorandum of understanding for the protection of the Sundarbans.
• 10.Revised travel arrangements. There may be some unresolved issues between two countries, but
they are being discussed.We are trying to resolve them as well.In fact, do not See any problem
between the two countries which cannot be resolved.
Name: Sumaya khatun
Roll:192306

Conclusion: We know that Bangladesh has multiple problems with India. The time has come for the
authorities to be more vigilant in resolving this and protecting the interests of our Bangladesh. One
of the reasons for our country's trade deficit is the Indian policy. India has not implemented the
SAFTA agreement on a number of commodity reduction tariffs. Even if the latest 513 products are
discounted, it is not possible for Bangladesh to export 350 products. The then Foreign Secretary of
India proposed in 1997 to use the ports of Chittagong and Mongla but the last time in 2016
Bangladesh allowed the use of these two ports from the point of view of its own interests. The
keynote of India's foreign policy is Neighbourhood Fast. But keeping the interests of his country
intact. However, in the case of Bangladesh, even if India's receipt is less, it will create a new
equation in the geopolitical environment in the future. Which will accelerate the economic
movement of the people of Bangladesh and themselves.
• Md Sohan Islam
• Roll:1923024
• Reference: 23
• ➢ “The new World order and Contemporary International Politics”
• (Wrote by : Tareq Shamsur Rehman)
• ➢ “Contemporary Geopolitics and Bangladesh”
• ( Wrote by : Major General AK Mohammad Ali Sikder , PSC Retirement )

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