The document discusses management styles in the Philippines, which is influenced by both Asian and Western cultures. It describes the typical hierarchical business structures and paternalistic management approach. Meetings can be informal with late starts and emphasis on relationship building over timekeeping. Gift giving is an important part of business culture. There are five types of Filipino managers characterized by their work ethic, use of rules/experience, and adaptability to situations.

1. MANAGEMENT FILIPINO STYLE
BRENT GREG E. GOMUAD
Mountain Province State Polytechnic College
Tadian Mountain Province
1. Background to Business in Philippines
2. Filipino Business Structures
3. Filipino Management Style
On Teams
On Communication Styles
On Meetings
On Gift Giving
On Dress Code
4.Five (5) types of Filipino managers
ERNESTO A. FRANCO et al. 1988

2. 1. Background to Business in Philippines
ᴥ The Philippines represents a cultural puzzle
ᴥ Situated in the heart of South East Asia but heavily
influenced by such non-Asian forces as Spain (and
Mexico), the United States and the Catholic Church
ᴥ Majority of inhabitants are of ethnic Malay stock but, unlike
neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia, the
influence of Islam has been limited.
ᴥ Thus, issues such as 'loss of face‘ - neither completely of the
East nor of the West but a culture unto itself

3. Cont’d…Background to Business in Philippines
The Philippines is the result a unique cultural mix of Asian and Western influences and presents the overseas business visitor with a host of seemingly conflicting characteristics.The Philippines is the result a unique cultural mix of Asian and Western influences and presents the overseas business visitor with a host of seemingly conflicting characteristics.The Philippines is the result a unique cultural mix of Asian and Western influences and presents the overseas business visitor with a host of seemingly conflicting characteristics.The Philippines is the result a unique cultural mix of Asian and Western influences and presents the overseas business visitor with a host of seemingly conflicting characteristics.The Philippines is the result a unique cultural mix of Asian and Western influences and presents the overseas business visitor with a host of seemingly conflicting characteristics.
The Philippines is the result a unique cultural
mix of Asian and Western influences and
presents the overseas (regional) business
visitor with a host of seemingly conflicting
characteristics.

4. 2. Filipino Business Structures
ᴥ Most Filipino companies are hierarchically structured
and local employees would look to a strong hierarchy
it is imperative to have good contacts at this level
much time can be wasted trying to influence people lower
down the chain who are not really decision-makers
championing such concepts as delegation may be
viewed with suspicion
decisions will emanate from the top and be filtered down
to middle management for implementation

5. Cont’d… Filipino Business Structures
it is important that senior level contacts are not insulted by
being asked to receive lower ranking representatives
It is important, however, to Develop contacts
at all levels of an organization - at the top for
decision making purposes, and lower down
for when programs/projects begin

6. 3. Filipino Management Style
ᴥ Management style tends towards the paternalistic
as is often found in strongly hierarchical structures
ᴥ people are extremely careful to ensure that others do not
suffer embarrassment or any sense of shame (hiya) as a
result of their own actions or their inability to meet the
expectations of others
ᴥ It is considered to be very bad behavior to criticize another
in public As this is the greatest insult that can be given

7. Cont’d… Filipino Management Style
ᴥ Any attack on an individual's self-esteem may have to be
revenged
ᴥ Therefore, managers treat subordinates with respect whilst,
at the same time, maintaining the dignity of the position of
boss
ᴥ Relationship bonds run deep in Filipino culture and the
manager expects loyalty
ᴥ In return for this loyalty the boss will look after the
interests of those subordinates

8. Cont’d… Filipino Management Style
On Teams
ᴥ the concept of 'pakikisama' is so strongly programmed
into the Filipino consciousness
ᴥ it is extremely important to be aware of the sense of 'face' of
every member of a group because an insult to one could be
construed as an insult to all
ᴥ Teams expect to be clearly led by the manager and
the manager is expected to act as the champion of
the group in all situations

9. Cont’d… Filipino Management Style
On Communication Styles
ᴥ communicating in the Philippines is extremely easy for
many Western business people
ᴥ Filipino's would rather say 'yes' even if they mean 'no‘
and smiles at you the whole time!
ᴥ It is dangerous to take everything you hear at face value.
Look for the coded messages behind the words that are
spoken
ᴥ In addition to the use of coded-language, Filipino body
language can also be misleading

10. Cont’d… Filipino Management Style
On Meetings
ᴥ Time can be very elastic - the meeting start time will be delayed
It is important, however, that that you arrive punctually
in order to show the right amount of respect
ᴥ Meetings will usually start with quite a lot of small talk
small talk is part of the relationship-building process and
will probably precede meetings at all stages of a project
ᴥ Filipinos tend to be extremely non-confrontational
ᴥ meeting seems to be progressing very well if people are not
openly contradicted

11. Cont’d… Filipino Management Style
Cont’d.. On Meetings
Meetings can seem quite relaxed with time keeping
being less rigidly adhered to than in many other
cultures. Meetings can start up to one hour late

12. Cont’d… Filipino Management Style
On Gift Giving
ᴥ Take a supply of small gifts with you to help oil the
progress of the relationship-building process.
Remember that gifts should be wrapped

13. Cont’d… Filipino Management Style
On Dress Code
ᴥ Dress code tends to be reasonably formal.
ᴥ Clothing is pack lightweight

14. 4.Five (5) types of Filipino managers
ERNESTO A. FRANCO et al. 1988
1. Manager "by kayod."
2. Manager "by lusot."
3. Manager "by Libro"
4. Manager "by oido."
5. Manager "by ugnayan."

15. 1. Manager "by kayod."
Cont’n…Five (5) types of Filipino managers
→ action-hungry, highly dedicated
→ his manners are rather formal and that of an introvert
→ He is a serious worker and will not give in to bribing or
any anomalous deals

16. → He is also given to make shortcuts and to do unconventional
or even illegal ways to attain objectives
2. Manager "by lusot."
→ which means capitalizing on a loophole
→ He always be on the lookout for loopholes of anything and will
use them to avoid too much work or as an excuse for failure
→ Generally an extrovert, he deals with people informally
Cont’n…Five (5) types of Filipino managers

17. 3. Manager "by Libro"
Cont’n…Five (5) types of Filipino managers
→ manager operates by the dictates of the book
→ He is systematic, though, and analytical
→ He usually has adequate formal training in
management

18. 4. Manager "by oido."
Cont’n…Five (5) types of Filipino managers
→ manager learns his managerial skills by oido or by ear
→ He has a vast field of practical experiences to
compensate for his lack of formal management
education
→ He is the opposite of "libro" manager

19. Cont’n…Five (5) types of Filipino managers
5. Manager "by ugnayan."
→ A hybrid of all types of managers
→ Tie integrates various styles of management depending
on the need and conditions of his organization
→ He is participatory and coordinative

20. Manager
by “kayod”
Manager
by “oido”
Manager
by “libro”
Manager
by “ugnayan”
Manager
by “lusot”
Five (5) types of Filipino managers ERNESTO A. FRANCO et al. 1988
highly dedicated
Introvert & formal
Avoid much work
Extrovert & informal
Systematic & analytical
By the books and establish rules
Thoroughly situational
Integrative; a reconciler
Based on practical experience
Pragmatic

21. End of Presentation
GOOD DAY AND GOD SPEED !!!