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Juan Carles Contel, Department of Health, Chronic Care Program, Catalonia
1. The journey from a Chronic
Care Program towards a
model of Integrate health and
social care
2. Session structure
• A new Health Plan and the introduction
of a new STORY
• Chronicity Prevention and Care
Program: the “journey” toward
Integrated Care
• Towards a new evaluation framework:
The first results
• A new journey toward a new Integrated
health and social care model
• Promoting self-care of the patient and
citizen: Catalonian Expert Patient
Program. Towards new Virtual care
model
3. Catalan Healthcare System: some basic features
• Area: 32,106 km2
• Population: 7,611,711 inhabitants. 17% over 65 y.
(expected 32% in 2050)
• 1780 € expenditure per capita and 1150 € public expenditure
per capita in 2012
• Life expectancy: 82.27 years
• Gross Mortality rate (2010):8/1,000 inh.
• Infant mortality (2010): 2.6 /1,000 live births
• 369 Primary Health Centres (PHC) ranging from 20-45,000
inh)
• 69 “acute hospitals” (no far from 50 Km. from every home)
• 96 health-social centres (residential homes: long-stay,
convalescence, pal.liative care)
• 41 Mental Health Centres
5. Source: Catalan Health Plan 2011-2015.
The Catalan Health Plan 2011-2015
Health Programs:
Better health and
quality
of life for everyone
Transformation of the
care models: better
quality, accessibility
and safety in health
procedures
Modernisation of the
organisational
models: a more solid
and sustainable health
system
I
II
III
For each line of action, a series of strategic projects will be developed, which
make up the 31 strategic projects of the Health Plan.
9. Improvements to information, transparency and evaluation
1. Objectives and health programs
7. Incorporation of professional and clinical knowledge
6. New model for contracting health care
5. Greater focus on the patients and families
8. Improvement of the government and participation in the system
2. System
more
oriented
towards
chronic
patients
3. A more
responsive
system from
the first levels
4. System with
better quality
in high-level
specialties
6. 2.1 Integrated clinical processes
2.2 Protection, promotion and
prevention
2.3 Co-responsibility and self-care
2.4 Alternatives in an integrated
system
2.5 Complex chronic patients
2.6 Rational prescription and use of
drugs
Strategic lines of the program
7. 7
An increasing number of elderly
5,2% 5,5% 5,7% 6,1% 6,5%
7,2%
8,2%
9,7%
11,2%
13,8%
17,0%17,2%
19,6%
24,1%
29,2%
31,9%
0,6% 0,7% 0,7% 0,7% 0,9% 1,0% 1,2% 1,5% 1,9%
3,0%
3,9%
5,1%
5,9%
7,2%
9,4%
11,8%
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
25,0%
30,0%
35,0%
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041 2049
> 65a > 80a
Source: INE, projections 2011
1/3 of population will be over 65
and 12% will be over 80
8. Chronic Care Program essential conceptual aspects
• Oriented to people and their needs
• “Population” approach: designed and made for all
• Promotes healthy lifestyles
• People participate from joint responsibility and self-care
• Caregiver and family as main agents in the process of caring
• Social and health approach with a vision of integrated care
• Promotes sustainability and equity of the health system
• “Territorial “ (population based) vision with required Integrated
Care
11. • Integrated Care Pathways as a formal agreement among
professional clinical leaders at local level
• Based on reference clinical guidelines
• How to implement best evidence practice
• Critical key points identification
• Critical variables uploaded at Shared Clinical record
• 80% of territories implemented 3 of 4 chronic
conditions: COPD, depression, heart failure and DM2. Now
Complex Cronic Care Pathways work
• Other 6 conditions to be included in the future
11
Integrated Care Pathways
13. Taking care of complex patients
▪ Stratification model /predictive model
▪ Model of care for patients with complexity
▪ Palliative care-oriented model in persons with advanced chronic
disease
▪ Collaborative model between health services and social
services: integrated health and social care
14. 14
Multimorbidity unified data base
Insured data source
NIA, demographic data
Diagnosis data base
NIA, tipus_codi, codi, data dx ,UP,
tipus_UP
“Contact” data base
NIA, dates contacte ,UP, tipus_UP,
urgent, CatSalut, T_act.
