This document discusses research methodology and formulating a research problem. It covers reviewing existing literature, developing theoretical and conceptual frameworks, and determining research objectives and operational definitions. The key steps in formulating a research problem are to: 1) identify a broad area of interest and narrow it down, 2) raise research questions, 3) formulate objectives to answer the questions, and 4) establish clear operational definitions. A literature review establishes the theoretical background, identifies gaps in knowledge, and helps integrate new research findings. The research problem provides the foundation for the entire study.