This document summarizes information about three drug prescriptions: Cipro, Ventolin, and Afrin. Cipro is an antibiotic that treats various bacterial infections and is available through affordable prescription programs. Ventolin is a bronchodilator used to treat bronchospasms and exercise-induced asthma through inhalation. Afrin is a decongestant nasal spray, available over-the-counter, that treats allergies, colds, and sinusitis by narrowing blood vessels in the nose. Each drug description includes brand and chemical names, uses, administration methods, potential side effects.
This file giving the information about different pandemic diseases found till date. among that i selected some disease that occurs worldwide and more damage to world in economic way also killed large numbers of the people.
This article helps students to grab the knowledge about signs and symptoms and their respective treatments also.
This file giving the information about different pandemic diseases found till date. among that i selected some disease that occurs worldwide and more damage to world in economic way also killed large numbers of the people.
This article helps students to grab the knowledge about signs and symptoms and their respective treatments also.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) called as Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease.
COPD is characterized by difficulty in exhaling air.
It is slowly progressive disease and irreversible.
The most common cause of COPD is Cigarette Smoking.
COPD may include diseases that cause airflow obstruction (eg., Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis) or combination of these disorders.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) called as Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease.
COPD is characterized by difficulty in exhaling air.
It is slowly progressive disease and irreversible.
The most common cause of COPD is Cigarette Smoking.
COPD may include diseases that cause airflow obstruction (eg., Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis) or combination of these disorders.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
2. 1. CIPRO
• Brand name: Cipro
• Chemical name: Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
• Antibioitcmedication
– Anti: against
– Bio: life
– Tic: pertaining to
– Antibiotics are drugs which kill living bacteria or
preventing their growth
3. 1. Cipro
• Administration:
• Must be PRESCRIBED by a physician
• Oral: in the form of a liquid or a tablet
• Injection: medical professionals can inject a patient
with Cipro during their office visit to allow it into the
blood sooner
4. 1. Cipro
What type of illness will Cipro be prescribed for?
• Urinary tract infections
• Skin infections
• Infectious diarrhea
• Anthrax
– Cipro can be used to treat a wide variety of other
bacterial infections.
– Due to its versatility, Walmart stocks Cipro in their $4
prescription program making it affordable to obtain.
5. 1. Cipro
What does Cipro not help to cure?
• Syphilis
– Cipro may lesson the symptoms, but cannot kill
the bacteria which causes syphilis
• Viral illnesses (cold, flu, etc.)
– Viral illnesses are not caused by living
bacter, therefore they cannot be killed by
antibiotics
6. 1. Cipro
Potential side effects:
• Headache
• Abdominal pain
• Pain in extremities
• Restlessness
• Dizziness
• Intestinal perforation
• ETC.
8. 2. Ventolin
When is Ventolin used?
• Bronchospasm
• Exercise-induced bronchospasm
– Bronchospasms: constrictions of the muscles of
the walls of the bronchioles, making it hard to
breathe
– Many causes: infection
(pneumonia), asthma, emphysema, allergies
9. 2. Ventolin
How does Ventolin help bronchospasms?
• Relaxes muscles in the bronchioles
• Allows air to reach the lungs with ease
10. 2. Ventolin
Administration:
• Must be prescribed by a physician (only to
patients 4 years of age and older)
• Depends on indication
• Given through an inhaler (aerosol droplets)
– Bronchospasm- 2 inhalations every 4 to 6 hours; 1
inhalation every 4 hours may be enough
– Exercised-induced bronchospasm- 2 inhalations
15 to 30 minutes before exercise
11. 2. Ventolin
Potential side effects:
• Allergic reaction (hives, swelling of the airway,
difficulty breathing)
• Heart complications
• Dizziness
• ETC
12. 3. Afrin
• Brand name: Afrin
• Generic Name: oxymetazoline nasal
• Nasal decongestant
– Narrows the blood vessels in the nose to reduce
congestion and swelling
13. 3. Afrin
When is Afrin used?
• Allergies
• Common cold
• Sinusitis
• Hay fever
14. 3. Afrin
Administration:
• Over the counter medication– no need for a
prescription from a physician
• Nasal spray that can be used on one or both
nostrils
– Use exactly as the label describes—not longer, shorter,
lower doses, or higher doses
• Make sure to rinse and wipe top after each use to
avoid recontamination with the allergen/virus
• Never share this medication! This can lead to
spreading of disease.
15. 3. Afrin
Potential side effects:
• Minor (temporary)
– Burning and lack of moisture in the nose
– Runny nose and/or sneezing
• Major
– Dizziness
– Nausea
– Headache
– Emotional changes
– Insomnia
– Allergic reaction (hives, difficult breathing &
swallowing, numbness of tongue or lips)