MDS-Hospital
MDS-PHC
MDS-MH
MDS-NH
MDS-A&E
Central Registered
Insured
Health Problems
Pharmacy (PHC
and hospital
provided)
Pharmacy data base
NIA, ATC, data dispensació, unitats,
Import
Mortalitat (INE)
Data sources
Divisió d’Anàlisi de la Demanda i de l’Activitat
18. -Care centres that have patients classified and marked in these two
types, can publish this label/mark in HC3
- The classification / label must be visible on all the screens , given the
importance of the condition
- It has been incorporated in July 2013 version to HC3 stratification
with Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs)
PCC: Complex Chronic
Patient
MACA: Advanced chronic
disease
19. NUCLEAR CARE MODEL
IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORTING GUIDE
Source: PPAC 2013. Departament de Salut
NEW
INDIVIDUAL
ACTIONS
TEAM
REDESIGN
TERRITORY
COMPLEXITY
CARE
PATHWAY
Basic
requirements
Optimal
provision
Excellence
21. “Shared Individual Intervention Plan” (PIIC)
Health problems/Diagnosis
Active Medication
Allergies
Reccommendations for “in cases
of crisis” or exacerbation
Advanced Care Planning
Resources and services used
Multidimensional assessment
Carer whom are delegated decisions
Additional information of interest
22. Check list for support of deployment complexity care model
Basic and Priority: “PCC” and “MACA” identification and labelling +
Integrated Care Pathway + 24 / 7 model + Carer identification and support
23. Level 2
Chronic patients at risk
Case
Management
Disease
Management
Self-care suport
Level 1
People with stable
chronic diseases at
early stage
Level 3
Complex
chronic
patients
Comorbidity, emergency
hospitalizations, A&E visits,
moderate and severe
dependency, polypharmacy
HEALTH PROMOTION Healthy people
WHO do we like to identify people at risk?
24. 24
Multimorbidity unified data base
Insured data source
NIA, demographic data
Diagnosis data base
NIA, tipus_codi, codi, data dx ,UP,
tipus_UP
“Contact” data base
NIA, dates contacte ,UP, tipus_UP,
urgent, CatSalut, T_act.
MDS-Hospital
MDS-PHC
MDS-MH
MDS-NH
MDS-A&E
Central Registered
Insured
Health Problems
Pharmacy (PHC
and hospital
provided)
Pharmacy data base
NIA, ATC, data dispensació, unitats,
Import
Mortalitat (INE)
Data sources
Divisió d’Anàlisi de la Demanda i de l’Activitat
25. Clinical Risk Groups and levels of aggregation
Standard aggregation 1.000 groups (CRG) Aggregation in groups
St. 9: High need
condition
St. 8: Severe neopl
St. 7: Chronic cond.
3 or more organs
St.. 6: Chronic
cond. 2 organs
St. 5: Chronic
condit.
St 4: Minor chronic
cond. diff. organs
St. 3: Minor chronic
cond.
St. 2: Acute
condition
St. 1: Healthy
History of Heart
Transplant
Metastatic Colon
Malignancy
Heart Failure +
Diabetes + COPD
HF + Diabetes
Diabetes
Migraine+
Hiperlipidemia
Migraine
Pneumonia
Healthy
1 4
1 4
1 6
1 6
1 4
1 4
1 2
Health Status CRG Basic Severity
In the standard aggregation (health status,
basic CRG and level of severity) we obtain
a basic information about health status and
level of severity in less than 40 groups
HealthStatus
Severity Level
Status 9
Status 8
Status 7
Status 6
Status 5
Status 4
Status 3
Status 2
Status 1
1 2 3 4 5 6
More than 1,000 groups.
Too much !!!
26. Stratification and Emergency admission risk
CRG RSC
Identification
people at risc
Proactive
measures
Classification people
at risk
Segmentation for
the proactive
management of
people at risk
Identification
and recording at
Clinical Record
27. How does it work the morbidity “grouper”
Population Grouper
Classification
(Stratification)
Intervention
Follow-up
CRG:
Clinical Risk Group
Risk Adjustment
per morbidity
IdentificationKey concepts
28. Returning population stratified data base
Chronic disease selection
Hospitalization
s Risk
ID DM HF COPD Asthma Other: Nº
emerg
admis
ssion
Hospital
Cumulat
ive days
CRG
(status
and
severity)
Hospitaliz
ation Tax
Mortality
Tax
ZAGO234… 1 1 0 0 1 3 18 7.4 80% 40%
ROGU675.. 1 0 1 0 1 1 8 7.3 65% 28%
Selection of patients by different criteria
Different pyramids related to different Risk approach:
Future hospitalization / Death / Future cost
30. Different utilization of Stratification
• To adjust models of “per capita” financing, assigning
different budget related to morbidity burden in each PHC
• To identify populations and population segments with higher
multimorbidity burden and more RISK of.........................:
Emergency hospital admission
High Cost
High pharmacy consumption
High mortality
Higher Social Services Utilization
• To assign “individual” RISK: not yet well calculated, we need more
variables to be included and should accept limitation of these tools
• How to incorporate Stratification scores into Information Systems:
Visualization and access to Shared Clinical Record and local clinical
record
Return of data base to local providers
• Validated model in American population or an own national/regional
model ?
