paragraph writing

1. Paragraph writing, its
types and elements. Also
explain Reading
strategies
Presented By:
Atiqa
Course code:
Course title:
Teacher name:
Dr. Muhammad Hussain

2. CONTENTS:
•PARAGRAPH WRITING
•TYPES
•ELEMENTS
•READING STRATEGIES

3. PARAGRAPH WRITING
DEFINITION OF PARAGRAPH
PARAGRAPH WRITING
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF A
PARAGRAPH
ELEMENTS OF A PARAGRAPH

4. A PARAGRAPH
A SHORT PART OF A TEXT,
CONSISTING OF AT LEAST
ONE SENTENCE AND BEGINNING O
N A NEW LINE. IT
USUALLY DEALS WITH

A SINGLE EVENT, DESCRIPTION, ID
EA, ETC.

5. PARAGRAPH WRITING
• A PARAGRAPH MAY BE WELL DESCRIBED AS A
GROUP OF SEVERAL WELL ORGANIZED,
COMPLETE, CORRECT, AND CONCISE
SENTENCES COMBINED TOGETHER FOCUSING
ON ONE SUBJECT, THEME, OR CENTRAL IDEA.

6. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF A PARAGRAPH
UNITY
ORDER
VARITY
LENGTH
TOP SENTENCE
COHERENCE
COMPLETENESS

7. Pre-writing
• Whatever comes in your mind just write.
• Strategies of prewriting:
• Brain storming
• Free writing
• Clustering
• Questioning

8. Brain storming

9. Clustering

10. QUESTIONING

11. ELEMENTS OF A PARAGRAPH
o A TOPIC SENTENCE- INSPIRES PEOPLE TO WANT TO
STUDY MORE.
o THE FIRST MAJOR POINT- SHOWS, SUPPORTS UP, OR
DESCRIBES THE PATIENT PHRASE.
o THE SECOND MAJOR POINT- USUALLY PROVIDES A
PURPOSE FOR THE FIRST FACTOR CREATED.
o THE THIRD MAJOR POINT- CAN HELP CONFIRM THE
PATIENT PHRASE OR BACK UP THE FIRST OR SECOND
MAJOR FACTOR OF THE PHRASE.
o THE CONCLUSION- AMOUNTS UP THE ASPECTS OR
THOUGHTS AND IT USUALLY DOES THE PATIENT.

12. MAIN ELEMENTS OF A PARAGRAPH
•THE TOPIC SENTENCE
•SUPPORTING IDEAS
•EVIDENCE
•EXPLANATION (ANALYSIS)
•CONCLUSION

13. THE TOPIC SENTENCE
Come at the beginning of each sentence
General statement
Controlling idea of a paragraph

14. SUPPORTING IDEAS
• MORE FOCUSED ARGUMENTS
• A CLEAR AND DIRECT CONNECTION
WITH THE MAIN IDEAS
• BACKED-UP BY EVIDENCE OR
ILLUSTRATED BY EXAMPLES

15. EVIDENCE
Back

16. EXPLANATION (ANALYSIS)
why the evidence supports the point
why the evidence supports the point
 why that point is relevant to your overall argument
Your analysis should attempt to persuade the reader that
your conclusion is the correct one.

17. CONCLUSION
• SUM UP ALL OF THE INFORMATION
• REVERSE OF THE TOPIC SENTENCE
• FINAL STATEMENT SHOULD BE
GENERAL

18. RULES FOR A PARAGRAPH
•INTRODUCTION
•BODY SENTENCES
•CONCLUSION

19. INTRODUCTION
• EASIER TO WRITE INTRODUCTION OF A
PARAGRAPH
• FIRST SENTENCE SHOULD HAVE
• SOME INTERESTING ANECDOTES
• QUOTES
• OR TRIVIAL FACTS

20. BODY SENTENCES
• FOLLOW THE TOPIC SENTENCE.
• PROVIDE ADDITIONAL DETAILS
• GIVE A CLEAR, COHERENT IDEA
• INSERT FACTS
• MAKE ARGUMENTS AND
• ANALYZE THE ISSUE

21. TYPES OF A PARAGRAPH

22. DEFINITION PARAGRAPH
Define a person
or an object
State meaning
Describe basic
of something

23. NARRATIVE PARAGRAPH
narrate an
incident.
the
events
that
add
up to
a
story.
Norma
lly
chrono
logical

24. PROCESS PARAGRAPH
describes how to
perform a
certain task
. describes the
process of
something
happening

25. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH
Collection of multiple sentences to convey a distinct
message of a single person
Create a
sensory
image on
readers mind
Gives
an
expressi
on of
somethi
ng
Describe
a scene
or a thing
or a
person.

26. OPINION PARAGRAPH
Express
the
writers
opinion
Facts to
support his/her
opinion
It include not
opinion but also
give facts ,
logics and
supporting
information
Reason for
his/her
thoughts
Interpret or
explain fact
Makes
readers
think
About
controv
ersial
issue
Consider both
sides of an
argument
Persuade
reader to
support
this
opinion

27. READING STRATEGIES
SKIMMING
SCANNING
INTENSIVE READING
EXTENSIVE READING
READ BETWEEN LINES

28. SKIMMING
Looking only for the
general or main ideas
Non-fiction (or
factual) material.
Details in addition to
the main ideas.

29. SCANNING
Quick reading
to find some
specific
information

30. INTENSIVE READING
Looking inside
out of text
Focus on
linguistic or
semantic details
Focus on
surface
structure details
Identify key
vocabulary
Read carefully
Aim to build
more language
knowledge

31. EXTENSIVE READING
Help learners
to get
passionate
about
reading. Cente
red
appro
ach
Read
for
pleasu
re

32. READ BETWEEN LINES
Look for employed
meaning
Hidden message in
text of a writer

33. CONCLUSION
•IN THIS PRESENTATION I TRY MY
BEST TO EXPLAIN:
•PARAGRAPH WRITING, ITS
ELEMENTS, BASIC POINTS AND
FIVE TYPES OF PARAGRAPH.
•READING STRATEGIES

34. REFERENCES
• WWW.ENGLISHPRACTICE.COM/WRITING/TYPES-
PARAGRAPHS
• CASCADIAAUTHORSERVICES.COM/TYPES-OF-
PARAGRAPH...
• INFERRING: READING BETWEEN THE LINES ISN’T JUST
FOR READING ..
• EDUCATION.GOV.SCOT/IMPROVEMENT/DOCUMENTS/.
• WWW.HEINEMANN.COM/.../ASSETS/RSB-STUDY_GUIDE.PDF
• WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/HEYITSMEBIANCA/ELEMENTS-OF-
A-PARAGRAPH#:~:TEXT=ELEMENTS OF A PARAG