The document discusses object theory and describes genograms and family circles. It defines a genogram as a genetic map that visualizes hereditary patterns and psychological factors in relationships. The key components of a genogram are listed as 3 or more generations, all family members, birth/death dates, diseases, living situations, marriages/separations, children ordered left to right, and a key to symbols used. Genograms are useful for fast family evaluation, risk factor comparison, early detection of high-risk patients, and patient education. A family circle shows behavioral relationships from the perspective of a family member by placing relatives in concentric circles around the patient.

1. / 131
Object TheoryObject Theory

2. / 132
Objectives
• At the end of this presentation, the
participants should be able to;
– Describe the genogram
– List the components of a genogram
– Discuss the indications for a genogram
– Describe the family circle
– Apply the family genogram in practice
– Apply the family circle in practice

3. / 133
Definition
• GENOGRAM = GENETIC MAP
• Also known as family tree but has
additional features.
• It visualizes hereditary patterns and
psychological factors that punctuate
relationships. It can be used to identify
repetitive patterns of behavior and to
recognize hereditary tendencies.

4. / 134
Importance
• Most important reasons for disease
– Genetic factors
• Autosomal
• X dependent
• Co-dominant
• Multifactorial
– Environmental
– Nutrition
– Exercise
– Risky life styles

5. / 135

6. / 136
http://www.genogram-analytics.com/sample-genograms/standard-symbols

7. / 137
Jacqueline

8. / 138
The components of a genogram
1. Should contain 3 or more generations
2. All family members
3. Birth dates or ages
4. Death dates and reasons
5. Significant diseases
6. Members sharing the same housing
7. Marriages and separations
8. All children starting first one from the left
9. Key to the symbols used
10. Ergonomic components

9. / 139
Benefits
1. Allows fast evaluation of the family
2. Helps to communicate with other health
professionals
3. Turns the patient into a bunch of information
4. Allows comparison of risk factors with other
parameters
5. Allows early detection of high risk patients
6. Is useful in the patient education

10. / 1310

11. / 1311
Family Circle
• It’s a way to see the behavioral relationships
within a family from the perspective of a family
member.
• The patient is asked to show family members
starting from the closest one.
• All family members, friends, even pets should be
shown on the circle.
• Date of the drawing should be mentioned. The
family circle may be repeated after some time.

12. / 1312
01.11.2001

13. / 1313
Indications for genogram
1. Recurrent medical problems
2. Uncooperative patients
3. Somatization
4. Psychosomatic disorders (anorexia, obesity,
asthma, diabetes…)
5. Family problems (separation, divorce…)
6. Substance abuse