31. Visualization in Shared Clinical
Record and different RISK scores
Morbidity group
and RISK calculated
and published twice
a year
Description
of different
RISK
segments
32. CRG information
(morbidity group),
severity and
Hospitalization Risk
• CRG 7/5
• 3 emergency
admissions
• Hospitalization Risk
of 35%
PCC/MACA
Included in “CASE
MANAGEMENT” Program
CRG and Risk score visualization
33. PATIENT SELECTION by CRG + Nº emergency admissions
last 12 months + Hospitalization RISK next 12 months
34. Current situation chronic patient avaluation
Indicators Primary
Care
Hospital Care
Avoidable Hospital Admissions + -
Home Care program Coverage + -
Health outcomes: good control, process
and treatment
++ -
Readmission rate in chronic processes:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD) and Heart Failure (HF)
- ++
COPD/HF Avoidable Hospital
Admission
- -
Discharge planning in “PRE-Discharge”
program
- +
To ensure continuity care in “POST-
Discharge” program
+ -
“Quality of life” (HRQoL) assessment - -
Fragmented care and fragmented evaluation framework
35. New evaluation vision: “Triple Aim”
Population
Health
Experience
of Care
Per Capita
Cost
• Health Outcomes
Indicators incorporates in
evaluation Primary
Health Care (PHC) (good
control chronic diseases,
vaccination..)
• Quality of life
• Satisfaction
• PROM
• Costs
• Service utilization:
Avoidable
Hospitalizations ,
Readmissions,…
Evaluation and
commissioning
of ”Integrated
Care”
36. Proposed future chronic patient indicators
Indicators Primary Care Hospital Care
Avoidable Hospital Admissions ++ ++
Home Care program Coverage ++ -
Health outcomes: good control, process and
treatment
++ ++
Readmission rate in chronic processes:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD) and Heart Failure (HF)
++ +++
COPD/HF Avoidable Hospital Admission ++ ++
Discharge planning in “PRE-Discharge”
program
++ -
To ensure continuity care in “POST-
Discharge” program
- ++
“Quality of life” assessment ++ ++
37. New contract 2013: Common PHC-Hospital Targets
37
COMMON TRANSVERSAL OBJECTIVES(20%)
Reduction Avoidable Hospital Admissions Rate (composite, HF and COPD)
Reduction 30-day Readmission Rate for HF and COPD (also composite)
Get minimum value prescription pharmaceutical index
% minimum discharges with contact before 48 hours after discharge
% minimum register screening risk factors Metabolic syndrome TMS
ESPECIFIC TRANSVERSE OBJECTIVES (“TERRITORY”) (20%)
% minimum PCC/MACA with Intervention Plan (“PIIC”)
% minimum PCC/MACA with medication review
% minimum PCC/MACA with post-discharge medication conciliation
Reduction emergency admissions in PCC/MACA
Minimum number participants Expert Patient Program
% minimum COPD patients with spirometry
% minimum PHC with Mental Health integration
Prevalence minimum depresion with “severity” criteria
% minimum patients with depresion with “suicide risk” assessment
Development at local level a consultant virtual office
“Amputation rate” reduction in DM
“Ophthalmology/locomotor “ referral first visits under expected tax
38. HTA: TA good control
+1,6% last year variation
55,67
59,34
62,14
63,89
65,60
68,60
69,70
50
55
60
65
70
75
Jan 2007 Dec 2008 Dec 2009 Dec 2010 Dec 2011 Dec 2012 Dec 2013
39. Multidimensional assessment in Home Care
+4,4% last year variation
29,05
65,11
68,63
78,43
81,53
88,50
92,40
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Gen 2007 Des 2008 Des 2009 Des 2010 Des 2011 Dec 2012 Dec 2013
40. Heart Failure: patients treated with ACE
+0,8% last year variation
67,64
71,12
72,93
75,09 75,48
77,00
77,60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
Jan 2007 Dec 2008 Dec 2009 Dec 2010 Dec 2011 Dec 2012 Dec 2013
41. • Indicators of admissions for every Sector and Primary Health Team
• 14 chronic diseases
• Benchmarking with different standards among PHT and Hospitals
Servei Català Salut. División de Registros
MSIQ. Quality measures
MSIQ: http://146.219.25.61/msiq/index.html
42. Hospital admissions for ACSC
‘Composite’ avoidable hospital admissions at December 2013
Monthly udpated information!
Includes: COPD, HF, pneumonia, DM complications, asthma, urinary infections, dehidratation, HTA
Availability of evolution of avoidable emergency admissions for ACSC
per region / sector / PHC team
Source: MSIQ, Catsalut
−6 %
last 24
months
43. Potentially avoidable hospital admissions for COPD
Decrease by 14,8 % from Dec 2011 to Dec 2013 (24 months)
Availability of evolution of avoidable emergency admissions per
region / sector / PHC team
Source: MSIQ, Catsalut
44. Potentially avoidable hospital admissions for
heart failure
Source: MSIQ, CatSalut
Decrease by 2% from Dec 2011 to Dec 2013 (24 months)
Availability of evolution of Avoidable Emergency admissions per
Region / Sector / PHC Team
New trend!
Increase by 25% from 2006 till 2011
47. Expected per capita expenditure
The 1% of top consumers spend 1.701,5M €, the 23%
of total cost with an average of 21.540€ per cápita
costThe 5% of top consumers, spend 3.783,6M €, 51% of
total cost with an average of 9.580€ per cápita cost
Average expenditure (€)
Percentiles related to expenditure
48. Expected per capita expenditure
Average expenditure (€)
Primary Care Pharmacy Emerg.adm. A&E Outpatient Clinics
AGE
Primary Care
Pharmacy
Emergency admissions
Outpatients clinics
49. Expected per capita expenditure
Average expenditure (€)
Primary Care Pharm. Emerg.adm. A&E Outpatient Clinics
COPDDiabet. Dement Card. CVAMent. Cirros. Kidney H. Fail. Neopl.VIH
Primary Care
Pharmacy
Emergency admissions
Outpatients clinics
50. Hospital admission by diagnostic groups > 70 y.
0 4000 8000 12000 16000
Hipertensió essencial
Deliri, demència i altres trastorns cognitius i
amnèsics
Trastorns del metabolisme hidroelectrolític
Asma
Infeccions i ulcera crònica pell
Diabetis mellitus amb complicacions
Hipertensió amb complicacions i hipertensió
secundària
Pneumònia per aspiració d'aliments o vòmits
Infeccions de vies urinàries
Pneumònia (excloent-ne per tuberculosi i MTS)
Malaltia pulmonar obstructiva crònica i bronquièctasi
Insuficiència cardíaca congestiva
70 and more
Pneumonia
Source: DGPRS. Dep Salut, 2013
COPD
HF
Urinary Infection
Asthma
Diabetes with complications
51. Large differences in Hospital admission rates
by sector (x 1.000 hab) for people over 70 y.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120 Taxa crua
Taxa estandarditzada
52. 2.5. Complex Chronic Patients deployment
▪ To define a stratification model that allows segmentation of the
population with chronic diseases with different risk levels.
Creating a predictive model that incorporates risk situation at
Shared Clinical record.
▪ To design Complex Chronic Patient Care Model (PCC).
▪ To design care model for people with advanced chronic
disease.
▪ To define collaborative model between health services and
social services: design care a collaborative model, access to
“Shared her” by social services and incorporation to it
information of common interest, identifying common targets in
contracts Department of Health and Department of Social
Welfare.
PROGRAMA PREVENCIÓ I ATENCIÓ A LA CRONICITAT
53. Integrated Health
and Social Care
is high priority
and policy in
England
https://www.gov.uk/government/
policies/making-sure-health-and-
social-care-services-work-
together
57. Basis for a Social and Health Integrated Care
Plan for Catalonia:
PAISS
58. 25th February 2014:
New Government Agreement
where is launched a new
Integrated Health and
Social Care Plan in Catalonia
Accountable and
reporting to
Department of
Presidency
59. Catalonian Integrated Care model:
Set of elements support Integrated Care
Multi-lever approach: ALL things at the same time
Integrated Care pathway:
•Multiprofessional work
around Primary Care
•Care Transitions
•Residential Care
•24/7 model
Joint Assessment +
Joint Intervention Plan
Stratification: assessing
population needs
Clinical and professional
leadership
Governance: Health and
Social care Boards
Shared Outcome
Framework and
joint accountability
Aligned Incentives
and Integrated
Commissioning
Shared clinical and
social care record
Culture and change
management
Self-care
ENABLERS
60. PIAISS Integrated Care project: operational approach
1. Integrated health and social care approach for people with
health and social needs, including mental health. 24 / 7
2. Joint caseload, joint assessment and joint intervention plan
for risk and vulnerable people with health and social needs
3. Converting high intensive institutional long-term care into home and
community care with comprehensive services
4. Primary Health teams as main providers of residential care
5. Population Stratification including social data
6. Integrated/shared ICT: Shared health and social care record
7. Shared Integrated Care Outcome Framework. Triple Aim
orientation. Single Commissioning Agency in the future
8. Promotion of bottom up experiences based in PIAISS values
and principles
9. Self-management approach.
10.Strong involvement of clinical and professional leadership
60
61. How to conduct a collaborative model?
Local Operational Plan
Situation analysis (through SWOT analysis or any other methodology
for analysing): starting point, barriers, facilitators, opportunities and
threats. External and internal analysis.
Planning: defining an action plan, operational objectives, action lines
and operationalized and calendarized actions.
Communication and implementation: risk analysis tools as well as
control and monitoring tools will be used, transversal implementation
considerations such as quality, communication, training will be taken
into account.
Assessment: the project’s assessment and monitoring model, as well
as participating agents’ responsibilities, assessment commissions and
reports to be created should be defined.
61
62. How to conduct a collaborative model?
1. Environmental and internal analysis at local level
Minimum internal and external situation analysis / Identify critical
elements enabling the building of proposals to be collected in ‘Local
Operational and Functional Plan’ (LFP) / Highly operational guidance
and implementability with short terms results.
2. Integrated operational care model
Operational approach promoting common space and time.
3. Define and use a “territorial governance board”
Strategic governing body / steering group / implementing group
4. Define a common porfolio for people/users
Complex Chronic care and dependence / Home nursing and home help
service (SAD) / Hospital discharge planning / Institutionalized people /
Mental health / Childhood at-risk / Abuse / Active aging, health
promotion and disease prevention / Other
62
63. How to conduct a collaborative model?
5. Shared information systems: constructing a new eClinical and
Social care record
• Identify the person with the CIP (Identification Number) as a common
identifier.
• Prior agreement on the coding and register of social problems.
• Prepare the local social services information system for it to be
‘interoperable’ in a short-medium term and provide a minimum set of
information and variables for a Shared Social and Clinical Record
model.
• Access to a minimum set of information and variables of common
interest on social field for the Shared Clinical Record of Catalonia
(HCCC). Later stage: HCSC fed with input from both health and social
parties.
1st stage: generation of a Social Intervention Plan incorporated to HCSC.
2nd stage: Shared Individual Intervention Plan.
• Communication systems to improve accessibility, messaging and virtual
work between social and health areas.
• Introduce social variables gradually to available health stratification.
63
64. How to conduct a collaborative model?
6. Selection of people based on cross-database and lists of people
from social and health areas and stratification (!!!)
7. Definition of guaranteed protected pathways in transitions
(discharge planning + post discharge support) among services
and in crisis situation and proactive planning.
8. Dependence assessment and recognition procedure optimized
with a guaranteed maximum response time.
9. Incorporation and definition of roles and responsibilities of
different professional profiles (esp. Social workers working in PHC
10. Accountable professional reference for complex cases.
64
65. How to conduct a collaborative model?
11. Common and transverse Shared/Single Outcome
Framework with incentive alignment. Progressive process.
Triple aim vision: health results and good care, service utilization and
good perception of care.
12. Definition and implementation of an integrated home care model.
13. Joint action plan for promoting autonomy, active aging,
health and well being and disease prevention incorporating the
role and collaboration of telecare services.
13. Accessibility solutions and joint technical assistance from a
territorial perspective.
14. Incorporation of the third sector.
65
67. “PCC / MACA”
condition
Shared
Individual
Intervention
Plan (“PIIC”)
Diagnostics/
Health problems
“Dependency
degree” formal
assessment
“Home Help”
services label
“Telecare”
services label
Social Care
Intervention
Plan
Pharmacy
prescription
Health Care Social Care
+ Social
“Health and Social” Integrated eCare
Pilot project in pioneer territories
68. 1. Structure: existence Local Functional Plan (LFP) containing a
minimum analysis of situation, action and evaluation proposals
2. Accessibility: time access to Social Services and Primary Health Care
3. Activity:
Minimum number or coverage of users or people attended jointly by
evaluation year
Minimum number of coordination meetings structured and planned
annually
4. Satisfaction of users when covered by program together. Quality of
Life assessment
5. Professional Satisfaction
6. Service Utilization: Avoidable potentially hospitalizations in chronic
diseases, 30-day readmissions,…
Looking for a Shared Outcome Framework to
promote Integrated Care with Social Services